Gwynedd is a county in the north-west of Wales. It covers an area of 2,535 km2 (979 sq mi)[1] and in 2021 the population was approximately 117,100.[2]
The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales was established in 2002 and given statutory status in 2022. It is administered by Cadw, the historic environment agency of the Welsh Government.[3][4] Elisabeth Whittle described Cadw as having a "somewhat special and guiding role" in the preservation of historic parks and gardens, since they are "an integral part of Welsh archaeological and architectural heritage".[5] The register includes just under 400 sites, ranging from gardens of private houses, to cemeteries and public parks. Parks and gardens are listed at one of three grades, matching the grading system used for listed buildings. Grade I is the highest grade, for sites of exceptional interest; Grade II*, the next highest, denotes parks and gardens of great quality; while Grade II denotes sites of special interest.[6]
There are 32 sites on the register of parks and gardens in Gwynedd. Three are listed at Grade I, 10 are Grade II*, and 19 are Grade II.
Key
| Grade | Criteria[6] |
|---|---|
| I | Parks and gardens of exceptional interest |
| II* | Parks and gardens of great quality |
| II | Parks and gardens of special interest |
List of parks and gardens
| Name | Location Grid Ref.[note 1] Geo-coordinates | Date Listed | Description / Notes | Grade | Reference Number | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abergwynant | Arthog SH6766917777 52°44′28″N 3°57′38″W / 52.741071°N 3.960418°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[7][8][9] The park is bounded by the A493 road to the south-east, the River Gwynant to the south-west and the Mawddach Trail, a former railway route, to the north-west. The park is thought to have been laid out in the mid-nineteenth century at the same time as the garden with kitchen garden.[10] | II | PGW(Gd)32(GWY) |  |
| Boduan | Buan SH3225638256 52°54′55″N 4°29′42″W / 52.915182°N 4.49508°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[11][12][13] The park was probably first laid out when the house was built in 1736, and like the house it has undergone significant changes over the centuries. The gardens include three large fishponds with ornamental bridges. To the south of the house are two walled gardens built in the nineteenth century.[14] | II | PGW(Gd)17(GWY) |  |
| Broom Hall | Llanystumdwy SH4116337017 52°54′24″N 4°21′44″W / 52.906761°N 4.362116°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[15][16][17] The park, of about 30 acres (12 ha), lies mainly to the south and south-west of the house and gardens and is separated from them by a ha-ha. The park and gardens were laid out when the house was built (1779–1782), however, the gardens were later modified with the addition of terracing and the park has been enlarged.[18] | II | PGW(Gd)22(GWY) |  |
| Bryn Bras Castle | Llanrug SH5443962496 53°08′22″N 4°10′35″W / 53.139418°N 4.176351°W | 1 February 2022 | Gardens[19][20] The house was built in the 1830s and it is thought that the gardens were laid out at the same time. To the south-east of the house is the water garden with a series of ponds. The gardens to the east of the house consists of semi-formal lawns beyond which is woodland. The kitchen garden was repurposed as a knot garden in the 1920s.[21] | II | PGW(Gd)41(GWY) |  |
| Bryn Gwynant | Beddgelert SH6404051344 53°02′30″N 4°01′41″W / 53.041763°N 4.028173°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[22][23][24][25] The former kitchen garden (now a car park) is to the west of the house. Another kitchen garden may also have existed behind the house in what is now the enclosed orchard. Beyond the orchard is a Japanese garden which, along with the park, is probably contemporary with the house built in the 1830s.[26] | II | PGW(Gd)20(GWY) |  |
| Bryn-y-Neuadd | Llanfairfechan SH6746774581 53°15′05″N 3°59′12″W / 53.251392°N 3.986707°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[27][28][29] The landscape park with formal Italianate garden was laid out by Edward Milner in the mid-nineteenth century. The house was demolished in the 1960s and although the park is now covered with the buildings of the hospital, which opened in 1971, the original layout survives, as do the formal garden and kitchen garden.[30] | II | PGW(Gd)3(CON) | .jpg) |
| Cefnamwlch | Tudweiliog SH2343635529 52°53′16″N 4°37′29″W / 52.887867°N 4.624657°W | 1 February 2022 | Gardens[31][32] The house is situated within woodland which provides a sheltered microclimate for the area around the house and the walled garden to its north which probably dates to the 1820s. The registered area includes the drives approaching the house from the north and south, both with lodges, and the former drive from the south-east.[33] | II | PGW(Gd)23(GWY) |  |
| Cors-y-Gedol | Dyffryn Ardudwy SH5954422663 52°46′58″N 4°04′58″W / 52.782915°N 4.082796°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[34][35][36] The kitchen garden may be contemporary with the gentry house, the earliest part of which dates from 1576 and which is approached by a drive flanked by a lime avenue of c. 1735–1740. The park was laid out in, or possibly before, the eighteenth century.[37] | II | PGW(Gd)27(GWY) |  |
| Craflwyn | Beddgelert SH6001049116 53°01′15″N 4°05′14″W / 53.0207°N 4.087288°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and garden[38][39] The present park was laid out at the same time as the house was remodelled in the 1870s. A walled orchard and walled kitchen garden lie to the north of the gardens and pleasure grounds which are mainly to the west and north of the house.[40] | II | PGW(Gd)21(GWY) |  |
| Dolmelynllyn | Ganllwyd SH7244823959 52°47′52″N 3°53′31″W / 52.797763°N 3.892064°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[41][42][43] The site is bounded on its eastern side by the Afon Mawddach and divided from north to south by the A470 road. The land by the river is agricultural and the house and main area of parkland lie on the opposite side of the road. The gardens around the house consist of lawns and a series of terraces that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.[44] | II | PGW(Gd)33(GWY) |  |
| Former Nuclear Power Station at Trawsfynydd: Dragon Square and Dame Sylvia Crowe Garden | Maentwrog SH6907038097 52°55′26″N 3°56′52″W / 52.92399°N 3.947832°W | 1 February 2022 | Gardens[45][46] The registered area consists of two gardens designed by Sylvia Crowe between 1959 and 1965 as part of a larger scheme of landscaping for the former nuclear power station at Trawsfynydd. [47] | II* | PGW(Gd)64(GWY) |  |
| Glan-y-Mawddach | Barmouth SH6284416702 52°43′49″N 4°01′53″W / 52.730201°N 4.031406°W | 1 February 2022 | Woodland garden[48] The gardens of around 30 acres (12 ha) were developed in the early twentieth century with further planting taking place from the 1940s to 1960s. A network of paths connects a number of individual gardens whose influences include Arts and Crafts, Italian and Japanese Gardens. The long raised terrace adjoining the house and the summer house are both of c. 1910 and are both Grade II listed.[49][50][51] | II* | PGW(Gd)62(GWY) | |
| Glasfryn | Llanystumdwy SH4015042423 52°57′18″N 4°22′47″W / 52.955024°N 4.379828°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[52][53] The walled park was laid out in the 1790s, with the house at its centre. Since this time the estate has been enlarged with land beyond the wall being incorporated into the park, and the gardens expanded within parts of the original park. The main landscape feature is a natural lake, Llyn Glasfryn, to the south of the parkland.[54] | II | PGW(Gd)24(GWY) | .jpg) |
| Glyn Cywarch | Talsarnau SH6058533960 52°53′05″N 4°04′20″W / 52.884681°N 4.072199°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[55][56] The park and oldest parts of the gardens are contemporary with the house of c. 1616. The house, semi-formal garden and walled kitchen garden are to the north of the estate. In the centre of the park is a lookout tower built in 1881 from which there are panoramic views from Harlech Castle to the Dwyryd Estuary.[57][58] | II* | PGW(Gd)28(GWY) |  |
| Glynllifon | Llandwrog SH4588255029 53°04′12″N 4°18′02″W / 53.069936°N 4.300595°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[59][60][61] Cadw describes Glynllifon as "an outstanding and extensive eighteenth and nineteenth-century park and pleasure ground". The Afon Llifon flows through the estate and its valley provides a setting for the features of the gardens and pleasure grounds including caves and grottoes, a boathouse and numerous bridges.[62] | I | PGW(Gd)39(GWY) |  |
| Morfa Common Park | Caernarfon SH4845261669 53°07′49″N 4°15′55″W / 53.130321°N 4.265388°W | 1 February 2022 | Public Park[63] The park was laid out by 1888 and retains much of its original layout. The main area has a network of paths and a circular walk around its main feature, an irregularly-shaped artificial lake. The north-east of the park is used for sports grounds.[64] | II | PGW(Gd)38(GWY) |  |
| Nannau | Llanelltyd SH7391620571 52°46′04″N 3°52′08″W / 52.767668°N 3.868998°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[65][66][67] The late eighteenth-century landscape park contains an earlier walled deer park to the south of the 1790s house. There were two kitchen gardens at Nannau, the older of these was in the south of the estate. It appears to have been superseded from around 1838 by one closer to the house and home farm, the internal layout of which has since been mostly removed.[68] | II* | PGW(Gd)34(GWY) |  |
| Panorama Walk, Barmouth | Barmouth SH6276616679 52°43′48″N 4°01′57″W / 52.729975°N 4.032551°W | 1 February 2022 | Walk[69] The footpath was developed in the nineteenth century take advantage of the natural scenery and views of the Mawddach Estuary and Cardigan Bay. The walk incorporates an area of woodland that was formerly pleasure grounds thought to have been laid out in the early twentieth century.[70] | II | PGW(Gd)26(GWY) |  |
| Parc | Llanfrothen SH6257243955 52°58′30″N 4°02′49″W / 52.975°N 4.046924°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[71][72][73] The main gardens were probably laid out in the seventeenth century and feature several stone-built terraces. The gardens, together with the house and farm buildings, are centrally located within the rectangular walled park.[74] | II* | PGW(Gd)35(GWY) |  |
| Peniarth | Llanegryn SH6104305574 52°37′47″N 4°03′12″W / 52.62976°N 4.053362°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[75][76][77] The pleasure grounds around the house are within an eighteenth-century landscape park. The kitchen garden lies to the north-west of the house and is thought to have been built between 1820 and 1850. The registered area includes the former main drive to the south of the River Dysynni.[78] | II* | PGW(Gd)36(GWY) | |
| Penmaenuchaf | Dolgellau SH6987318375 52°44′49″N 3°55′41″W / 52.746979°N 3.928028°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[79][80][81] The nineteenth-century woodland park is bounded to the north by the A493 road. The terrace around the house and the viewing terrace were present in 1888. The main garden terraces, east of the house, were added by 1901. The kitchen garden, to the north-west of the house, was probably moved to its present location as part of the redevelopment of the gardens in the early twentieth century.[82] | II | PGW(Gd)37(GWY) |  |
| Penrhyn Castle | Llandygai SH6014571942 53°13′33″N 4°05′43″W / 53.225808°N 4.095231°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[83][84][85][86] Well-preserved gardens, consisting mostly informal lawns, lie around the early nineteenth-century castle which is located centrally within a walled park. The walled flower garden to the west of the house was laid out in the second half of the nineteenth century. [87] | II* | PGW(Gd)40(GWY) |  |
| Plas Bodegroes | Llannor SH3533835352 52°53′24″N 4°26′52″W / 52.890054°N 4.447817°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[88][89][90] The gardens and surrounding park were probably laid out when the country house (now a hotel) was built in the 1780s. To the south-west of the house is a lawn beyond which is the main feature of the garden, a 400-metre-long (1,300 ft) beech avenue.[91] | II | PGW(Gd)15(GWY) |  |
| Plas Brondanw | Llanfrothen SH6153742228 52°57′33″N 4°03′42″W / 52.959211°N 4.061588°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and garden[92][93] The garden has a highly architectural design and was laid out mainly in the 1920s and 1930s by Clough Williams-Ellis who inherited the house in 1908. The folly tower in the south of the estate was erected in c. 1920 as wedding present for Clough and Amabel Williams-Ellis who married in 1915.[94][95] | I | PGW(Gd)30(GWY) |  |
| Plas Gwynant | Beddgelert SH6289150513 53°02′02″N 4°02′42″W / 53.033995°N 4.044961°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[96][97][98][99] The park, which was laid out in the early nineteenth century, is divided by the Afon Llynedno flowing east to west through the park to join the Afon Glaslyn on the western boundary of the estate. The house and surrounding gardens with semi-formal terraces lie to the north of the Llynedno along both sides of which is a riverside walk.[100] | II | PGW(Gd)16(GWY) |  |
| Plas Tan-y-Bwlch | Maentwrog SH6487140788 52°56′50″N 4°00′41″W / 52.947125°N 4.011373°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[101][102][103] The Ffestiniog Railway (built in the 1830s) passes through the park in a wide loop within which a deer park was created. The surviving layout of park and garden dates mainly from between 1869 and the beginning of the twentieth century.[104] | II* | PGW(Gd)31(GWY) |  |
| Plas-yn-Rhiw | Aberdaron SH2359128304 52°49′23″N 4°37′06″W / 52.823029°N 4.618445°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and garden[105][106] The early seventeenth-century manor house and enclosed ornamental gardens are set in a partly wooded park. The restoration and planting in the gardens was undertaken by Keating sisters who purchased the estate in 1939 and later donated it to the National Trust. [107] | II | PGW(Gd)14(GWY) |  |
| Portmeirion | Penrhyndeudraeth SH5866237108 52°54′45″N 4°06′08″W / 52.912467°N 4.102127°W | 1 February 2022 | Gardens[108][109] Portmeirion was designed and built by the Clough Williams-Ellis between 1925 and the 1970s. The peninsula to the west of the village was originally the informal pleasure grounds of the Aber-Ia mansion which Williams-Ellis acquired and converted into a hotel. The village consists of numerous listed buildings arranged around the central public garden.[110] | II* | PGW(Gd)29(GWY) |  |
| Rhiwlas | Llandderfel SH9226837078 52°55′12″N 3°36′09″W / 52.919989°N 3.602541°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[111][112][113] The landscape park was initially laid out by William Emes in the late-eighteenth century. The estate is bounded to the south and west by the Afon Tryweryn beside which is the now disused main drive which approaches the house from the south-west. [114] | II | PGW(Gd)25(GWY) |  |
| Tan-yr-Allt | Porthmadog SH5680540552 52°56′34″N 4°07′52″W / 52.942913°N 4.131242°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[115][116][117] The house was designed and the grounds laid out in c. 1800 by William Madocks. On the lawn to the east of the house is a memorial to Percy Bysshe Shelley who stayed at Tan-yr-Allt in the 1810s.[118] | II | PGW(Gd)18(GWY) |  |
| Vaynol | Pentir SH5336169303 53°12′01″N 4°11′44″W / 53.200274°N 4.195574°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[119][120][121][122][123][124] The oldest of the garden areas is the terraced Elizabethan garden to the north of Vaynol Old Hall. The Italian water garden between Vaynol Old Hall and Vaynol Hall, and the rose garden the south-west, both date to the early twentieth century. The present park was laid out in the 1820s and is surrounded by a high stone wall dating from the 1860s. [125] | I | PGW(Gd)52(GWY) | _NLW3363030.jpg) |
| Wern | Porthmadog SH5426140030 52°56′15″N 4°10′08″W / 52.937539°N 4.168852°W | 1 February 2022 | Park and gardens[126][127][128][129] The gardens were designed by Thomas Mawson in the late-nineteenth to early-twentieth century with terraces and an informal water garden. The kitchen garden to the north-west of the house replaced an earlier structure in c. 1892 when the house was rebuilt.[130] | II* | PGW(Gd)19(GWY) |  |
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Whittle, Elisabeth (1992). The Historic Gardens of Wales: An Introduction to Parks and Gardens in the History of Wales. Cardiff: Cadw. ISBN 978-0-117-01578-4.
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