| Mr. Ibrahem/Urothelial carcinoma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) |
_pT1.JPG) | |
| Histopathology of transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Transurethral biopsy. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. | |
| Specialty | Oncology, urology |
| Symptoms | Blood in the urine, back pain, weight loss, pain with urination[1] |
| Complications | Spread to other parts of the body[1] |
| Types | Upper tract, urinary bladder[2] |
| Risk factors | Smoking, aromatic amines, arsenic, aristolochic acid, Lynch syndrome[3][4] |
| Diagnostic method | Cystoscopy and biopsy[5] |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy, laser surgery[1] |
| Prognosis | Good if found early[6] |
| Frequency | Common[3] |
Urothelial carcinoma, previously called transitional cell carcinoma, is a type of cancer that can occur anywhere along the urinary tract.[7][8] This includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and urethra.[7][9] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, back pain, weight loss, or pain with urination.[1]
Risk factors include smoking, aromatic amines, arsenic, aristolochic acid, Schistosoma haematobium, and genetic disorders such as Lynch syndrome.[3][4][2] They develop from the transitional epithelium.[3] The diagnosis is generally confirmed by cystoscopy and biopsy.[5]
Treatment often include surgery.[1] Other options may include chemotherapy or laser surgery.[1] If the cancer remains localized a cure if often possible.[6] Multiple areas of the urinary tract; however, may be affected and there is a risk of reoccurrence.[3] Spread may also occur to lymph nodes, lung, liver, or bone.[1]
Urothelial carcinomas make up about 12.5% of cancer cases.[3] Males are more commonly affected than females.[2] They are the most common cancer of the urinary tract,[10] representing more than 90% of bladder cancers and about 7% of kidney cancers.[6][3] They are the second most common reason for death from genitourinary cancers.[10]