ഫലകം:Infobox carbon

Carbon, ₀₀C

Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
രൂപാന്തരങ്ങൾ	graphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
Appearance	graphite: black diamond: clear
Carbon ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടികയിൽ
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ C ↓ Si boron ← carbon → nitrogen
ഗ്രൂപ്പ്	group 14 (carbon group)
പിരീഡ്	period 2
ബ്ലോക്ക്	p-block
ഇലക്ട്രോൺ വിന്യാസം	[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell	2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Sublimation point	3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[1] graphite: 2.267 g/cm3 diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
ത്രിക ബിന്ദു	4600 K, ​10,800 kPa[2][3]
ദ്രവീ‌കരണ ലീനതാപം	graphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	graphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K) diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[4] +2, +3,[5] +4[6] (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
അയോണീകരണ ഊർജം	1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol (more)
കൊവാലന്റ് റേഡിയസ്	sp3: 77 pm sp2: 73 pm sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
Spectral lines of carbon
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന	graphite: ​simple hexagonal (black)
ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന	diamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic (clear)
Speed of sound thin rod	diamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	diamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[7]
താപചാലകത	graphite: 119–165 W/(m⋅K) diamond: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	graphite: 7.837 µΩ⋅m[8]
കാന്തികത	diamagnetic[9]
കാന്തികക്ഷമത	−5.9·10−6 (graph.) cm3/mol[10]
Young's modulus	diamond: 1050 GPa[7]
Shear modulus	diamond: 478 GPa[7]
ബൾക്ക് മോഡുലസ്	diamond: 442 GPa[7]
Poisson ratio	diamond: 0.1[7]
Mohs hardness	graphite: 1–2 diamond: 10
സി.എ.എസ് നമ്പർ	graphite: 7782-42-5 diamond: 7782-40-3
History
Discovery	Egyptians and Sumerians[11] (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier[12] (1789)
Isotopes of carbon കാ • [{{fullurl:Template:{{{template}}}|action=edit}} തി]
Template:infobox carbon isotopes does not exist
വർഗ്ഗം: Carbon view talk edit | references

Four of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

• <ref name="CRC" /> for the source CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
• <ref name="triple2" /> for the source by Haaland
• <ref name="triple3" /> for the Savvatimskiy
• <ref name="ioffe" /> for the Ioffe Institute Database

ഫലകം:വിവരണം/ഭാഗം