Ceann Comhairle

The Ceann Comhairle is expected to observe strict impartiality. Despite this, a government usually tries to select a member of its own political party for the position, if it has enough deputies to allow that choice. In order to protect the neutrality of the chair, the Constitution of Ireland provides that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle does not seek re-election as a Teachta Dála (Deputy to the Dáil), but rather is deemed automatically to have been re-elected by their constituency at that general election, unless they are retiring.^[a] As a consequence, the constituency that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle represents elects one fewer TD in a general election than its usual entitlement, but still has the same number of TDs.^[4] Under standing orders, no member of the government or Minister of State may act as Ceann Comhairle or Leas-Cheann Comhairle.

The Ceann Comhairle does not take part in debates, nor do they vote except in the event of a tie. In this event, they generally vote in accordance with the parliamentary conventions relating to the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which tend to amount to voting against motions. The Ceann Comhairle formally opens each day's sitting by reading the official prayer. The Ceann Comhairle is the sole judge of order in the house and has a number of special functions. Specifically, the Ceann Comhairle:

• Calls on members to speak. All speeches must be addressed to the Ceann Comhairle.
• Puts such questions to the house, and supervises and declares the results of divisions.
• Has authority to suppress disorder. To ensure obedience to his rulings the Ceann Comhairle may order members to withdraw from the Dáil or suspend an individual from the House for a period. In the case of great disorder, the Ceann Comhairle can suspend or adjourn the house.
• Rings a bell when deputies are out of order. The bell is a half-sized reproduction of the ancient bell of Lough Lene Castle found at Castle Island, Lough Lene, Castlepollard, County Westmeath in 1881 and now in the National Museum. The reproduction was presented in 1931 by the widow of Bryan Cooper, a former TD.

The Ceann Comhairle is an ex officio member of the Presidential Commission, the Council of State, and the Commission for Public Service Appointments.^[5]

Since the 1937 Constitution, the Ceann Comhairle has been an ex officio member of the Council of State, beginning with Frank Fahy. The earlier presiding officers never served on the Council of State: i.e. those of the Revolutionary Dáil (1919–22: Cathal Brugha, George Noble Plunkett, Eoin MacNeill, and Michael Hayes) and the Free State Dáil (1922–36: Hayes again, before Fahy).

The position of Ceann Comhairle was created on the first day of the Dáil on 21 January 1919, when it was first established as a breakaway revolutionary parliament.^[6] The first Ceann Comhairle was Cathal Brugha, who served for only one day, presiding over the Dáil's first meeting, before leaving the post to become President of Dáil Éireann. The office was continued under the 1922–37 Irish Free State, the constitution of which referred to the office-holder as the "Chairman of Dáil Éireann". The practice of automatically re-electing the Ceann Comhairle in a general election was introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1927.^[4][7][8] The outgoing Ceann Comhairle is returned at the election for their former party.^[9]

Following the abolition on 11 December 1936 of the office of Governor-General, the Ceann Comhairle was assigned some of the former office's ceremonial functions, including signing bills into law and convening and dissolving the Dáil. These powers were transferred to the new office of President of Ireland when a new Constitution came into force on 29 December 1937, being carried out by the Presidential Commission, which included the Ceann Comhairle, until the first president entered office on 25 June 1938. The new Constitution retained the position of Ceann Comhairle and the practice of automatic re-election.

Patrick Hogan retired due to ill health in 1967, and died in 1969 before the following election. Joseph Brennan died in office in 1980. John O'Donoghue resigned the office in 2009 after an expenses scandal. As an ordinary TD he was no longer entitled to be returned automatically at the next general election in 2011, in which he lost his seat.

The Ceann Comhairle was first elected by secret ballot in 2016.^[10]

Under the rules for the election of the Ceann Comhairle, introduced during the 31st Dáil, candidates must be nominated by at least seven other members of Dáil Éireann. Each member may nominate only one candidate. Nominations must be submitted to the Clerk of the Dáil by not later than 6 p.m. on the day before the first day the Dáil meets after the general election in order to be valid, but may be withdrawn at any time up to the close of nominations.^[11]

If more than one candidate is nominated, the Dáil will vote by secret ballot in order of preference after the candidates' speeches, which may not exceed five minutes, with an absolute majority required for victory.^[12] If no candidate wins a majority on first preferences, the individual with the fewest votes will be eliminated and their votes redistributed in accordance with their next highest preference, under the alternative vote voting system.^[11] Eliminations and redistributions will continue until one member receives the requisite absolute majority. Then, the House will vote on a formal motion to appoint the member in question to the position of Ceann Comhairle. The Clerk of the Dáil will be the presiding officer of the House during the election process.

Ceann Comhairle

For each Ceann Comhairle, this tables lists the number of the Dáil, the period in which they held office, their constituencies and their political affiliation immediately prior to their appointment.

Dáil	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Party		Constituency	Ref
1st	Cathal Brugha (1874–1922)		21 January 1919	22 January 1919		Sinn Féin	Waterford County	[13]
	George Noble Plunkett (1851–1948)[b]		22 January 1919	22 January 1919		Sinn Féin	Roscommon North	[14]
	Seán T. O'Kelly (1882–1966)		22 January 1919	16 August 1921		Sinn Féin	Dublin College Green	[15][16]
2nd	Eoin MacNeill (1867–1945)		16 August 1921	9 September 1922		Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)	Londonderry National University[c]	[17]
3rd	Michael Hayes (1889–1976)		9 September 1922	9 March 1932		Cumann na nGaedheal	National University[d]	[18][19]
4th								[20]
5th								[21]
6th								[22]
7th	Frank Fahy (1879–1953)		9 March 1932	13 June 1951		Fianna Fáil	Galway	[23]
8th								[24]
9th							Galway East	[25]
10th								[26]
11th								[27]
12th								[28]
13th							Galway South	[29]
14th	Patrick Hogan (1885–1969)		13 June 1951	7 November 1967		Labour	Clare	[30]
15th								[31]
16th								[32]
17th								[33]
18th								[34][35]
	Cormac Breslin (1902–1978)		14 November 1967[e]	14 March 1973		Fianna Fáil	Donegal South-West	[36]
19th							Donegal–Leitrim	[37]
20th	Seán Treacy (1923–2018)		14 March 1973	5 July 1977		Labour	Tipperary South	[38]
21st	Joseph Brennan (1913–1980)		5 July 1977	13 July 1980		Fianna Fáil	Donegal	[39][40]
	Pádraig Faulkner (1918–2012)		16 October 1980[f]	30 June 1981		Fianna Fáil	Louth	[42]
22nd	John O'Connell (1927–2013)		30 June 1981	14 December 1982		Independent	Dublin South-Central	[43]
23rd								[44]
24th	Tom Fitzpatrick (1918–2006)		14 December 1982	10 March 1987		Fine Gael	Cavan–Monaghan	[45]
25th	Seán Treacy (1923–2018)		10 March 1987	26 June 1997		Independent	Tipperary South	[46]
26th								[47]
27th								[48]
28th	Séamus Pattison (1936–2018)		26 June 1997	6 June 2002		Labour	Carlow–Kilkenny	[49]
29th	Rory O'Hanlon (born 1934)		6 June 2002	14 June 2007		Fianna Fáil	Cavan–Monaghan	[50]
30th	John O'Donoghue (born 1956)		14 June 2007	13 October 2009		Fianna Fáil	Kerry South	[51][52]
	Séamus Kirk (born 1945)		13 October 2009	9 March 2011		Fianna Fáil	Louth	[53]
31st	Seán Barrett (born 1944)		9 March 2011	10 March 2016		Fine Gael	Dún Laoghaire	[54]
32nd	Seán Ó Fearghaíl (born 1960)		10 March 2016 (2016 election) (2020 election)	Incumbent		Fianna Fáil	Kildare South	[55]
33rd								[56]

Leas-Cheann Comhairle

The Leas-Cheann Comhairle holds office as the Deputy Chairperson of Dáil Éireann under Article 15.9.1 of the constitution. In the absence of the Ceann Comhairle, the Leas-Cheann Comhairle deputises and performs the duties and exercises the authority of the Ceann Comhairle in Dáil proceedings.^[57] The Leas-Cheann Comhairle is also elected by secret ballot. The current Leas-Cheann Comhairle is Independent TD Catherine Connolly. She is the first female TD to hold the position. Traditionally, the position was reserved for an Opposition TD.^[58] The role carries the pay and status as a Minister of State.

Dáil	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Party		Constituency	Ref
1st	John J. O'Kelly (1872–1957)		1 April 1919	26 August 1921		Sinn Féin	Louth
2nd	Brian O'Higgins (1882–1963)		26 August 1921	28 February 1922		Sinn Féin	Clare	[59]
3rd	Pádraic Ó Máille (1878–1946)		6 December 1922	23 May 1927		Cumann na nGaedheal	Galway	[18][60]
4th
5th	James Dolan (1884–1955)		1 July 1927	25 August 1927		Cumann na nGaedheal	Leitrim–Sligo
6th	Patrick Hogan (1885–1969)		27 October 1927	8 March 1928		Labour	Clare
	Daniel Morrissey (1895–1981)		2 May 1928	29 January 1932		Cumann na nGaedheal	Tipperary
7th	Patrick Hogan (1885–1969)		15 March 1932	27 May 1938		Labour	Clare
8th
9th
10th	Fionán Lynch (1889–1966)		5 July 1938	12 May 1939		Fine Gael	Kerry South
	Eamonn O'Neill (1882–1954)		31 May 1939	31 May 1943		Fine Gael	Cork West
11th	Daniel McMenamin (1882–1964)		20 October 1943	12 January 1948		Fine Gael	Donegal East
12th
13th	Patrick Hogan (1885–1969)		25 February 1948	7 May 1951		Labour	Clare
14th	Cormac Breslin (1902–1978)		4 July 1951	7 November 1967		Fianna Fáil	Donegal West
15th
16th
17th							Donegal South-West
18th
	Denis Jones (1906–1987)		15 November 1967	5 July 1977		Fine Gael	Limerick West
19th
20th
21st	Seán Browne (1916–1996)		6 July 1977	30 June 1981		Fianna Fáil	Wexford
22nd	Jim Tunney (1924–2002)		7 July 1981	14 December 1982		Fianna Fáil	Dublin North-West
23rd
24th	John Ryan (1927–2014)		15 December 1982	10 March 1987		Labour	Tipperary North
25th	Jim Tunney (1924–2002)		24 March 1987	4 January 1993		Fianna Fáil	Dublin North-West
26th
27th	Joe Jacob (born 1939)		10 February 1993	26 June 1997		Fianna Fáil	Wicklow
28th	Rory O'Hanlon (born 1934)		9 July 1997	6 June 2002		Fianna Fáil	Cavan–Monaghan
29th	Séamus Pattison (1936–2018)		18 June 2002	14 June 2007		Labour	Carlow–Kilkenny
30th	Brendan Howlin (born 1956)		26 June 2007	9 March 2011		Labour	Wexford
31st	Michael Kitt (born 1950)		31 March 2011	10 March 2016		Fianna Fáil	Galway East
32nd	Pat "the Cope" Gallagher (born 1948)		7 July 2016	14 January 2020		Fianna Fáil	Donegal
33rd	Catherine Connolly (born 1957)		23 July 2020	Incumbent		Independent	Galway West

• Cathaoirleach (Chairperson of Seanad Éireann)
• Politics of the Republic of Ireland
• History of the Republic of Ireland
• Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)
• Dáil Éireann (Irish Free State)
• Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly, who is referred to as Ceann Comhairle when Irish is spoken.

Sources

• O'Connor, Tom; O'Halloran, Anthony (2008). "8: An Ceann Comhairle". Politics in a Changing Ireland 1960–2007: A Tribute to Seamus Pattison. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 121–138. ISBN 9781904541691.

Citations

• Official website
• Lough Lene Bell, maquette photo