Durrës
Durrës birni ne na biyu mafi girma a Albaniya.[1] A shekarar 2011, tana da yawan jama'a 175,110.[2]
Durrës | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Durrësi (sq) | |||||
Wuri | |||||
| |||||
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Albaniya | ||||
County of Albania (en) | Durrës County (en) | ||||
Babban birnin | |||||
Yawan mutane | |||||
Faɗi | 113,249 (2011) | ||||
• Yawan mutane | 2,445.98 mazaunan/km² | ||||
Labarin ƙasa | |||||
Yawan fili | 46.3 km² | ||||
Altitude (en) | 0 m | ||||
Bayanan tarihi | |||||
Mabiyi | Epidamnos (en) | ||||
Muhimman sha'ani | Siege of Dyrrhachium (en) | ||||
Bayanan Tuntuɓa | |||||
Lambar aika saƙo | 2000 | ||||
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | |||||
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho | 052 | ||||
Wasu abun | |||||
Yanar gizo | durres.gov.al |
Garin yana kan wurin zama na Romawa na Dyrrachium. Bayan 323 BC Epidamnus-Dyrrhachium ya shiga cikin shiga cikin Illyria na Makidoniya a ƙarƙashin Cassander, wanda ya yi karo da Illyrians a ƙarƙashin Glaukias.Wataƙila birnin mai yiwuwa ƙarƙashin ikon Pyrrhus na Epirus a farkon ƙarni na 3 BC.[3]
Kamar yawancin sauran Balkans, Dyrrachium da kewayen Dyrraciensis lardin sun sha wahala sosai daga hare-haren barebari a lokacin Hijira. Theodoric the Great, sarkin Ostrogoths ya kewaye shi a cikin 481, kuma a cikin ƙarni da suka biyo baya dole ne ya kawar da kai hare-hare daga Bulgariawa. Maras tasiri da faduwar Daular Rum ta Yamma ba, birnin ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin daular Byzantine a matsayin muhimmiyar tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma babbar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Daular da yammacin Turai.[4]
A cikin ƙarni na 11-12, birnin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin ƙarfafa soja da kuma Metropolitan duba maimakon a matsayin babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki kuma bai taba murmurewa marigayi tsohuwar wadata.[5]
A cikin 1205, bayan yaƙin Crusade na huɗu, an mayar da birnin zuwa mulkin Jamhuriyar Venice, wanda ya kafa "Duchy of Durazzo".[6]
A farkon karni na 14, haɗin gwiwar Anjous, Hungariyawa, da Albaniyawa na dangin Thopia ne ke mulkin birnin.[7]
Durrës ya zama batu mai mahimmanci na ciniki tare da Jamhuriyar Venice, musamman a cikin hatsi da man zaitun, kamar yadda karamin jakadan Venetia a birnin ya ruwaito a shekara ta 1769.[8]
Durrës birni ne mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar 'yanci da ƙasar Albaniya a cikin lokutan 1878-1881 da 1910-1912. Ismail Qemali ya ɗaga tutar Albaniya a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1912 amma Masarautar Sabiya ta mamaye birnin bayan kwanani uku lokacin Yaƙin Balkan na Farko. A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1912 Durrës ya zama gundumar gundumar Durrës ɗaya daga cikin lardunan Masarautar Sabiya wacce aka kafa a ɓangaren ƙasar Albaniya wacce ta mamaye daular Usmaniyya.[9]
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, Italiya ta mamaye birnin a cikin 1915 da kuma Austriya-Hungary a cikin 1916-1918.[10]
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, Durrës da sauran Albaniya an mamaye su a cikin Afrilu 1939 kuma an haɗa su zuwa Mulkin Italiya har zuwa 1943, sannan Nazi Jamus ya mamaya har zuwa kaka 1944.[11]
Gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta Enver Hoxha ta sake gina birnin cikin hanzari bayan yakin, tare da kafa manyan masana'antu iri-iri a yankin tare da fadada tashar jiragen ruwa.[12]
Bayan rugujewar mulkin gurguzu a 1990, Durrës ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan ƙaura daga Albaniya tare da sace jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa kuma suka tashi da bindiga zuwa Italiya.[13]
Bayan farkon karni na 21, an sake farfado da Durrës yayin da aka gyara tituna da yawa, yayin da wuraren shakatawa da facade suka fuskanci tashin fuska.[14]
Hotuna
- Mosaics at a Basilica within the Amphitheatre of Durrës
- Venetian Tower of Durrës
- Albanian College of Durrës
- Church of Saint Asti and Apostle Paul in Durrës
- Ancient Walls in Durrës
- Am Amphitheatre of Durrës