Template:Infobox carbon/testcases

Carbon, ₆C
	Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
Allotropes	graphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
Appearance	graphite: black, metallic-looking; diamond: clear;
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
	[12.0096, 12.0116]; 12.011±0.002 (abridged);
Carbon in the periodic table
	boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic number (Z)	6
Group	group 14 (carbon group)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell	2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Sublimation point	3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 ; graphite: 2.267 g/cm3 ; diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
Triple point	4600 K, 10,800 kPa
Heat of fusion	graphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K) ; diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies	1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Covalent radius	sp3: 77 pm; sp2: 73 pm; sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
	Spectral lines of carbon
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	graphite: simple hexagonal ; (black)
Crystal structure	diamond: face-centered diamond-cubic ; (clear)
Speed of sound thin rod	diamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	diamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	graphite: 119–165 W/(m⋅K) ; diamond: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	graphite: 7.837 µΩ⋅m
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	diamond: −5.9×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	diamond: 1050 GPa
Shear modulus	diamond: 478 GPa
Bulk modulus	diamond: 442 GPa
Poisson ratio	diamond: 0.1
Mohs hardness	graphite: 1–2 ; diamond: 10
CAS Number	atomic carbon: 7440-44-0; graphite: 7782-42-5; diamond: 7782-40-3;
History
	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Isotopes of carbon v; e;
	Category: Carbon; view; talk; edit; \| references

Carbon, ₆C
	Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
Allotropes	graphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
Appearance	graphite: black, metallic-looking; diamond: clear;
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
	[12.0096, 12.0116]; 12.011±0.002 (abridged);
Carbon in the periodic table
	boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic number (Z)	6
Group	group 14 (carbon group)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell	2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Sublimation point	3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 ; graphite: 2.267 g/cm3 ; diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
Triple point	4600 K, 10,800 kPa
Heat of fusion	graphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K) ; diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies	1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Covalent radius	sp3: 77 pm; sp2: 73 pm; sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
	Spectral lines of carbon
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	graphite: simple hexagonal ; (black)
Crystal structure	diamond: face-centered diamond-cubic ; (clear)
Thermal expansion	diamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	graphite: 119–165 W/(m⋅K) ; diamond: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	graphite: 7.837 µΩ⋅m
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	diamond: −5.9×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	diamond: 1050 GPa
Shear modulus	diamond: 478 GPa
Bulk modulus	diamond: 442 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	diamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	diamond: 0.1
Mohs hardness	graphite: 1–2 ; diamond: 10
CAS Number	atomic carbon: 7440-44-0; graphite: 7782-42-5; diamond: 7782-40-3;
History
	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Isotopes of carbon v; e;
	Category: Carbon; view; talk; edit; \| references

Side by side comparison

References

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