1222

By place

Asia

• The Ghurid dynasty capital of Firozkoh (in modern-day Afghanistan) is destroyed, by Mongol Emperor Ögedei Khan.^[1][2][3]

• After the invasion and destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire in 1221, Genghis Khan returns to Mongolia, and a rebellion sparks in Helmand, to which the response is a large army led by Ögedei Khan sent into the region to put an end to the rebellion of Muhammad the Marghani, resulting in the killing of every man in Ghazni and Helmand, and the enslavement and selling of most of the women of the region.

• Genghis Khan’s armies were said to have killed approximately 1.6 million people in the city of Herat, in Northwestern Afghanistan.^[4]

Mesoamerica

• Chiconquiauhtzin becomes Ruler of the City-state Azcapotzalco at the Valley of Mexico^[5][6]

Europe

• April 17 – Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury in England, opens a council at Osney Abbey, Oxford.^[7][8][9]
• May 9 – Synod of Oxford - The 1222 Christian Synod of Oxford passed anti-Semitic laws that forbade social interactions between Jews and Christians, placed a specific tithe on Jews and required them to wear an identifying badge.^{[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]}
• May 11 – 1222 Cyprus earthquake.^[20][21]
• August – After the death of John I of Sweden on March 10, 6-year-old Erik Eriksson is elected new King of Sweden (sometime between this time and July 1223).^[22][23]
• December 15 – The Golden Bull of 1222 is issued in Hungary, limiting the power of the monarchy over the nobility.^[24][25][26]
• December 25 – The 1222 Brescia earthquake is so powerful that the inhabitants of Brescia leave their city en masse and camp outside so that falling buildings would not crush them, according to chronicler Salimbene de Adam.^[27]
• Livonian Crusade – The Danish fail in their attempt to conquer Saaremaa Island from the Estonians.^[28]
• Ottokar I of Bohemia reunites Bohemia and Moravia.^[29][30]
• The Cistercian convent in Alcobaça, Portugal, is completed.^[31][32]
• Approximate date – The Royal Standard of Scotland is adopted.^[33]
• Traditional date – The University of Padua is founded in Italy, by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.^[34][35]

• February 16 – Nichiren, founder of Nichiren Buddhism (d. 1282)^[36][37]
• August 4 – Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (d. 1262)^[38][39]
• Andrei II of Russia, Grand Prince of Vladimir (d. 1264)^{[citation needed]}
• Queen Jeongsun (Wonjong) of Korea (d. 1237)^{[citation needed]}

• February 1 – Alexios Megas Komnenos, first Emperor of Trebizond^[40][41]
• March 10 – Johan Sverkersson, king of Sweden since 1216 (b. 1201)^[42][43]
• June 23 – Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1179)^[44][45]
• August 2 – Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (b. 1156)^[46][47]
• August 12 – Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia^[48][49]
• Theodore I Lascaris, founder of the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea^[50][51]