Wilhelm "Willi" Freuwörth (4 November 1917 – 5 December 1970) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. During his career Wilhelm Freuwörth was credited with 58 aerial victories.
Wilhelm Freuwörth | |
|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | "Willi" |
| Born | 4 November 1917 Börßum |
| Died | 5 December 1970 (aged 53) Wetzlar |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service/ |  Luftwaffe |
| Rank | Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) |
| Unit | JG 52 JG 26 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
War against the Soviet Union
On 22 June, German forces had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. Pror to its deployment on the Eastern Front, I. Gruppe was fully equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2. The Gruppe reached Orsha on 27 September before heading to Ponyatovka on 2 October. There, the Gruppe was initially subordinated to the Stab (headquarters unit) of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) and supported German forces fighting in the Battle of Vyazma as part of Operation Typhoon, the code name of the German offensive on Moscow.[1][2] On 20 October, the Gruppe moved to an airfield named Kalinin-Southwest, present-day Tver, and located on the Volga, and to Staritsa on 31 October and then to Ruza located approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) west of Moscow on 3 November.[3] While transferring to Ruza, Freuwörth belly landed his Bf 109 F-2 at Smolensk on 4 October.[4]
On 29 May 1942, Freuwörth was shot down in his Bf 109 F-4 during aerial combat with I-61 fighters, an early German designation of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter.[5] Freuwörth was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 5 January 1943.[6]
On 24 March 1943, Freuwörth and his wingman Unteroffizier Peter Crump intercepted two Supermarine Spitfire from No. 91 Squadron. Both Spitfires were claimed shot down. Freuwörth hit the Spitfire piloted by Flying Officer Jim Anstie, resulting in a forced landing near RAF Lympne.[7] The following day, Freuwörth claimed another Spitfire fighter shot down 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) southeast of Dover.[8] According to Mathews and Foreman, the aircraft he shot down was a misidentified Hawker Typhoon fighter from the No. 609 Squadron piloted by John Robert Baldwin who was shot down over the English Channel that day.[9] On 1 January 1945, Freuwörth was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant).[10]
Later life
Freuwörth died on 5 December 1970 at the age of 53 in Wetzlar, West Germany.[11]
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Freuwörth was credited with 58 aerial victories.[12] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 48 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 45 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and three over the Western Allies.[13]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 40412". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[14]
| Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Freuwörth an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. | |||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[9] On the Western Front — April – 23 September 1941 | |||||||||
| 1 | 26 August 1941 | 14:20?[Note 1] | Blenheim | north of Juist[15] | |||||
| – 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[9] Operation Barbarossa — 2 October – 5 December 1941 | |||||||||
| 2 | 26 November 1941 | 14:06 | Il-2[16] | 3 | 28 November 1941 | 14:45 | I-61 (MiG-3) | west of Mytishchi[16] | |
| – 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[13] 19 May 1942 – 1 February 1943 | |||||||||
| 4 | 24 May 1942 | 18:22 | Il-2[17] | 31 | 25 September 1942 | 10:40 | LaGG-3 | PQ 40412[18] | |
| 5 | 26 May 1942 | 15:43 | Pe-2[19] | 32?[Note 2] | 25 September 1942 | — | LaGG-3[18] | ||
| 6 | 28 May 1942 | 09:53 | I-26 (Yak-1)[19] | 33 | 4 October 1942 | 14:58 | Il-2 | PQ 59321[18] | |
| 7 | 11 June 1942 | 05:24 | I-16[20] | 34 | 11 October 1942 | 12:03 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49432[18] Srednyaya Akhtuba | |
| 8 | 13 June 1942 | 06:36 | LaGG-3 | PQ 70213[20] | 35 | 14 October 1942 | 08:05 | U-2 | PQ 40563[21] 55 km (34 mi) north of Hrebinka |
| 9 | 2 July 1942 | 09:32 | LaGG-3[22] | 36 | 25 October 1942 | 14:40 | Yak-1 | PQ 49214[21] northeast of Hrebinka | |
| 10 | 31 July 1942 | 04:52 | LaGG-3 | PQ 97471[23] | 37 | 27 October 1942 | 09:08 | R-5 | PQ 59534[21] vicinity of Jarsew |
| 11 | 2 August 1942 | 18:30 | I-153 | PQ 66664[23] east of Zaporizhzhia | 38 | 28 October 1942 | 11:52 | Yak-1 | PQ 49431[21] Srednyaya Akhtuba |
| 12 | 6 August 1942 | 09:15 | R-5 | PQ 75161[23] east of Anapa | 39 | 29 October 1942 | 08:23 | Yak-1 | PQ 59321[21] |
| 13 | 6 August 1942 | 17:20 | Pe-2 | PQ 75161[23] east of Anapa | 40 | 29 October 1942 | 14:50 | LaGG-3 | PQ 50593[21] |
| 14 | 10 August 1942 | 11:30 | I-16 | PQ 75413[23] vicinity of Vasilyevka | 41 | 31 October 1942 | 12:52 | LaGG-3 | PQ 59333[21] |
| 15 | 22 August 1942 | 08:05 | R-5 | PQ 55764[24] Black Sea | 42 | 1 November 1942 | 12:56 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49431[21] vicinity of Srednyaya Akhtuba |
| 16 | 22 August 1942 | 08:08 | LaGG-3 | PQ 55884[24] Black Sea | 43 | 1 November 1942 | 12:59?[Note 3] | LaGG-3 | PQ 49431[21] vicinity of Srednyaya Akhtuba |
| 17 | 26 August 1942 | 06:22 | I-180 (Yak-7) | PQ 47852[24] east-southeast of Zubtsov | 44 | 1 November 1942 | 13:03 | LaGG-3 | PQ 59143[21] |
| 18 | 31 August 1942 | 11:08 | Yak-1 | PQ 47881[24] | 45 | 1 November 1942 | 13:06 | LaGG-3 | PQ 59123[21] |
| 19 | 31 August 1942 | 11:10 | Yak-1 | PQ 47841[24] | 46 | 2 November 1942 | 10:35 | R-5 | PQ 59193[26] |
| 20 | 2 September 1942 | 13:20 | R-5 | PQ 56452[24] Black Sea | 47 | 3 November 1942 | 14:03?[Note 4] | Il-2 | PQ 50751[26] |
| 21 | 2 September 1942 | 16:39 | LaGG-3 | PQ 56414, Garetewo[24] | 48?[Note 2] | 29 November 1942 | — | R-5[26] | |
| 22 | 3 September 1942 | 14:35 | Il-2 | PQ 46253[24] | 49♠[Note 2] | 16 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 23 | 3 September 1942 | 14:36 | Il-2 | PQ 46262[24] | 50♠[Note 2] | 16 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 24 | 4 September 1942 | 17:30 | Pe-2 | PQ 46293[24] | 51♠[Note 2] | 16 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 25 | 5 September 1942 | 12:05 | LaGG-3 | PQ 57894[24] | 52♠[Note 2] | 16 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 26 | 5 September 1942 | 12:07 | LaGG-3 | PQ 57893[24] Sea of Azov | 53♠[Note 2] | 16 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 27 | 6 September 1942 | 10:01 | R-5 | PQ 49814[27] | 54♠[Note 2] | 16 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 28 | 11 September 1942 | 16:17 | P-39 | PQ 47852[27] | 55?[Note 2] | 17 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 29 | 14 September 1942 | 07:50 | U-2 (Seversky) | PQ 49824[27] | 56?[Note 2] | 17 December 1942 | — | Il-2[26] | |
| 30 | 16 September 1942 | 09:53 | R-5 | PQ 47361[27] | |||||
| – 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" –[25] On the Western Front — 1 February – 21 December 1943 | |||||||||
| 57 | 24 March 1943 | 10:17 | Spitfire | 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Dungeness[8] | 58 | 25 March 1943 | 18:14 | Spitfire | 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Dover[8] |
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class[28]
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 19 October 1942 as Unteroffizier and pilot[29][Note 5]
- German Cross in Gold on 17 November 1942 as Unteroffizier in the I./Jagdgeschwader 52[30]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 January 1943 as Feldwebel and pilot in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 52[31][32]
