1532

January–June

• January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Brazil.^[1]
• March 18 – The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by the Speaker of the House of Commons.^[2] Henry responds by stating that the commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament is prorogued until April 10.
• April – Battle of Quipaipan in Peru: Atahualpa wins the civil war in the Inca Empire, defeating his brother Huáscar.^[3][4]
• May 13 – Francisco Pizarro lands on the northern coast of Peru.^[5]
• May 16 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.^[6]
• June 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent leads another invasion of Hungary.

July–December

• July 23 – The Nuremberg Religious Peace is granted to members of the Schmalkaldic League, granting them religious liberty.^[7]
• August 13 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.^[8]
• August 5–30 – Siege of Güns: The Ottoman army under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent fails to take the city of Güns, and due to the incoming raining weather and reinforcements from Charles V to Vienna, Suleiman's army retreats.
• September 1 – Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.^[9]
• November 16 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca emperor Atahualpa at Cajamarca, ambushing and slaughtering a large number of his followers, without loss to themselves.^[10] He subsequently offers a ransom of approximately $50 million in gold.^[11]

Date unknown

• The Prince is published, five years after the death of the author, Niccolò Machiavelli.^[12]
• Pantagruel is published by François Rabelais.^[13]
• Henry VIII of England grants the Thorne brothers a Royal Charter to found Bristol Grammar School.^[14][15]
• Stamford School is founded in England by William Radcliffe.^[16][17]
• The Paris Parlement has the city's beggars arrested "to force them to work in the sewers, chained together in pairs".^[18]
• Possible date for the Battle of the Maule between Incas and Mapuches, according to historian Osvaldo Silva.^[19]

• January 21 – Ludwig Helmbold, German classical singer (d. 1598)^[20]
• February 14 – Richard Lowther, English soldier and official (d. 1607)^[21]
• February 19 – Jean-Antoine de Baïf, French poet and member of the Pléiade (d. 1589)^[22]
• March 20 – Juan de Ribera, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1611)^[23]
• March 25 – Pietro Pontio, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1596)^[24]
• April 21 – Martin Schalling the Younger, German theologian (d. 1608)^[25][26]
• April 23 – Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (d. 1568)^[27]
• June 1 – Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (d. 1605)^[28]
• June 6 – Giulio Antonio Santorio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)^[29]
• June 7 – Amy Robsart, wife of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1560)^[30]
• June 13 – Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern, countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (d. 1579)^[31]
• June 16 – Francis Coster, Brabantian Jesuit theologian, author (d. 1619)^[32]
• June 24
  • Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (probable;^[33] d. 1588)
  • William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, German Protestant leader (d. 1592)^[34]
• July 12 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (d. 1565)
• July 25 – Alphonsus Rodriguez, Spanish Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)^[35]
• August 14 – Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, Member of the House of Habsburg (d. 1590)^[36]
• October 4 – Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Jesuit cardinal (d. 1596)^[37][38]
• October 30 – Yuri of Uglich, Prince of Uglich (d. 1563)^[39]
• November 16 – Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Abbess of Gandersheim, later Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1595)^[40]
• November 22 – Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585)^[41]
• December 7 – Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein (d. 1605)^[42]
• December 20
  • John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1586)^[43]
  • Orazio Samacchini, Italian painter (d. 1577)^[44]
• December 26 – Guilielmus Xylander, German classical scholar (d. 1576)
• date unknown
  • Robert Abercromby, Scottish Jesuit missionary (d. 1613)^[45]
  • William Allen, English cardinal (d. 1594)^[46]
  • Hernando Franco, Spanish composer (d. 1585)^[47]
  • Luís Fróis, Portuguese missionary (d. 1597)^[48]
  • Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer (d. 1592)^[49]
  • John Hawkins, English navigator and slave trader (d. 1595)^[50]
  • Étienne Jodelle, French dramatist and poet (d. 1573)^[51]
  • Ralph Lane, English explorer (d. 1603)^[52]
  • Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1585)^[53]
  • Thomas Norton, English lawyer (d. 1584)^[54]
  • Tulsidas, medieval Hindi poet and philosopher (d. 1623)
  • Flavio Orsini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1581)^[55]
  • Thomas Lucy, English politician (d. 1600)^[56]
• probable
  • Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian portrait painter (d. 1625)^[57]
  • Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (d. 1594)^[58]

• May – Elizabeth Stafford, Countess of Sussex
• June – Bernardino Luini, Italian painter (b. 1482)
• June 28 – Pompeo Colonna, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1479)^[59]
• July 8 – Andrea Riccio, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1470)^[60]
• August 11 – John of Denmark, Danish prince (b. 1518)^[61]
• August 16 – John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)^[62]
• August 19 – Caritas Pirckheimer, German nun (b. 1467)^[63]
• August 22 – William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)^[64]
• September – Vlad VI Înecatul, Prince of Wallachia^[65]
• October 1 – Jan Mabuse, Flemish painter^[66]
• December 2 – Louis Gonzaga (Rodomonte), Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. 1500)^[67]
• December 3 – Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532 (b. 1502)^[68]
• December 12 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)^[69]
• December 13 – Solomon Molcho, Portuguese mystic (b. 1500)^[70]
• December 30 – Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Polish noble (b. 1467)^[71]
• date unknown
  • Jeanne de la Font, French poet and culture patron (b. 1500)^[72]
  • Huáscar, 12th Inca Emperor^[73]