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1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections

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The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.

1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1870 & 1871November 5, 1872[a]1874 & 1875 →
All 292 seats in the United States House of Representatives
147 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
 
LeaderJames G. BlaineFernando Wood
PartyRepublicanDemocratic
Leader's seatMaine 3rdNew York 10th
Last election138 seats94 seats
Seats won19984
Seat changeIncrease 61Decrease 9
Popular vote3,561,0902,813,934
Percentage51.40%40.62%
SwingIncrease 3.26%Decrease 2.77%
 Third partyFourth party
 
PartyLiberal RepublicanConservative
Last election2 seats10 seats
Seats won44
Seat changeIncrease 2Decrease 6
Popular vote274,693126,329
Percentage3.97%1.82%
SwingIncrease 3.07%Decrease 1.05%
 Fifth party
 
PartyIndependent
Last election1 seat[b]
Seats won1[c]
Seat changeSteady
Popular vote151,757
Percentage2.19%
SwingIncrease 0.45%
Map of U.S. House elections results from 1872 elections for 43rd Congress
Speaker before election

James G. Blaine
Republican

Elected Speaker

James G. Blaine
Republican

Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.

Election summaries

Following the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats,[1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment.

This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[3]

↓
89203
DemocraticRepublican
StateTypeTotal seatsDemocraticRepublican
SeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
AlabamaDistrict
+ 2 at-large		8 22 16[d] 3
ArkansasDistrict
+ at-large		4 10 14[d] 2
CaliforniaDistrict4 11 13
Connecticut[e]District4 1 3
DelawareAt-large1 0 11 1
FloridaAt-large2 10 2 1
GeorgiaDistrict9 27 32 1
IllinoisDistrict19 55 114 6
Indiana[f]District
+ 3 at-large		13 23 210 4
IowaDistrict9 30 9 3
KansasAt-large3 20 3 2
KentuckyDistrict10 110 10
LouisianaDistrict
+ 1 at-large		6 10 6[d] 1
Maine[f]District5 0 5
MarylandDistrict6 14 12 2
MassachusettsDistrict11 10 11 1
MichiganDistrict9 30 19 4
MinnesotaDistrict3 10 3 1
MississippiDistrict6 11 15
MissouriDistrict13 49 54 1
Nebraska[f]At-large1 0 1
NevadaAt-large1 1 0
New Hampshire[e]District3 1 22 2
New JerseyDistrict7 21 16 3
New YorkDistrict
+ 1 at-large		33 29 724 9
North Carolina[f]District8 15 3 1
Ohio[f]District20 16 114[d]
Oregon[f]At-large1 0 11 1
Pennsylvania[f]District
+ 3 at-large		27 35 622 9
Rhode IslandDistrict2 0 2
South CarolinaDistrict
+ 1 at-large		5 10 5 1
TennesseeDistrict
+ 1 at-large		10 23 37 5
TexasDistrict
+ 2 at-large		6 26 30 1
Vermont[f]District3 0 3
VirginiaDistrict9 15 4 1
West Virginia[f]District3 2[c] 1
WisconsinDistrict8 22 6 2
Total292 4989[c]
30.5%		 13203[g]
69.5%		 62
30.5%
Popular vote
Republican
 
52.85%
Democratic
 
41.76%
Lib. Republican
 
4.08%
Conservative
 
1.87%
Independent
 
2.25%
Others
 
0.00%
House seats
Republican
 
67.92%
Democratic
 
29.01%
Lib. Republican
 
1.37%
Conservative
 
1.37%
Independent
 
0.34%

Election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[4] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:

Special elections

Alabama

Arkansas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arkansas 1James M. HanksDemocratic1870Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Arkansas 2Oliver P. SnyderRepublican1870Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 3Thomas Boles[h]Republican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Arkansas at-largeNoneVacant since 32nd Congress (Civil War and Reconstruction)
New member elected.
Liberal Republican gain.

California

A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
RepresentativePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
California 1None (new district)New district.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 2Aaron Augustus SargentRepublican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Horace F. Page (Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌Paschal Coggins (Democratic) 48.2%
California 3John M. CoghlanRepublican1871Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
California 4Sherman O. Houghton
Redistricted from the 1st district.		Republican1871Incumbent re-elected.

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
RepresentativePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida at-large
2 seats on a general ticket		Josiah T. WallsRepublican1870Incumbent re-elected.
None (New seat)New seat.
Republican gain.

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

In the newly formed at-large district, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana.[6] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi 1George E. HarrisRepublican1869Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 2Joseph L. MorphisRepublican1869Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Albert R. Howe (Republican) 63.94%
  • ▌William A. Alcorn (Democratic) 35.42%
  • Scattering 0.64%[8]
Mississippi 3Henry W. BarryRepublican1869Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Henry W. Barry (Republican) 69.14%
  • ▌W. S. Bolling (Democratic) 29.59%
  • Scattering 1.27%[9]
Mississippi 4None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Jason Niles (Republican) 83.38%
  • ▌S. T. Oldham (Unknown) 11.87%
  • ▌[FNU] Harmon (Unknown) 4.18%
  • ▌W. B. Shelby (Unknown) 0.57%[10]
Mississippi 5Legrand W. PerceRepublican1869Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
George C. McKee
Redistricted from the 4th district.		Republican1869Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.

Missouri

Nebraska

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nebraska at-largeJohn TaffeRepublican1866Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
RepresentativePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates[14]
Ohio 1Ozro J. DoddsDemocratic1872 (special)Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 2Job E. StevensonRepublican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Liberal Republican gain.
Ohio 3Lewis D. CampbellDemocratic1870Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 4John F. McKinneyDemocratic1870Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 5Charles N. LamisonDemocratic1870Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 6John Armstrong SmithRepublican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 7Samuel ShellabargerRepublican1870Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
John Thomas Wilson
Redistricted from the 11th district.		Republican1866Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 8John BeattyRepublican1868 (special)Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 9George W. Morgan
Redistricted from the 13th district.		Democratic1868Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 10Charles Foster
Redistricted from the 9th district.		Republican1870Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Charles Foster (Republican) 51.2%
  • ▌Rush R. Sloane (Democratic) 48.8%
Erasmus D. PeckRepublican1870 (special)Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Ohio 11None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.
Ohio 12Philadelph Van TrumpDemocratic1866Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Hugh J. Jewett (Democratic) 58.8%
  • ▌James Taylor (Republican) 41.2%
Ohio 13None (new district)New district.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 14James MonroeRepublican1870Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Y John Berry (Democratic) 57.9%
  • ▌Thomas E. Douglas (Republican) 42.1%
Ohio 15William P. SpragueRepublican1870Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 16John BinghamRepublican1864Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 17Jacob A. AmblerRepublican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 18William H. UpsonRepublican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 19James A. GarfieldRepublican1862Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee at-largeHorace Maynard
Redistricted from the 2nd district.		Republican1865New district.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 1Roderick R. ButlerRepublican1867Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2Abraham E. Garrett
Redistricted from the 3rd district.		Democratic1870Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 3None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 4John M. BrightDemocratic1870Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5Edward I. GolladayDemocratic1870Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 6Washington C. WhitthorneDemocratic1870Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7Robert P. CaldwellDemocratic1870Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 55.63%
  • ▌W. W. Murray (Republican) 37.70%
  • ▌W. E. Travis (Democratic) 6.67%[22]
Tennessee 8William W. VaughanDemocratic1870Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y David A. Nunn (Republican) 37.90%
  • ▌A. W. Campbell (Democratic) 29.83%
  • ▌William P. Caldwell (Democratic) 22.38%
  • ▌T. H. Bell (Democratic) 9.89%[23]
Tennessee 9None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
West Virginia 1John J. DavisDemocratic1870Incumbent re-elected.
Independent Democratic gain.
West Virginia 2James McGrewRepublican1868Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John Hagans (Republican) 82.40%
  • ▌Arthur R. Boeteler (Republican) 9.27%
  • ▌W. H. Lanon (Independent) 6.11%
  • ▌J. B. Walker (Independent) 1.89%
  • ▌O. P. Downey (Independent) 0.34%[26]
West Virginia 3Frank HerefordDemocratic1870Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[28][29]

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wisconsin 1None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 2Gerry Whiting HazeltonRepublican1870Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3J. Allen BarberRepublican1870Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y J. Allen Barber (Republican) 58.2%
  • ▌Allen Warden (Liberal Republican) 41.8%
Wisconsin 4Alexander Mitchell
Redistricted from the 1st district.		Democratic1870Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 5Charles A. Eldredge
Redistricted from the 4th district.		Democratic1862Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6Philetus Sawyer
Redistricted from the 5th district.		Republican1864Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 7Jeremiah McLain Rusk
Redistricted from the 6th district.		Republican1870Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 8None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates

Colorado Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Colorado Territory at-largeJerome B. ChaffeeRepublican1870Incumbent re-elected.

Dakota Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Dakota Territory at-largeMoses K. ArmstrongIndependent Democratic1870Incumbent re-elected.
Democratic gain.

Idaho Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho Territory at-largeSamuel A. MerrittDemocratic1870Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Montana Territory

Results by county:
  Maginnis
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Clagett
  •   50–60%
  No Data
DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Montana Territory at-largeWilliam H. ClagettRepublican1871Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Wyoming Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wyoming Territory at-largeWilliam T. JonesRepublican1870Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

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