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User:Gk202/Industrial Exhibitions

Industrial Exhibitions are displays of manufactured goods intended to promote new technologies or fine craftsmanship. Their precedents lie in medieval trade fairs but their immediate context lay in the challenges posed by the industrial revolution.

Society of the Arts, England, 1761

Founded in England in 1754, the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (also known as the Society of Arts and from 1908 the Royal Society of Arts) was dedicated to promoting technological change that would create work for the poor and it pursued this by offering 'Premiums for such Productions, Inventions, or Improvements, as shall tend to the employing of the Poor and the Increase of Trade.'[1] In 1761 the Society held an 'Exhibition [...] of Agricultural and other Machines, for which the Society [...] offered prizes.'[2] However, there was not established in England a regular series of industrial exhibitions whereas in several other European countries there were.


Revolutionary France

In revolutionary France, the government inherited from the monarchy the direction of three sets of manufacturing establishments: the porcelain works at Sèvres, the Gobelins tapestry manufactory of Paris, and the Savonerrie carpet manufactory of the Quai de Chaillot, near Paris. In 1797, the Directory (the revolutionary government of France) appointed Marquis d-Avèze (1756-1848) as commissioner to these enterprises. The revolution had much disrupted their royal and aristocratic patronage and to promote sales, the Marquis planned an exhibition of their works at the Chateau of St. Cloud. A subsequent decree of the Directory banned the nobility from France and, fleeing for his life, the Marquis interrupted his plans until calmer days in early 1798 when, back again in Paris, he realised his ambition with a display at the Maison d'Orsay, rue de Varennes, of porcelain, tapestry, and carpets, but also beautiful furniture, clocks, watches, silks, and bookbinding.[3] Later that same year, the return of Napoleon from conquests in Italy provided the occasion for a further and this time more fully public industrial exhibition in Paris, the Exposition publique des produits de l'industrie française (19-21 September 1798).[4] François de Neufchâteau (1750-1828), Minister of the Interior, had announced the event as "a new kind of spectacle: a public Exposition of the products of French industry." [5] To stage the spectacle a temporary Temple of Industry was constructed on the Champ de Mars and here the products of 110 inventors and industrialists were put on display. Neufchâteau claimed that the military glory of France relied upon the dynamism of its industries.

Napoleonic France

Unlike the 1761 exhibition in London, the 1798 exhibitions in Paris did instigate a series of industrial exhibitions in France, in other countries under Napoleonic rule, and more generally in Europe. Under Napoleon three further industrial expositions were held in Paris (1801, 1802, 1806) with the primary purpose of asserting France's industrial supremacy over the United Kingdom.[6] Th exhibitions of 1801 and 1802 were held on the courtyard of the Louvre but the largest (1806) returned to the Champ de Mars. This was the first exposition to have an international flavour including, as it did, products from the many European countries under French rule.[7]

1750s - 1790s - 1800s - 1820s - 1840s - 1850s - 1860s - 1870s - 1880s - 1890s - 1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s - 2000s - 2010s - 2020s

1760s

  • 1761 - Exhibition of Agricultural and other Machines, Society of Arts, London, England.

1790s

  • 1791 - First industrial exhibition in Prague, Klementinum, in 1791 - considerable sophistication of manufacturing methods[8]
  • 1798 - Exhibition of luxury goods at the Maison d'Orsay, Paris, France.[9].
  • 1798 - L'Exposition publique des produits de l'industrie française, Paris, France.[10]

1800s

  • 1801 - Paris, France - Second Exposition (1801). After the success of the exposition of 1798 a series of expositions for French manufacturing followed (1801, 1802, 1806, 1819, 1823, 1827, 1834, 1844, 1849) until the first properly international (or universal) exposition in France in 1855[11].
  • 1802 - Paris, France - Third Exposition (1802)
  • 1806 - Paris, France - Fourth Exposition (1806)

1810s

  • 1819 - Paris, France - Fifth Exposition (1819)

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See also

External links

References


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