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Following the abdication of Amadeo I on 10 February 1873, the short-lived First Republic (1873–74) had four heads of state (officially, Presidents of the Executive Power): Estanislao Figueras, Pi i Margall, Nicolás Salmerón, and Emilio Castelar.^[2]

Chủ tịch hội đồng hành pháp Đệ nhất Cộng hòa

Chân dung	Tên	Bắt đầu	Kết thúc	Đảng phái
	Estanislao Figueras	12 February 1873	11 June 1873	Democratic Federal Republican Party
	Francesc Pi i Margall	11 June 1873	18 July 1873	Democratic Federal Republican Party
	Nicolás Salmerón	18 July 1873	7 September 1873	Progressive Party
	Emilio Castelar	7 September 1873	3 January 1874	Republican Possibilist Party

On the eve of the pronunciamiento. (coup d'état) of 3 January 1874, General Pavia sent for Francisco Serrano y Domínguez take to the leadership. Serrano took the title of president of the executive and he continued at the end of December 1874 when the Bourbons were restored by another pronunciamiento.

Portrait	Name	Term start	Term end
	Francisco Serrano y Domínguez	3 January 1874	30 December 1874

Following the abdication of Alfonso XIII on 14 April 1931, there was no official head of state, meaning that the Prime Minister was, in effect, the highest office in the land. Niceto Alcalá-Zamora assumed the new role of President of the Republic, the effective head of state, after the approval of the new Constitution in December 1931. Manuel Azaña remained as Prime Minister, head of the government, until 12 September 1933.

Presidents (Prime Ministers) of the Provisional Government of the Republic

	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora	14 April 1931	14 October 1931	Liberal Republican Right
	Manuel Azaña	14 October 1931	11 December 1931	Republican Action

Presidents of the Republic

	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora	11 December 1931	7 April 1936	Liberal Republican Right
	Diego Martínez Barrio (interim)	7 April 1936	11 May 1936	Republican Union (Popular Front)
	Manuel Azaña	11 May 1936	3 March 1939	Republican Left (Popular Front)

With Franco's victory imminent, a National Council of Defense was established to negotiate a peace settlement with the Nationalists. By this point, Franco effectively had military control of the whole country.

Presidents of the National Council of Defense (Republican Zone)

	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Segismundo Casado (interim)	4 March 1939	13 March 1939	Military
	José Miaja	13 March 1939	27 March 1939	Military

Fall of the Republic

On 27 February 1939, after both France and the United Kingdom had recognised Franco's military victory, President Manuel Azaña, exiled in France, resigned. The following week, the so-called Casado's Coup against Prime Minister Negrín's government^[3] led to the creation of the National Defence Council which attempted, unsuccessfully to negotiate terms, with Franco breaking off talks motu proprio.^[4] Following Franco's final offensive at the end of March 1939, the Republic fell.

Bản mẫu:Presidents of Spain