Anwar al-Awlaki

An haifi Al-Awlaki a Las Cruces, New Mexico, a shekarar 1971 ga iyaye daga Yemen, yayin da mahaifinsa, Nasser al-Awlaki, ke yin aikin digiri a jami'o'in Amurka. Mahaifinsa Malami ne na Fulbright.^[7] wanda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin gona a Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico a shekarar 1971, ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Nebraska, kuma ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Minnesota daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1977.^[8][9] Nasser al-Awlaki ya zama Ministan Noma a gwamnatin Ali Abdullah Saleh. Ya kuma kasance shugaban jami’ar Sana’a.^{[8][9][10][11]} Praministan Yemen daga shekarar 2007 zuwa 2011, Ali Mohammed Mujur, dangi ne.^[12]

Iyalin sun koma Yemen a shekarar 1978, lokacin al-Awlaki yana ɗan shekara bakwai.^[13][14] Ya zauna a can tsawon shekaru 11, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Azal ta zamani.^[15]

A cikin shekarar 1991, al-Awlaki ya koma Amurka don halartar kwaleji. Ya yi karatun B.S. a Civil Engineering daga Jami'ar Jihar Colorado (1994), inda ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ɗaliban Musulmai.^[16] Ya halarci jami’ar kan bizar dalibin kasashen waje da tallafin karatu daga gwamnati daga Yemen, yana mai cewa an haife shi a wannan kasar, a cewar wani tsohon wakilin tsaron Amurka.^[17]

A cikin shekarar 1993, yayin da yake ɗalibin kwaleji a cikin shirin injiniyan farar hula na jihar Colorado, al-Awlaki ya ziyarci Afganistan bayan mamayar Soviet. Ya ɗan jima yana horo tare da mujahidai waɗanda ke yaƙin Soviet. Talaucin kasar da yunwa ya sa shi bakin ciki, kuma "da ba zai tafi tare da al-Qaeda ba," a cewar abokai daga jihar Colorado, wadanda suka ce tafiyarsa ta shafe shi sosai.^[13][18][19] Mullah Mohammed Omar bai kafa kungiyar Taliban ba sai a 1994. Lokacin da Al-Awlaki ya koma harabar jami'a, ya nuna sha'awar addini da siyasa.^[15] Al-Awlaki ya yi karatun Shugabancin Ilimi a Jami’ar Jihar San Diego, amma bai kammala digirinsa ba. Ya kuma yi aiki a kan digirin-digirgir a Ci gaban Albarkatun Dan Adam a Makarantar Ilimi da Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Jami'ar George Washington daga Janairu zuwa Disamban shekarata 2001.^{[9][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]}

A ranar 30 ga Satumban shekarar 2011, an kashe al-Awlaki a wani hari da jiragen yakin Amurka suka kai a Al Jawf Governorate, Yemen, a cewar majiyoyin Amurka, Kwamandan Ayyuka na Musamman, karkashin jagorancin CIA.^[27] Wani ganau ya ce kungiyar ta tsaya cin abincin karin kumallo yayin tafiya zuwa Ma'rib Governorate. Mazauna cikin motar sun hango jirgi mara matuki kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin tserewa a cikin motar kafin a harba makamai masu linzami na wuta^[28] Ma'aikatar tsaron Yemen ta sanar da cewa an kashe al-Awlaki.^[29][30] Haka kuma an kashe Samir Khan, Ba'amurke wanda aka haifa a Saudi Arabiya, wanda ake tunanin yana bayan mujallar yanar gizo ta Ingilishi Inspire.^[31]

Seth Jones, wanda a matsayinsa na masanin kimiyyar siyasa ya ƙware a al-Qaida, yana ganin cewa ci gaba da dacewa da al-Awlaki ya kasance saboda ƙwarewarsa cikin yaren Ingilishi har ma da kwarjininsa, yana mai tabbatar da cewa "yana da aura mai ɗauke da makamai da rashin amincewa, da murmushi mai sauƙi da annashuwa, murya mai kaifin baki.Ya tsaya tsayin ƙafa shida, tsayin inch ɗaya, nauyin kilo 160, kuma yana da gemun baki mai kauri, hanci mai kaifi, da tabarau na waya. Ya yi magana a sarari, kusan muryar hypnotic."

Bidiyoyin Awlaki da rubuce -rubucensa sun ci gaba da shahara a yanar gizo, inda ake ci gaba da samun su cikin sauƙi.^[32] Wadanda suka kalli kuma har yanzu suna kallon bidiyonsa dan jarida Scott Shane ya ƙiyasta adadin su a cikin daruruwan dubbai,^[33] yayin da mahaifinsa Dokta Nasser Awlaqi ke cewa "an sayar da kaset na wa'azi na Anwar Awlaqi miliyan biyar a Yammacin Turai."^[34] Kuma ta haka ne, ko da bayan mutuwarsa, Awlaki ya ci gaba da ba da himma ga masu bautar sa don kai hare -haren ta’addanci, da suka haɗa da harin Boston na Marathon na shekarar 2013, harin San Bernardino na 2015, da harbin gidan rawa na Orlando na 2016.^[35][36] Dangane da Tsarin Tsattsauran ra'ayi (CEP), Awlaki ya yi tasiri 88 "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi," 54 a Amurka da 34 a Turai.^[32][37]

Saboda "aikinsa ya yi wahayi zuwa ga makirci da hare-hare marasa iyaka," CEP ta yi kira "a YouTube da sauran dandamali don dakatar da Mr. Abubuwan Awlaki, gami da farkon laccocinsa."^[35][38]

Ilimin addinin Islama na Al-Awlaki ya kasance na yau da kullun ne, kuma ya ƙunshi watanni na tsaka-tsaki tare da malamai daban-daban suna karantawa da yin tunani game da ayyukan ilimin addinin Musulunci. Wasu malaman musulmai sun ce ba su fahimci shahararen al-Awlaki ba, saboda yayin da yake magana da Ingilishi sosai kuma saboda haka zai iya isa ga masu sauraron da ba na Larabci ba, bai sami horo da karatu na Musulunci ba.

Ayyukan rubutu

• 44 Ways to Support Jihad: Essay (Janairu 2009). A ciki, al-Awlaki ya bayyana cewa "ƙin kuffar shine babban jigon aqidar sojan mu" kuma ya zama tilas dukkan musulmai su shiga jihadi, ko ta hanyar aikata ayyukan da kansu ko tallafawa wasu masu yin hakan. Ya ce dole ne dukkan musulmai su kasance cikin koshin lafiya don su kasance cikin shiri don rikici. A cewar jami’an na Amurka, ana daukar ta a matsayin babban rubutu ga membobin al-Qaeda.
• Al-Awlaki wrote for Jihad Recollections, wallafe-wallafen kan layi na Ingilishi wanda Media Al-Fursan ta buga.
• Allah is Preparing Us for Victory – gajeren littafi (2009).

Darussa

• Lectures on the book Constants on the Path of Jihad by Yusef al-Ayeri— ya shafi jihadi mara jagora.
• A cikin 2009, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta sami bidiyon 1,910 da aka sanya a YouTube. An kalli ɗayansu sau 164,420.
• The Battle of Hearts and Minds
• The Dust Will Never Settle Down
• Dreams & Interpretations
• The Hereafter—16 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Life of Muhammad: Makkan Period—16 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Life of Muhammad: Medinan Period—Lecture in 2 Parts—18 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Lives of the Prophets (AS)—16 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA): His Life & Times—15 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Umar ibn al-Khattāb (RA): His Life & Times—18 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• 25 Promises from Allah to the Believer—2 CDs—Noor Productions
• Companions of the Ditch & Lessons from the Life of Musa (AS)—2 CDs—Noor Productions
• Remembrance of Allah & the Greatest Ayah—2 CDs—Noor Productions
• Stories from Hadith—4 CDs—Center for Islamic Information and Education ("CIIE")
• Hellfire & The Day of Judgment—CD—CIIE
• Quest for Truth: The Story of Salman Al-Farsi (RA)—CD—CIIE
• Trials & Lessons for Muslim Minorities—CD—CIIE
• Young Ayesha (RA) & Mothers of the Believers (RA)—CD—CIIE
• Understanding the Quran—CD—CIIE
• Lessons from the Companions (RA) Living as a Minority—CD—CIIE
• Virtues of the Sahabah— jerin laccar bidiyo da Gidauniyar al-Wasatiyyah ta inganta