1980 Republican Party presidential primaries

From January 21 to June 3, 1980, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1980 United States presidential election. Retired Hollywood actor and two-term California governor Ronald Reagan was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the Republican National Convention held from July 14 to 17, 1980, in Detroit, Michigan.

1980 Republican Party presidential primaries

← 1976January 21 to June 3, 19801984 →

1,990 delegates to the 1980 Republican National Convention
996 (majority) votes needed to win
 
CandidateRonald ReaganGeorge H. W. BushJohn B. Anderson
Home stateCaliforniaTexasIllinois
Delegate count1,40725059
Contests won427 + DC + Puerto Rico0
Popular vote7,709,7933,070,0331,572,174
Percentage59.79%23.81%12.19%

     Reagan      Bush      Uncommitted

Previous Republican nominee

Gerald Ford

Republican nominee

Ronald Reagan

Background

As the 1980 presidential election approached, incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter appeared vulnerable. High gas prices, economic stagflation, a renewed Cold War with the Soviet Union following the invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iran hostage crisis that developed when Iranian students seized the American embassy in Tehran all contributed to a general dissatisfaction with Carter's presidency; his job approval rating sank to below 20 percent in late-1979 as a result. Consequently, the president faced stiff Democratic primary challenges from Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy and California Governor Jerry Brown. A large field of Republican challengers also emerged.

Candidates

Nominee

CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaign

Withdrawal date

Popular voteContests wonRunning mate
Ronald Reagan Governor of California
(1967–1975)

California

(CampaignPositions)
Secured nomination:
May 24, 1980
7,709,793
(59.79%)
44George Bush

Withdrew during primaries

CandidateMost recent officeHome stateCampaign

Withdrawal date

Popular voteContests won
George H. W. Bush Director of Central Intelligence Agency
(1976–1977)

Texas

Campaign
Withdrew: May 26

(endorsed Ronald Reagan, nominated for vice president)
3,070,033

(23.81%)

8

CT, DC, IA, ME, MA, MI, PA, PR

John Anderson U.S. Representative
from Illinois
(1961–1981)

Illinois

Withdrew: April 24

(ran as independent)
1,572,174

(12.19%)

None
Howard Baker U.S. Senator
from Tennessee

(1967–1985)

Tennessee

Withdrew: March 5
(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
181,153

(1.41%)

None
Phil Crane U.S. Representative
from Illinois
(1969–2005)

Illinois

Withdrew: April 17
[1]
(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
97,793

(0.76%)

None
John Connally Secretary of the Treasury
(1971–1972)

Texas

Withdrew: March 9
(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
82,625

(0.64%)

Won 1 delegate from Arkansas (Ada Mills)
Ben FernandezU.S. Special Envoy to Paraguay (1973)

California

Withdrew: March 30

(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
25,520

(0.20%)

None
Harold Stassen Director of the United States Foreign Operations Administration
(1953–1955)

Pennsylvania
[data missing]25,425

(0.20%)

None
Bob Dole U.S. Senator
from Kansas
(1969–1996)

Kansas

Withdrew: March 15
7,204

(0.06%)

None

Withdrew before primaries

Withdrawn major candidates for the 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries
NameBornExperienceHome stateCampaign
announced
Campaign
suspended
CampaignRef.

Larry Pressler
March 29, 1942
(age 37)
Humboldt, South Dakota
U.S. Senator from South Dakota
U.S. Representative from South Dakota
 South Dakota[data missing]January 8, 1980[citation needed]

Lowell Weicker
May 16, 1931
(age 48)
Paris, France
United States Senator from Connecticut
 Connecticut[data missing]May 16, 1979[citation needed]

Declined to run

The following potential candidates declined to run for the Republican nomination in 1980.[2][3]

Polling

National polling

Poll sourcePublication date
John Anderson
Howard Baker
George Bush
John Connally
Bob Dole
Gerald Ford
Ronald Reagan
Others
Gallup[5]Aug. 19778%20%33%3%
Gallup[5]Apr. 197811%4%4%40%30%4%
Gallup[5]July 19789%1%5%4%37%31%5%
Gallup[5]Dec. 19781%9%1%6%1%24%40%11%[a]
Gallup[5]Apr. 19792%8%1%12%1%26%31%11%[b]
Gallup[5]May 197910%8%3%27%28%
Gallup[5]June 19790%11%0%5%0%29%37%5%
Gallup[5]July 19793%11%1%9%2%27%32%15%[c]
Gallup[5]Aug. 19791%10%3%8%1%21%29%16%[d]
Gallup[5]Nov. 19791%14%2%10%3%22%33%15%[e]
Gallup[5]Nov. 19790%11%5%8%3%24%40%
Gallup[5]Dec. 19791%9%7%10%4%18%40%10%[f]
Gallup[5]Jan. 19803%9%9%9%0%27%33%
Gallup[5]Jan. 19800%6%28%7%0%18%29%
Gallup[5]Feb. 19802%6%17%4%1%32%34%3%[g]
Gallup[5]Feb. 19803%7%16%25%44%

Primary race

Ronald Reagan, who had narrowly lost the 1976 Republican nomination to President Gerald Ford, was the early odds-on favorite to win the nomination in 1980. He was so far ahead in the polls that campaign director John Sears decided on an "above the fray" strategy. He did not attend many of the multi-candidate forums and straw polls in the summer and fall of 1979.

George H. W. Bush, the former director of the Central Intelligence Agency and chairman of the Republican National Committee, did go to all the so-called "cattle calls", and began to come in first at a number of these events. Along with the top two, a number of other Republican politicians entered the race.

In January 1980, the Iowa Republicans decided to have a straw poll as a part of their caucuses for that year. Bush defeated Reagan by a small margin. Bush declared he had "the Big Mo", and with Reagan boycotting the Puerto Rico primary in deference to New Hampshire, Bush won the territory easily, giving him an early lead going into New Hampshire.

With the other candidates in single digits, the Nashua Telegraph offered to host a debate between Reagan and Bush. Worried that a newspaper-sponsored debate might violate electoral regulations, Reagan subsequently arranged to fund the event with his own campaign money, inviting the other candidates to participate at short notice. The Bush camp did not learn of Reagan's decision to include the other candidates until the debate was due to commence. Bush refused to participate, which led to an impasse on the stage. As Reagan attempted to explain his decision, Jon Breen, the editor of the Nashua Telegraph and debate moderator, ordered Bob Malloy, the volume operator, to mute Reagan's microphone. When Malloy refused, Breen repeated his order. A visibly angry Reagan responded, "I am paying for this microphone, Mr. Green!" [sic] (referring to the editor and debate moderator Jon Breen).[6][7][8] Eventually the other candidates agreed to leave, and the debate proceeded between Reagan and Bush. Reagan's quote was often repeated as "I paid for this microphone!" and dominated news coverage of the event; Reagan sailed to an easy win in New Hampshire.[9]

Ronald Reagan delivering his acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan, on July 17, 1980.

Lee Bandy, a writer for the South Carolina newspaper The State stated that heading into the South Carolina primary, political operative Lee Atwater worked to engineer a victory for Reagan: "Lee Atwater figured that Connally was their biggest threat here in South Carolina. So Lee leaked a story to me that John Connally was trying to buy the black vote. Well, that story got out, thanks to me, and it probably killed Connally. He spent $10 million for one delegate. Lee saved Ronald Reagan's candidacy."[10]

Reagan swept the South, and although he lost five more primaries to Bush—including the Massachusetts primary in which he came in third place behind John B. Anderson—the former governor had a lock on the nomination very early in the season. Reagan said he would always be grateful to the people of Iowa for giving him "the kick in the pants" he needed.

Reagan was an adherent to a policy known as supply-side economics, which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created using incentives for people to produce (supply) goods and services, such as adjusting income tax and capital gains tax rates. Accordingly, Reagan promised an economic revival that would benefit all sectors of the population. He said that cutting tax rates would actually increase tax revenues because the lower rates would cause people to work harder as they would be able to keep more of their money. Reagan also called for a drastic cut in "big government" and pledged to deliver a balanced budget for the first time since 1969. In the primaries Bush called Reagan's economic policy "voodoo economics" because it promised to lower taxes and increase revenues at the same time.

Results

Tablemaker's Note:[a]

Date
(daily totals)
ContestTotal
pledged delegates
Delegates won and popular vote
Ronald ReaganGeorge BushJohn B. AndersonHoward BakerPhil
Crane
John ConnallyBob DoleOthersUncommitted
January 21Iowa
Caucus
[11]
106,608
0 (of 38)31,348
(29.40%)
33,530
(31.45%)
4,585
(4.30%)
16,773
(15.73%)
7,135
(6.69%)
9,861
(9.25%)
1,576
(1.48%)
1,800
(1.69%)
February 2Arkansas
District Conventions[12]
12 (of 19)6 Del.1 Del.4 Del.1 Del.
February 16Arkansas
State Convention[13]
7 (of 19)1 Del.1 Del.1 Del.4 Del.
February 17Puerto Rico
Primary[14]
187,946
14 (of 20)14 Del.
112,901
(60.07%)
70,025
(37.26%)
2,039
(1.08%)
457
(0.24%)
2,524[b]
(1.34%)
February 26New Hampshire
Primary
[15]
146,782
23 (of 23)15 Del.
72,734
(49.55%)
5 Del.
33,304
(22.69%)
14,622
(9.96%)
2 Del.
18,760
(12.78%)
2,633
(1.79%)
2,215
(1.51%)
608
(0.41%)
1,906 WI[c]
(1.30%)
March 1Iowa
County Conventions[16]
2,902 CDs
0 (of 38)925 CDs
(31.87%)
1,150 CDs
(39.63%)
64 CDs
(2.21%)
322 CDs
(11.10%)
91 CDs
(3.14%)
127 CDs
(4.38%)
2 CDs
(0.07%)
221 CDs
(7.62%)
March 4Massachusetts
Primary[17]
400,826
42 (of 42)13 Del.
115,334
(28.77%)
14 Del.
124,365
(31.03%)
13 Del.
122,987
(30.68%)
2 Del.
19,366
(4.82%)
4,669
(1.16%)
4,714
(1.18%)
577
(0.14%)
6,571 WI[d]
(1.64%)
2,243
(0.56%)
Vermont
Primary[18]
65,611
0 (of 19)19,720
(30.06%)
14,226
(21.68%)
19,030
(29.00%)
8,055
(12.28%)
1,238
(1.89%)
884 WI
(1.35%)
2,458 WI[e]
(3.75%)
March 8South Carolina
Primary[19]
145,501
25 (of 25)25 Del.
79,549
(54.67%)
21,569
(14.82%)
773
(0.53%)
43,113
(29.63%)
117
(0.08%)
380 [f]
(0.26%)
March 11
(126)
Alabama
Primary[20]
211,353
27 (of 27)18 Del.
147,352
(69.72%)
9 Del.
54,730
(25.90%)
1,963
(0.93%)
5,099
(2.41%)
1,077
(0.51%)
447
(0.21%)
685 [g]
(0.32%)
Florida
Primary[21]
614,995
51 (of 51)51 Del.
345,699
(56.21%)
185,996
(30.24%)
56,636
(9.21%)
6,345
(1.03%)
12,000
(1.95%)
4,958
(0.81%)
1,086
(0.18%)
2,275 [h]
(0.37%)
Georgia
Primary[22]
200,171
36 (of 36)36 Del.
146,500
(73.18%)
25,293
(12.64%)
16,853
(8.42%)
1,571
(0.78%)
6,308
(3.15%)
2,388
(1.19%)
249
(0.12%)
1,009 [i]
(0.50%)
March 18Illinois
Pres. Primary[23]
1,130,081
0 (of 92)547,355
(48.44%)
124,057
(10.98%)
415,193
(36.74%)
7,051
(0.62%)
24,865
(2.20%)
4,548
(0.40%)
1,843
(0.16%)
5,169 [j]
(0.46%)
Illinois
Del. Primary[24]
92 (of 92)46 Del.2 Del.26 Del.4 Del.
March 25Connecticut
Primary[25]
182,284
35 (of 35)14 Del.
61,735
(33.87%)
15 Del.
70,367
(38.60%)
6 Del.
40,354
(22.14%)
2,446
(1.34%)
1,887
(1.04%)
598
(0.33%)
333
(0.18%)
308 [k]
(0.17%)
4,256
(2.33%)
New York
Del. Primary[26][27]
117 (of 123)72 Del.6 Del.1 Del.38 Del.
April 1Kansas
Primary[28]
285,398
35 (of 35)20 Del.
179,739
(62.98%)
4 Del.
35,838
(12.56%)
5 Del.
51,924
(18.19%)
3,603
(1.26%)
1,367
(0.48%)
2,067
(0.72%)
4,134 [l]
(1.45%)
6,726
(2.36%)
Wisconsin
Primary[29]
907,853
34 (of 34)28 Del.
364,898
(40.19%)
276,164
(30.42%)
6 Del.
248,623
(27.39%)
3,298
(0.36%)
2,951
(0.33%)
2,312
(0.26%)
7,012 WI[m]
(0.77%)
4,951
(0.29%)
April 5Louisiana
Primary[30]
42,397
29 (of 29)29 Del.
31,256
(73.72%)
8,066
(19.02%)
820 [n]
(1.93%)
2,255
(5.32%)
April 17North Dakota
State Convention[31]
28 (of 28)12 Del.1 Del.4 Del.
April 19Maine
State Convention[32]
21 (of 21)17 Del.4 Del.
Minnesota
District Conventions[o][33]
6 (of 34)6 Del.
April 20Alaska
State Convention[34]
19 (of 19)19 Del.
April 22Pennsylvania
Pres. Primary[35]
1,241,411
0 (of 83)527,916
(42.53%)
626,759
(50.49%)
26,890 WI
(2.17%)
30,846
(2.49%)
10,656
(0.86%)
18,344 [p]
(1.48%)
Pennsylvania
Del. Primary[35]
76 (of 83)76 Del.[q]
Vermont
Caucus[36]
979 SDs[r]
0 (of 19)318 SDs
(32.48%)
67 SDs
(6.84%)
13 SDs
(1.33%)
April 26Minnesota
District Conventions[s][37]
3 (of 34)3 Del.
Missouri
District Conventions[t][38][39]
15 (of 37)15 Del.
May 3Arizona
State Convention[40]
28 (of 28)28 Del.
Minnesota
District Conventions[u][41]
12 (of 34)4 Del.8 Del.
Missouri
District Conventions[v][39]
15 (of 37)15 Del.
Oklahoma
State Convention[40]
28 (of 28)28 Del.
Texas
Primary[42]
526,769
80 (of 80)65 Del.
268,798
(50.49%)
15 Del.
249,819
(47.43%)
8,152
(1.55%)
May 6Washington, D.C.
Pres. Primary[43]
7,529
0 (of 14)4,973
(66.05%)
2,025
(26.90%)
261 [w]
(3.47%)
Washington, D.C.
Del. Primary[43]
14 (of 14)14 Del.
Indiana
Primary[42]
568,313
56 (of 56)56 Del.
419,016
(73.73%)
92,955
(16.36%)
56,342
(9.91%)
North Carolina
Primary[44]
168,391
40 (of 40)30 Del.
113,854
(67.61%)
10 Del.
36,631
(21.75%)
8,542
(5.07%)
2,543
(1.51%)
547
(0.33%)
1,107
(0.66%)
629
(0.37%)
4,538
(2.70%)
Tennessee
Primary[44]
195,210
32 (of 32)24 Del.
144,625
(74.09%)
8 Del.
35,274
(18.07%)
8,722
(4.47%)
16 WI
(0.01%)
1,574
(0.81%)
1 WI
(0.00%)
629
(0.37%)
22 WI[x]
(0.01%)
4,976
(2.55%)
May 10Wyoming
State Convention[45]
19 (of 19)16 Del.3 Del.
May 13Maryland
Primary[46]
167,303
30 (of 30)15 Del.
80,557
(48.15%)
15 Del.
68,389
(40.88%)
16,244
(9.71%)
2,113
(1.26%)
Nebraska
Primary[46]
205,203
25 (of 25)25 Del.
155,995
(76.02%)
31,380
(15.29%)
11,879
(5.79%)
1,062
(0.52%)
1,420
(0.69%)
3,467 [y]
(1.69%)
May 17Hawaii
State Convention[47]
14 (of 14)14 Del.
May 20
(116)
Michigan
Primary[48]
595,176
82 (of 82)29 Del.
189,184
(31.79%)
53 Del.
341,998
(57.46%)
48,947
(8.22%)
4,782[z]
(0.80%)
10,265
(1.73%)
Oregon
Primary[48]
315,366
29 (of 29)18 Del.
170,449
(54.05%)
11 Del.
109,210
(34.63%)
32,118
(10.18%)
2,324
(0.74%)
1,265 WI
(0.40%)
May 17Delaware
State Convention[49]
21 (of 21)4 Del.6 Del.2 Del.
May 25Vermont
State Convention[50]
19 (of 19)16 Del.3 Del.
May 27Idaho
Primary[51]
134,879
17 (of 21)15 Del.
111,868
(82.94%)
5,416
(4.02%)
2 Del.
13,130
(9.74%)
1,024
(0.76%)
3,441
(2.55%)
Kentucky
Primary[52]
94,795
27 (of 27)27 Del.
78,072
(82.36%)
6,861
(7.24%)
4,791
(5.05%)
1,987 [aa]
(2.10%)
3,084
(3.25%)
Nevada
Primary[53]
47,395
17 (of 17)14 Del.
39,352
(83.03%)
1 Del.
3,078
(6.49%)
2 Del.
4,965
(10.48%)
May 30Minnesota
State Convention[54]
10 (of 34)10 Del.
May 31Colorado
District Conventions[ab][55]
3 (of 31)3 Del.
Missouri
State Convention[56]
7 (of 37)7 Del.
June 3California
Primary[57]
2,564,072
168 (of 168)168 Del.
2,057,923
(80.26%)
125,113
(4.88%)
349,315
(13.62%)
21,465
(0.84%)
10,256 [ac]
(0.40%)
Mississippi
Del. Primary[58]
25,751
22 (of 22)22 Del.
23,028
(89.43%)
2,105
(8.17%)
618
(2.40%)
Montana
Primary[58]
79,473
0 (of 20)68,794
(86.56%)
7,665
(9.65%)
New Jersey
Pres. Primary[59]
277,977
0 (of 66)225,959
(81.29%)
47,447
(17.07%)
4,571 [ad]
(1.64%)
New Jersey
Del. Primary[59]
79,473
66 (of 66)63 Del.2 Del.1 Del.
New Mexico
Primary[60]
59,546
22 (of 22)22 Del.
37,982
(63.79%)
5,892
(9.90%)
4,412
(7.41%)
2,742 [ae]
(4.60%)
1,347
(2.26%)
Ohio
Primary[61]
856,773
77 (of 77)77 Del.
692,288
(80.80%)
164,485
(19.20%)
Rhode Island
Primary[57]
5,335
13 (of 13)12 Del.
3,839
(71.96%)
1 Del.
993
(18.61%)
155 [af]
(2.91%)
348
(6.52%)
South Dakota
Primary[62]
82,905
22 (of 22)22 Del.
72,861
(87.89%)
3,691
(4.45%)
987 [ag]
(1.19%)
5,366
(6.47%)
West Virginia
Pres. Primary[57]
138,016
0 (of 18)115,407
(83.62%)
19,509
(14.14%)
3,100 [ah]
(2.25%)
West Virginia
Del. Primary[57]
138,016
18 (of 18)15 Del.3 Del.
June 6Iowa
District Conventions[63][64]
30 (of 37)17 Del.13 Del.
Washington
State Convention[65]
37 (of 37)34 Del.1 Del.1 Del.1 Del.
June 7Colorado
State Conventions[ai][66]
28 (of 31)28 Del.
Iowa
State Convention[64]
7 (of 30)4 Del.3 Del.
June 8Montana
State Convention[67]
20 (of 20)20 Del.
June 28Idaho
State Convention[68]
4 (of 21)4 Del.
Utah
State Convention[69]
21 (of 21)21 Del.
1,990 delegates
12,894,286 votes
1,407
7,709,793
(59.79%)
250
3,070,033
(23.81%)
59
1,572,174
(12.19%)
8
181,153
(1.41%)
4
97,793
(0.76%)
1
82,625
(0.64%)
0
7,204
(0.06%)
0
5,702,278
(52.64%)
156
112,560
(0.87%)

The Republican National Convention was held in Detroit, Michigan, from July 14 to 17, 1980.

Endorsements

Ronald Reagan

John B. Connally Jr.

George H. W. Bush

John B. Anderson

Howard Baker

Phil Crane

See also

Notes

References