The 1st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election (held the previous year). It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election. 37 Members of the House of Representatives (MHRs) represented 24 electorates.
| 1st Parliament of New Zealand | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
 | |||
| Overview | |||
| Legislative body | New Zealand Parliament | ||
| Term | 24 May 1854 – 15 September 1855 | ||
| Election | 1853 New Zealand general election | ||
| Government | Fitzgerald Executive (1854) Forsaith Executive (from 1854) | ||
| House of Representatives | |||
| Members | 37 | ||
| Speaker of the House | Sir Charles Clifford | ||
| Leader of the Executive Delegation | Thomas Forsaith from 1854 James FitzGerald in 1854 | ||
| Legislative Council | |||
| Members | 16 | ||
| Speaker of the Council | Frederick Whitaker — William Swainson until 8 August 1855 | ||
| Sovereign | |||
| Monarch | HM Victoria | ||
| Governor | HE Rt Hon. Colonel Thomas Browne from 6 September 1855 | ||
Parliamentary sessions
The Parliament sat for three sessions:[1]
| Session | from | to |
|---|---|---|
| First | 24 May 1854 | 17 Aug 1854 |
| Second | 31 Aug 1854 | 16 Sep 1854 |
| Third | 8 Aug 1855 | 15 Sep 1855 |
New Zealand had not yet obtained responsible government (that is, the power to manage its own affairs), and so the 1st Parliament did not hold any significant power.
The 1st Parliament was held before the creation of either political parties or the office of Premier. There were, however, appointments made to the Executive Council (the formal institution upon which Cabinet is based).[2] From 14 June 1854 to 2 August 1854, there was a four-person cabinet, New Zealand's first ministry, led by James FitzGerald, with Henry Sewell, Frederick Weld, and Thomas Bartley (a fifth member, Dillon Bell, also joined for a short time). Then, from 31 August 1854 to 2 September 1854, there was another four-person cabinet led by Thomas Forsaith, with James Macandrew, William Travers, and Jerningham Wakefield. Some historians consider FitzGerald and Forsaith to be New Zealand's first Prime Ministers, but neither held any formal leadership role and since "responsible government" had not yet been obtained, they had little real power. Henry Sewell, appointed shortly after the 2nd New Zealand Parliament opened, is more often considered to have been the first Prime Minister.[3]
On 17 August 1854 when the newly convened House of Representatives met, Administrator of the Government (acting Governor) Robert Wynyard was proposing to prorogue the General Assembly as he had not received authority from London. Sewell wanted to continue the debate and the suspension of standing orders was moved. The minority "Wakefieldites" (followers of Edward Gibbon Wakefield) opposed the move and tried to leave so that there would not be two-thirds of members present. This led to a violent turn when Sewell was reported to have pounced on the member for Nelson James Mackay and seized him by the throat. Suspension was moved an hour later when some members of the absent majority returned. Mackay was later found guilty of gross and premeditated contempt. There were moves to find the member from Dunedin James Macandrew guilty of contempt for entering the house with his hat on, but this was withdrawn.[4]
The 1st Parliament consisted of thirty-seven representatives representing twenty-four electorates.[3] Two regions of the colony (the inland regions of the lower North Island and the northwest corner of the South Island) were not part of any electorate, and so were not represented.
Electoral boundaries for the 1st Parliament
Initial composition of the 1st Parliament
Changes during term
There were few changes during the term of the 1st Parliament, with only three by-elections being held. There were six resignations and one death during 1855, and those seats remained vacant for the remainder of the term.
| By-election | Electorate | Date | Incumbent | Reason | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1854 | Town of Nelson | 19 June | William Travers[22] | Resignation | Samuel Stephens[34] |
| 1854 | Waimea | 21 June | William Cautley[28] | Resignation | William Travers[22] |
| 1854 | City of Auckland | 4 August | Thomas Bartley[6] | Resignation | William Brown[35] |
- Christchurch Country
Stuart-Wortley resigned on 18 July 1855. His seat remained vacant.
- City of Auckland
Bartley resigned on 11 July 1854. He was replaced by William Brown, who was elected on 4 August 1854.
- City of Wellington
Kelham resigned on 3 August 1855. His seat remained vacant.
- Dunedin Country
Cutten resigned on 23 July 1855. His seat remained vacant.
- Hutt
Ludlam resigned on 9 July 1855. His seat remained vacant.
- Town of Nelson & Waimea
Cautley, MP for Waimea, and Travers, MP for Town of Nelson, both resigned on 26 May 1854. Travers subsequently contested the Waimea seat that Cautley had vacated, being elected on 21 June. Travers' own Nelson seat was won by Samuel Stephens on 19 June. Stephens died on 26 June 1855. His seat remained vacant.
- Wairau
Weld resigned on 13 June 1855. His seat remained vacant.
- Wanganui and Rangitikei
Featherston resigned on 9 August 1855. His seat remained vacant.
Notes
References
- King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand (20 ed.). Auckland: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, David; Rankin, Carol (1998). Tales of Two Contempts. Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. ISBN 0-477-01812-2.