1827 in the United States

Federal government

• President: John Quincy Adams (DR/NR-Massachusetts)
• Vice President: John C. Calhoun (D-South Carolina)
• Chief Justice: John Marshall (Virginia)
• Speaker of the House of Representatives:

John W. Taylor (DR-New York) (until March 4)

Andrew Stevenson (D-Virginia) (starting December 3)

• Congress: 19th (until March 4), 20th (starting March 4)

• February 28 – The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is incorporated, becoming the first railroad in America offering commercial transportation of both people and freight.
• March 12 – In Brown v. Maryland, the United States Supreme Court ruled that imported goods in their original package are under federal jurisdiction and thus not subject to state regulation.
• March 16 – Freedom's Journal, the first African-American owned and published newspaper in the United States, is founded in New York City by John Russwurm.
• May 21 – The Maryland Democratic Party is founded by supporters of Andrew Jackson in Baltimore and hosts its first meeting at the Baltimore Atheneum.
• September 3 – Ho-Chunk leader Red Bird surrenders to U.S. officials, ending the Winnebago War.
• J. J. Audubon's The Birds of America commences publication in the United Kingdom.
• The original Delmonico's restaurant opens in Manhattan.
• The first English translation of Christopher Columbus' journal by Samuel Kettell is published in Boston.^[1]
• John Neal opens the first public gymnasium in the United States founded by an American in Portland, Maine.^[2]

• January 17 – Samuel Hartt Pook, Boston naval architect (died 1901)
• February 17 – Rose Terry Cooke, fiction writer and poet (died 1892)
• March 25 – Stephen Luce, admiral (died 1917)
• April 10 – Lew Wallace, Union general in the American Civil War, politician and novelist (died 1905)
• May 10 – William Windom, U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1870 to 1881 and from 1881 to 1883 (died 1891)
• May 21 – William P. Sprague, Ohio politician (died 1899)
• May 23 – Milton Latham, U.S. Senator from California from 1860 to 1863 (died 1882)
• May 27 – Samuel F. Miller, politician (died 1892)
• June 7 – Alonzo J. Edgerton, U.S. Senator from Minnesota in 1881 (died 1896)
• June 9 – Francis Miles Finch, judge, poet and academic (died 1907)
• June 10 – Thomas W. Ferry, U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1871 to 1883 (died 1896)
• July 11 – Austin Corbin, railroad executive and robber baron (died 1896)
• July 13 – Hugh O'Brien, 31st Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (died 1895)
• July 19 – Orville H. Platt, U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1879 to 1905 (died 1905)
• August 3 – John Williams Tobey, architect, carpenter and builder (died 1909)
• August 6 – George Franklin Drew, 12th Governor of Florida (died 1900)
• September 18 – John Townsend Trowbridge, author (died 1916)
• September 26 – Daniel W. Voorhees, U.S. Senator from Indiana from 1877 to 1897 (died 1897)
• September 28 – Aaron A. Sargent, journalist and lawyer, U.S. Senator from California from 1873 to 1879 (died 1887)
• September 30 – Ellis H. Roberts, politician (died 1918)
• October 12 – Josiah Parsons Cooke, chemist (died 1894)
• October 13 – Robert Crozier, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1873 to 1874 (died 1895)
• November 10 – J.T. Wamelink, Dutch-born composer (died 1910)
• November 26 – Ellen G. White, née Harmon, Adventist (died 1915)
• Date unknown – Asahel C. Beckwith, U.S. Senator from Wyoming in 1893 (died 1896)

• February 22 – Charles Willson Peale, portrait painter (born 1741)
• February 23 – Felipe Enrique Neri, Texas legislator, colonizer (born 1759)
• April 24 – Israel Pickens, U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1821 to 1825 (born 1780)
• April 29
  • Rufus King, lawyer, politician and diplomat (born 1755)
  • Deborah Sampson, first American female soldier (born 1760)
• May 29 – Carlos Wilcox, poet (born 1794)
• September 23 – Freeman Walker, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1819 to 1821 (born 1780)
• October 12 – John Eager Howard, politician (born 1752)
• November 10 – St. George Tucker, lawyer and poet (born 1752 in Bermuda)
• November 25 – Enoch Fenwick, Jesuit priest (born 1780)

• Timeline of United States history (1820–1859)

• Media related to 1827 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons