Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, kent as caustic soda an aw,[1][2] or lye, is an inorganic compoond wi the chemical formula NaOH (written as NaHO an aw). It is a white solit, an is a heichly caustic metallic base an alkali saut. It is available in pellets, flakes, granules, an as prepared solutions at a nummer o different concentrations.[4] Sodium hydroxide furms an approximately 50% (bi wecht) saturatit solution wi watter.[5]
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name Sodium hydroxide[3] | |
Seestematic IUPAC name Sodium oxidanide | |
Ither names | |
Identifiers | |
CAS Nummer | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
EC Nummer | 215-185-5 |
Gmelin Reference | 68430 |
KEGG | |
MeSH | Sodium+Hydroxide |
PubChem CID | |
RTECS nummer | WB4900000 |
UNII | |
UN nummer | 1823 |
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SMILES
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Properties | |
NaOH | |
Molar mass | 39.9971 g mol−1 |
Appearance | White, waxy, opaque crystals |
Odour | odorless |
Density | 2.13 g/cm3 |
Meltin pynt | 318 °C (604 °F; 591 K) |
Bylin pynt | 1,388 °C (2,530 °F; 1,661 K) |
Solubility in watter | 111 g/100 mL (at 20 °C) |
Solubility in methanol | 23.8 g/100 mL |
Solubility in ethanol | <<13.9 g/100 mL |
Vapour pressur | <2.4 kPa (at 20 °C) |
Acidity (pKa) | 13 |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.3576 |
Hazards | |
GHS pictograms | |
NFPA 704 | 0 3 1 ALK |
Relatit compoonds | |
Ither anions | Sodium hydrosulfide |
Ither cations | Caesium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide |
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
verify (whit is ?) | |
Infobox references | |
Sodium hydroxide is soluble in watter, ethanol an methanol. This alkali is deliquescent an readily absorbs moistur an carbon dioxide in air.
Sodium hydroxide is uised in mony industries, maistly as a strang chemical base in the manufacture o pulp an paper, textiles, drinkin watter, saips an detergents an as a drain cleaner. Warldwide production in 2004 wis approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand wis 51 million tonnes.[6]