Ariana Afghan Airlines

Ariana Afghan Airlines Co. Ltd. (Pashto: د آريانا افغان هوايي شرکت; Dari: هواپیمایی آریانا), also known simply as Ariana, is the flag carrier and largest airline of Afghanistan.[3][4] Founded in 1955, Ariana is the oldest airline in the country and is state owned.[5] The company has its main base at Kabul International Airport, from which it operates domestic flights and international connections to destinations in China, India, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. The carrier is headquartered in Shāre Naw district, Kabul.[6][7] Ariana Afghan Airlines has been on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union since October 2006 (2006-10).

Ariana Afghan Airlines
هواپیمایی آریانا
د آريانا افغان هوايي شرکت
IATAICAOCallsign
FGAFGARIANA
Founded27 January 1955 (1955-01-27)
HubsKabul International Airport
Secondary hubsKandahar International Airport
Frequent-flyer programReward Club[1]
Fleet size6
Destinations13
Parent companyPashtany Bank
HeadquartersKabul, Afghanistan
Key people
Websitewww.flyariana.com

History

Early years

Postage stamp of Afghanistan from 1965 commemorating the 10th anniversary of Ariana. The logo features an Afghan swallow bird and a blue field representing precious lapis lazuli stones; it was personally designed by the then King of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah.[8]

The airline was set up on 27 January 1955.[9] It was established as Aryana Airlines with the assistance of Indamer Co. Ltd., which initially held a 49% interest, and the government of Afghanistan owned the balance.[10] At the beginning, services were operated to Bahrain, India, Iran, and Lebanon, with a fleet of three Douglas DC-3s.[10] In 1957, Pan American World Airways became the minor shareholder of the airline when it took over the 49% interest from Indamer.[11] Domestic scheduled services started the same year.[11] By April 1960 (1960-04), a fleet of three DC-3s was being used for linking Kabul with Amritsar, Delhi, Jeddah, and Karachi, as well as with some points within Afghanistan, while a single DC-4 operated the Kabul–Kandahar–TehranDamascusBeirutAnkaraPragueFrankfurt service, so-called "Marco Polo" route.[11] In the early 1960s, US$1,100,000 (equivalent to $11,000,000 in 2023) from US aid to Afghanistan was used to capitalise the company.[12]

By March 1970 (1970-03), the airline had 650 employees. At this time, the fleet comprised one Boeing 727-100C, one CV-440, one DC-3 and two Douglas DC-6s that worked on routes serving the Middle East, India, Pakistan, the USSR, and Istanbul, Frankfurt, and London.[13] Domestic services were then operated by Bakhtar Alwatana, which was established by the government in 1967 for this purpose.[14]

An Ariana Afghan Airlines DC-10-30 is seen here on approach to London Heathrow Airport in 1980. Throughout its history, the airline operated a single aircraft of the type that was sold in the mid-1980s, following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.[15]

The carrier's first widebody aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30, entered the fleet in early October 1979 (1979-10).[16] By March 1985 (1985-03), the aircraft fleet consisted of the DC-10 and two Boeing 727-100Cs.[17] In the mid-1980s, during the Soviet–Afghan War, the carrier was forced to sell the DC-10 to British Caledonian, as the Soviets wanted the carrier to fly the Tupolev Tu-154 as a replacement.[15] In October 1985 (1985-10), Ariana was taken over by Bakhtar Afghan Airlines, which became the country's new national airline.[14][18] In 1986, Bakhtar ordered two Tupolev Tu-154Ms;[19] the airline took possession of these aircraft in April 1987 (1987-04).[18] In February 1988 (1988-02), Bakhtar was merged back into Ariana, thus creating an airline which could serve both short and long haul routes.[20][additional citation(s) needed]

Operational crisis

An Ariana Afghan Airlines Tupolev Tu-154M in 1992.

Following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in 1996 and the proclamation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the country faced substantial economic sanctions from the international sector during the Taliban regime. The sanctions, along with the Taliban government's control of the company and the grounding of many of the carrier's international flights, had a devastating effect on the economic health of the company through the 1990s. The fleet was reduced to only a handful of Russian and Ukrainian built An-26s, Yakovlev Yak-40s and three Boeing 727s, which were used on the longest domestic routes. In October 1996, Pakistan provided a temporary maintenance and operational base at Karachi. With no overseas assets, by 1999 Ariana's international operations consisted of flights to Dubai only;[21] also, limited cargo flights continued into China's western provinces. However, sanctions imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 1267 in November 1999 forced the airline to suspend overseas operations.[22][23] In November 2001 (2001-11), Ariana was grounded completely.[24]

According to the Los Angeles Times:[25]

With the Taliban's blessing, Bin Laden effectively had hijacked Ariana, the national civilian airline of Afghanistan. For four years, according to former U.S. aides and exiled Afghan officials, Ariana's passenger and charter flights ferried Islamic militants, arms, cash and opium through the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan. Members of Bin Laden's Al Qaeda terrorist network were provided false Ariana identification that gave them free run of airports in the Middle East.

According to people interviewed by the Los Angeles Times, Viktor Bout's companies helped in running the airline.[26]

21st century

An Ariana Afghan Airlines Airbus A300B4-200 seen on approach to Frankfurt Airport in 2003. With registration YA-BAD this aircraft was written off as a result of an overrun episode at Istanbul Atatürk Airport in March 2007 (2007-03).[27][28]

Following the overthrow of the Taliban government during Operation Enduring Freedom, Ariana began to rebuild its operations in December 2001 (2001-12).[29][30] About a month later, the UN sanctions were finally lifted, permitting the airline to resume international routes again.[31] In 2002, the government of India gave the carrier a gift of three ex-Air India Airbus A300s.[23][32][33] Ariana's first international passenger flight since 1999 landed at Indira Gandhi International Airport in January 2002 (2002-01),[34] followed by routes to Pakistan and Germany in June and October the same year, respectively.[35][36][37] In 2005, India signed an agreement on aviation cooperation with Afghanistan, with Air India training 50 officials for Ariana.[38]

EU ban

Due to safety regulations, Ariana was mostly banned from flying into European Union airspace in March 2006 (2006-03), with the European Commission allowing the carrier to fly only a single France-registered Airbus A310 into the member states;[39][40] the ban was extended to the entire fleet in October of that year.[41] The ban was confirmed in subsequent updates of the list released in late 2009 and March 2010 (2010-03).[42][43] In November 2010 (2010-11), all Afghanistan-registered aircraft were banned from operating in the European Union.[44][45] Ariana is still included in the list as of June 2023.[46]

Taliban takeover

All commercial flights were cancelled following the Taliban taking over the capital city of Kabul in 2021.[47] Domestic flights resumed in September.[48]

Destinations

As of September 2023, Ariana Afghan Airlines served five domestic and eight international destinations in Russia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, India, Pakistan, and China; most of the routes radiate from Kabul.[49]

Fleet

Ariana Afghan Airlines Airbus A310-300
Former Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727-200 Advanced
Former Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 737-800

Current fleet

As of July 2023 the Ariana Afghan Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:[50]

Ariana Afghan Airlines fleet
AircraftIn fleetOrdersPassengers[citation needed]Notes
CYTotal
Airbus A310-300312230230
Boeing 737-40028134142
Boeing 737-50018148156
Total6

Historical fleet

Ariana operated the following equipment all through its history:[51]

Accidents and incidents

According to Aviation Safety Network, as of October 2012 Ariana Afghan Airlines has written off 19 aircraft involved in 13 events, seven of them being deadly. Casualties totaled 154 deaths.[54] The following list includes occurrences that led to at least one fatality, resulted in a write-off of the aircraft involved, or both.

DateLocationAircraftTail numberAircraft damageFatalitiesDescriptionRefs
2 November 1959  GreeceDouglas C-47AYA-AADW/OUn­knownUn­known[55]
21 November 1959 Off BeirutDC-4YA-BAGW/O24/27Crashed shortly after takeoff from Beirut International Airport, during initial climbout. The aircraft was due to operate the second leg of an international scheduled Frankfurt–Beirut–TehranKandaharKabul passenger service as Flight 202.[56]
5 January 1969 LondonBoeing 727-100CYA-FARW/O50Crashed on approach to London Gatwick Airport when attempting to land in dense fog as it descended below the glideslope. Forty-eight people were killed on the plane, as well as two on the ground. The aircraft was completing an international scheduled Kabul–Kandahar–Beirut–Istanbul–Frankfurt–London passenger service as Flight 701.[57]
15 January 1969 KabulDouglas C-47DLYA-BADW/OUn­knownGround collision.[58]
10 December 1988  PakistanAn-26Un­knownW/O25/25The aircraft was shot down by Pakistani fighters when it was flying a domestic Khost–Kabul passenger service.[59]
18 June 1989 ZabolAn-26YA-BAKW/O6/39Crashed into a hill when attempting to land at Zabol Airport following an in-flight opening of the ramp door. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled Kabul–Zaranj passenger service.[60]
1 August 1992 KabulTu-154MYA-TAPW/O0/0Destroyed by a rocket while sitting at Kabul Airport.[61]
28 August 1992 KabulAn-26YA-BANW/OUn­known[62]
11 September 1995 JalalabadAn-26BYA-BAOW/O3/46The aircraft was completing a domestic scheduled Kabul–Jalalabad passenger service when it apparently ran out of fuel, crashing on approach to Jalalabad Airport.[63]
29 October 1997 JalalabadYak-40YA-KAEW/O1Crashed on landing at Jalalabad Airport.[64]
19 March 1998 CharasyabBoeing 727-200YA-FAZW/O45/45Crashed in bad weather into mountainous terrain on approach to Kabul Airport. It was completing the last leg of an international non-scheduled Sharjah–Kabul–Kandahar passenger service.[65][66]
October 2001 KabulAn-12BYA-DAAW/O0/0Destroyed during a U.S. bombing raid.[67]
An-12BKYA-DABW/O0/0[68]
An-24Un­knownW/O0/0[69]
An-24BYA-DAHW/O0/0[70]
An-24RVYA-DAJW/O0/0[71]
Boeing 727-100CYA-FAUW/O0/0[72]
Boeing 727-100CYA-FAWW/O0/0[73]
23 March 2007 IstanbulA300B4-200YA-BADW/O0Overran the runway on landing at Istanbul Atatürk Airport.[27][28][74]
8 May 2014 KabulBoeing 737-4Y0YA-PIBW/O0Slid off the runway on landing at Kabul Airport.[75]

See also

References

  • ^ "On the Trail of a Man Behind Taliban's Air Fleet". Los Angeles Times. 19 May 2002. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. 
  • ^ a b "Ariana A300 overruns while landing at Istanbul Ataturk". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016.
  • ^ a b "Pictures: Ariana A300 skids off Istanbul runway". Flightglobal.com. 23 March 2007. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  • ^ George, Marcus (12 December 2001). "Afghan airline battles for the skies". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016.
  • ^ Johnston, Alan (4 December 2001). "Afghan airline returns to the skies". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016.
  • ^ "Expansion under way as Ariana takes A300". Flightglobal. Flight International. 20 August 2002. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  • ^ "India gifts third airbus to Afghanistan". The Times of India. PTI. 7 March 2003. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  • ^ Ionides, Nicholas (23 July 2002). "Ariana set to take delivery of first Indian A300". Singapore: Flightglobal. Flight International. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  • ^ "Ariana resumes operations with New Delhi flight". The Times of India. PTI. 24 January 2002. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  • ^ "Ariana Afghan back on Western Europe route". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 1 October 2002. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  • ^ "Routes". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 24 September 2002. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Ariana Afghan Airlines has resumed services between Kabul and Frankfurt, via Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates and Istanbul, after a break of 20 years. It has also selected Sharjah as its hub for Middle Eastern and European operations.
  • ^ "Indo-Afghan ties touch new high". The Times of India. PTI. 24 February 2005. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  • ^ "Painted Black: a study of the EU unsafe airlines ban". Flightglobal. London. Flight International. 6 April 2006. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. 
  • ^ Straus, Brian (23 March 2006). "Africa bears brunt of European Union blacklist". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013.
  • ^ Buyck, Cathy (13 October 2006). "EC updates blacklist". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013.
  • ^ "Other News - 12/01/2009". Air Transport World. 2 December 2009. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012.
  • ^ "New EU blacklist features Iran Air, Philippine carriers". Air Transport World. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012.
  • ^ Buyck, Cathy (24 October 2010). "New airlines added to EU blacklist". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 27 January 2011.
  • ^ Hofmann, Kurt (23 November 2010). "EC bans Afghan airlines from European airspace". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011.
  • ^ "The EU Air Safety List" (PDF). European Commission. 7 June 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  • ^ Rasheed, Zaheena; Varshalomidze, Tamila; Gadzo, Mersiha (16 August 2021). "Kabul airport becomes 'crisis point' as Afghans try to flee". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  • ^ "Kabul airport reopens to receive aid, domestic flights restart". Reuters. 4 September 2021. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021.
  • ^ "Route Map". www.flyariana.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  • ^ "Airfleets aviation". www.airfleets.net. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  • ^ "Profile for: Ariana Afghan Airlines". AeroTransport Data Bank. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015.
  • ^ a b c d "Ariana Afghanistan puts bulk of mothballed fleet up for sale". www.ch-aviation.com. 12 April 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  • ^ "Ariana Afghan Airlines - Fleet". Ariana Afghan Airlines - Fleet. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014.
  • ^ "Ariana Afghan Airlines accident record". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-AAD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-BAG at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-FAR at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 3 October 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-AAB at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 10 October 2012.
  • ^ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-BAK at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-TAP at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-BAN at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 September 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-KAE at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 September 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-KAE at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-FAZ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 August 2012.
  • ^ "Ariana Afghan crash". Flightglobal. Flight International. 1 April 1998. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. 
  • ^ Accident description for YA-DAA at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-DAB at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-DAH at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-DAJ at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-FAU at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-FAW at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-BAD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
  • ^ Accident description for YA-PID at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 8 May 2014.
  • External links

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