Avraam Zak

Zak was born to a well-established family in Bobruisk (now in Belarus) in 1829.^[2] Zak was self-taught in mathematics and later in economics, and exhibited an interest in both Hebrew literature and music.^[2] In addition, during his childhood, Zak might have been influenced by the local maskilim, or supporters of the Haskalah (European Jewish enlightenment).^[2]

Zak began his career working for Baron Evzel Ginsburg, first working as a clerk in the liquor store business, working as Ginsburg's chief accountant,^[3] and then working for Baron Ginsburg's bank in Petrograd (St. Petersburg).^[2] In 1871, Zak became the director of the Petersburg Discount Lending Bank, owned by Leopold Kronenberg (who was also Jewish);^[4] this bank emerged became one of the largest banks in Russia under Zak's leadership.^[2] Also, Zak helped build one of Russia's first railroads and built the Libavo–Romni track line, thus allowing development to occur in northwestern Russia.^[2] Due to his deep knowledge of economics, the Russian government sometimes consulted with Zak on economic matters, such as how to prevent a severe financial crisis in the event of war (Zak suggested having the Russian treasury accumulate gold reserves).^[2] Zak was offered the position of Deputy Finance Minister of Russia on condition that he converted to Christianity, but he rejected this offer.^[2]

Throughout his life, Zak supported various Jewish organizations in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) as well as the city's Jewish orphanage and Jewish school.^[2] Also, Zak's home in Petrograd was a popular place for various critics and musicians such as Anton Rubinstein (who was born Jewish).^[2] In addition, one of Zak's most notable acts was to pay the legal fees of Georgian Jews in Kutaisi who were accused of blood libel in 1878-1879.^[5][2]

Avraam Zak died in Hessen, Germany in 1893 while he was travelling abroad for medical treatment.^[2] He was either 63 or 64 years old at the time of his death.^[2]