The Roulette was developed in 18th century France[9] from a primitive form created by Blaise Pascal (17th century).[10] In 1843, Louis and François Blanc introduced the single 0 style roulette wheel.
Many other gambling games and card games (including the French suits around 1480)[11] were invented in France, some from earlier games :
Bal-musette: a style of French instrumental music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1880s. Although it began with bagpipes as the main instrument, this instrument was replaced with accordion, on which a variety of waltzes, polkas, and other dance styles were played for dances.
Ambient music: as an early 20th-century French composer, Erik Satie used such Dadaist-inspired explorations to create an early form of ambient/background music that he labeled "furniture music" (Musique d'ameublement). This he described as being the sort of music that could be played during a dinner to create a background atmosphere for that activity, rather than serving as the focus of attention.
Fauvism: a style of art pioneered by early 20th-century French modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.
Modern stethoscope.Insulin pump, showing an infusion set loaded into spring-loaded insertion device.
Lamarckism, the first cohesive theory of evolution[89] as well as a theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, laid out by French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809. Long dismissed in favour of Darwinism, recent developments in the field of epigenetics have led scientists to debate whether Lamarckism was, in fact, correct to an extent.[90]
Blood transfusion by Jean-Baptiste Denys on June 15, 1667.[92] and first modern transfusion by Émile Jeanbrau on October 16, 1914 (after the first non-direct transfusion performed on March 27, 1914, by the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin).
Discovery of osmosis in 1748 by Jean-Antoine Nollet.[95] The word "osmosis" descends from the words "endosmose" and "exosmose", which were coined by French physician René Joachim Henri Dutrochet (1776–1847) from the Greek words ένδον (endon : within), έξο (exo : outside), and ωσμος (osmos : push, impulsion).
Hand transplantation on September 23, 1998, in Lyon by a team assembled from different countries around the world including Jean-Michel Dubernard who, shortly thereafter, performed the first successful double hand transplant.[126]
Submarine : The first submarine not relying on human power was the French Plongeur (meaning diver), launched in 1863, and using compressed air at 180 psi (1241 kPa).[146]
Minié rifle by Claude-Étienne Minié, first reliable (easy to load) muzzle-loading rifle in 1849.[205][206] In the artillery, from 1859, the La Hitte rifled guns were a considerable improvement over the previous smooth-bore guns which had been in use,[207] able to shoot at 3,000 meters either regulars shells, ball-loaded shells or grapeshot. They appear to have been the first case of usage of rifled cannons on a battlefield.[208]
Sonar, first ultrasonic submarine detector using an electrostatic method (and first practical military sonar) in 1916-1917 by Paul Langevin (with Constantin Chilowsky).[217]
Tanks : developed at the same time (1915–1916) in France and in Great Britain. France was the second country to use tanks on the battlefield (after Great Britain). in 1916, the first practical light tank, the Renault FT with the first full 360° rotation turret became, for armour historian Steven Zaloga "the world's first modern tank".[218]
Communication and computers
A Chappe semaphore tower near Saverne, FranceMinitel
On 22 July 1894 the newspaper Le Petit Journal organised the world's first competitive motor race from Paris to Rouen. The first finisher was Count Jules-Albert de Dion but his steamer was ineligible, so the 'official' victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot.
Flyboard in 2012 by Franky Zapata.[267] Another version, the Flyboard Air, an air-propelled hoverboard,[268] achieved a Guinness World Record for farthest flight by hoverboard in April 2016.[269]
Kitesurf aka flysurf in the 1990s by Manu Bertin and ski mountain derivatives
Trophée Jules Verne since 1985 by Yves Le Cornec the fastest circumnavigation of the world (under 80 days) by any type of sailing yacht with no restrictions on the size of the crew
24 Heures du Mans translated 24 Hours Le Mans since 1923 the world's oldest active sports car race in endurance racing
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