Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 16th Congress, and sat from 13 July 1930 until 10 February 1934. Its 1st Plenary Session elected the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. The 16th Congress was the first party convention since the 13th Congress which saw no organized opposition, and the first congress in party history in which there was no opposition to the party leadership.[1] Ukrainian historian Oleg Khlevniuk considers the period 1930–1934 to be a "transitional period" between collective leadership (referred to interchangeably by him as oligarchy) and Joseph Stalin's personal dictatorship (autocracy).[2] The removal of Alexei Rykov, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK, the Soviet government), from the Politburo at the 1st Joint Plenary Session of the CC and the Central Control Commission (CCC) has been marked in historic literature as "the definitive Stalinization of that body [Politburo]" according to Khlevniuk.[3]

Central Committee
of the 16th Congress
← 15th
17th →
13 July 1930 – 10 February 1934
Leadership
General SecretaryJoseph Stalin
Second SecretaryVyacheslav Molotov (Jul.– Dec. 1930)
Lazar Kaganovich (1930–1934)
Inner-groupsPolitburo: 10 full & 5 candidates
Secretariat: 5 full & 2 candidates
Orgburo: 11 full & 4 candidates
Candidates
Apparatus
No. of departments7

The Central Committee elected Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee at its 1st Plenary Session.[4] Vyacheslav Molotov served as Stalin's deputy, an informal post referred to by Sovietologists as Second Secretary, and was empowered to manage party business and sign Politburo resolutions when Stalin was away from Moscow.[4] Upon Molotov's appointment as SNK Chairman in December 1930, Lazar Kaganovich took his place as Second Secretary.[5]

This Central Committee composition led the party and the country through the first five-year plan, Syrtsov–Lominadze affair, dekulakization, collectivization of agriculture, Ryutin Affair, Soviet famine of 1932–33 (which has led to accusation of "extermination by hunger" by the Ukrainian state), the beginning of the second five-year plan, purges of the last oppositional elements within the party and heightened repression.

Plenums

The Central Committee was not a permanent institution. It convened plenary sessions. Seven CC plenary sessions and two plenary sessions held in conjunction with the convening of the Central Control Commission were held between the 16th Congress and the 17th Congress. When the CC was not in session, decision-making power was vested in the internal bodies of the CC itself; that is, the Politburo, Secretariat and Orgburo. None of these bodies were permanent either; typically they convened several times a month.[6]

Plenary sessions of the Central Committee
[7]
PlenumDateLength
1st Plenary Session13 July 19301 day
2nd Plenary Session1 December 19301 day
1st Joint Plenary Session17–21 December 19305 days
3rd Plenary Session11–15 June 19315 days
4th Plenary Session28–31 October 19314 days
5th Plenary Session4 February 19321 day
6th Plenary Session28 September – 2 October 19325 days
2nd Joint Plenary Session7–12 January 19336 days
7th Plenary Session25 January 19341 day

Apparatus

Individuals employed by the Central Committee's bureaus, departments and newspapers made up the apparatus between the 16th Congress and the 17th Congress.[8] The bureaus and departments were supervised by the Secretariat, and each secretary (member of the Secretariat) supervised a specific department.[9] The leaders of departments were officially referred to as Heads, while the titles of bureau leaders varied between chairman, first secretary and secretary.[10]

Central Committee Apparatus of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
InstitutionLeaderCyrillicTook officeLeft officeLength of tenureNationalityGender
Accounting DepartmentTimofey SamsonovТимофей Самсонов193210 February 19341 year and 254 daysRussianMale
Administrator of AffairsTimofey SamsonovТимофей Самсонов13 July 193010 February 19343 years and 212 daysRussianMale
Administrative, Enterprise and Trade Union Cadres DepartmentIvan MoskvinИван Москвин13 July 193014 November 1930124 daysRussianMale
Nikolai YezhovНиколай Ежов14 November 193010 February 19343 years and 92 daysRussianMale
Agitation and Mass Campaign DepartmentGrigory KaminskyГригорий Каминский13 July 1930August 193019 daysRussianMale
Klavdiya NikolayevaКлавдия НиколаеваAugust 193019332 years and 304 daysRussianFemale
Agriculture DepartmentLazar KaganovichЛазарь Каганович15 December 193210 February 19341 year and 57 daysRussianMale
BolshevikVilhelm KnorinВильгельм Кнорин13 July 193010 February 19343 years and 212 daysLatvianMale
Central Asian BureauIsaak ZelenskyИсаак Зеленский13 July 1930January 1931172 daysRussianMale
Karl BaumanКарл БауманJanuary 193110 February 19313 years and 40 daysLatvianMale
Culture and Propaganda DepartmentAleksei StetskiiАлексей Стецкий13 July 193010 February 19343 years and 212 daysRussianMale
Institute of Marx–Engels–LeninVladimir AdoratskyВладимир АдоратскийNovember 193110 February 19343 years and 105 daysRussianMale
Organizational-Instruction DepartmentDmitry BulatovДмитрий Булатов13 July 1930July 1931353 daysRussianMale
Joseph MeerzonЖозеф МеерзонJuly 19311932336 daysRussianMale
Pavel PostyshevПа́вел По́стышев1932January 1933214 daysRussianMale
Vladimir PolonskyВладимир ПолонскийJanuary 1933August 1933212 daysRussianMale
PravdaLev MekhlisЛев Мехлис13 July 193010 February 19343 years and 212 daysUkrainianMale
Secret DepartmentIvan TovstukhaИван Товстуха13 July 193022 July 19309 daysUkrainianMale
Alexander PoskrebyshevАлександр Поскрёбышев22 July 193010 February 19343 years and 203 daysRussianMale

Composition

Members

Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
[24][25][26][27]
NameCyrillic15th CC17th CCBirthDeathPMNationalityGenderPortrait
Pyotr AlexeyevПётр АлексеевCandidateReelected189319371914RussianMale
Andrey AndreyevАндрей АндреевOldReelected189519711914RussianMale
Nikolay AntipovНиколай АнтиповOldReelected189419381912RussianMale
Aleksei BadayevАлексей БадаевOldReelected188319511904RussianMale
Karl BaumanКарл БауманOldReelected189219371907LatvianMale
Andrei BubnovАндрей БубновOldReelected188419381903RussianMale
Nikolai BukharinНикола́й Буха́ринOldCandidate188819381906RussianMale
Vlas ChubarВлас ЧубарOldReelected189119391907UkrainianMale
Mikhail ChudovМихаил ЧудовOldReelected189319371913RussianMale
Mikhail ChuvyrinМихаил ЧувыринCandidateReelected188319471903RussianMale
Robert EikheРоберт ЭйхеCandidateReelected189019401905LatvianMale
Yan GamarnikЯн ГамарникOldReelected189419371916UkrainianMale
Filipp GoloshchyokinФилипп ГолощёкинOldNot187619411903RussianMale
Ivan KabakovИван КабаковOldReelected189119371914RussianMale
Lazar KaganovichЛазарь КагановичOldReelected189319911911RussianMale
Mikhail KalininМихаил КалининOldReelected187519461898RussianMale
Mendel KhatayevichМендель ХатаевичCandidateReelected189319371913RussianMale
Sergey KirovСерге́й Ки́ровOldReelected188619341904RussianMale
Vilhelm KnorinВильгельм КноринOldReelected189019381910LatvianMale
Ivan KodatskyИван КодацкийCandidateReelected189319371914UkrainianMale
Nikolay KolotilovНиколай КолотиловOldNot188519371903RussianMale
Nikolay KomarovНиколай КомаровOldCandidate188619371909RussianMale
Joseph KosiorИосиф КосиорOldReelected188919371908PolishMale
Stanislav KosiorСтанислав КосиорOldReelected188919391907PolishMale
Nadezhda KrupskayaНаде́жда Кру́пскаяOldReelected186919391898RussianFemale
Gleb KrzhizhanovskyГлеб Кржижано́вскийOldReelected187219591898RussianMale
Nikolay KubyakНиколай КубякOldCandidate188119371898RussianMale
Valerian KuybyshevВалериан КуйбышевOldReelected188819351904RussianMale
Emanuel KviringЭммануил КвирингOldNot188819371912Volga GermanMale
Dmitry LebedДмитрий ЛебедьNewReelected189319371909RussianMale
Fyodor LeonovФёдор ЛеоновCandidateNot189219381914RussianMale
Semyon LobovСемён ЛобовOldReelected188819371913RussianMale
Vissarion LominadzeВиссарион ЛоминадзеCandidateRemoved189719351917GeorgianMale
Isidore LyubimovИсидор ЛюбимовOldReelected188219371902RussianMale
Dmitry ManuilskyДмитро МануїльськийOldReelected188319591903UkrainianMale
Anastas MikoyanАнаста́с Микоя́нOldReelected189519781915ArmenianMale
Vyacheslav MolotovВячеслав МолотовOldReelected189019861906RussianMale
Ivan MoskvinИван МосквинOldNot189019371911RussianMale
Ivan NosovИван НосовCandidateReelected188819371905RussianMale
Georgy OppokovГеоргий ОппоковOldNot188819381903RussianMale
Mamia OrakhelashviliМамия ОрахелашвилиOldNot188819371903GeorgianMale
Grigol OrdzhonikidzeГриго́рий Орджоники́дзеBy-electionReelected188619371903GeorgianMale
Grigory PetrovskyГриго́рій Петро́вськийOldReelected187819581898UkrainianMale
Osip PiatnitskyОсип ПятницкийOldReelected188219381898RussianMale
Pavel PostyshevГриго́рій Петро́вськийOldReelected188719391904RussianMale
Georgy PyatakovГеоргий ПятаковNewReelected189019391910RussianMale
Jānis RudzutaksЯн РудзутакOldReelected188719381905LatvianMale
Moisei RukhimovichМоисей РухимовичOldReelected188919381913RussianMale
Ivan RumyantsevИван РумянцевOldReelected188619371905RussianMale
Alexei RykovАлексей РыковOldCandidate188119381898RussianMale
Kuzma RyndinКузьма РындинCandidateReelected189319381915RussianMale
Isaak SchwartzИсаак ШварцOldCandidate187919511899UkrainianMale
Boris SheboldayevБорис ШеболдаевNewReelected189519371914RussianMale
Nikolay ShvernikНиколай ШверникOldReelected188819701905RussianMale
Mykola SkrypnykМикола СкрипникOldDied187219331898UkrainianMale
Alexander SmirnovАлександр СмирноOldRemoved187819381898RussianMale
Joseph StalinИо́сиф Ста́линOldReelected187819531898GeorgianMale
Aleksei StetskiiАлексей СтецкийOldReelected189619381915RussianMale
Konstantin StrievskyКонстантин СтриевскийOldCandidate188519381902BelarusianMale
Daniil SulimovДаниил СулимовOldReelected189019371905RussianMale
Sergei SyrtsovСергей СырцовOldRemoved189319371913RussianMale
Aleksandr TolokontsevАлександр ТолоконцевOldNot188919371914RussianMale
Mikhail TomskyМихаил ТомскийOldCandidate188019361904RussianMale
Anton TsikhonАнтон ЦихонCandidateNot188719391906RussianMale
Konstantin UkhanovКонстантин УхановOldReelected189119371907RussianMale
Iosif VareikisИосиф ВарейкисOldReelected189419381913LithuanianMale
Kliment VoroshilovКлимент ВорошиловOldReelected188119691903RussianMale
Yakov YakovlevЯ́ков Я́ковлевNewReelected189619381913UkrainianMale
Isaak ZelenskyИсаак ЗеленскийOldReelected189019371906RussianMale
Andrei ZhdanovАндрей ЖдановCandidateReelected189619481915RussianMale
Ivan ZhukovИван ЖуковOldReelected188919371909RussianMale

Candidates

Candidate Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
[24][25][26][27]
NameCyrillic15th CC17th CCBirthDeathPMNationalityGenderPortrait
Stepan AfanasyevСтепан АфанасьевNewNot189419651912RussianMale
Aleksey AmosovАлексей АмосовNewNot189619371914RussianMale
Naum AntselovichНаум АнцеловичNewNot189519711905RussianMale
Pyotr BaranovПётр БарановCandidateDied189219331912RussianMale
Sergei BergavinovСергей БергавиновNewNot188919371917RussianMale
Nikolai BryukhanovНиколай БрюхановCandidateNot187819381902RussianMale
Ivan BulatИван БулатNewNot189619381912UkrainianMale
Dmitry BulatovДмитрий БулатовNewNot188919411912RussianMale
Anton BulinАнтон БулинNewCandidate189419381914RussianMale
Nikolai ChaplinНиколай ЧаплинCandidateNot190219381919RussianMale
Sergey ChutskayevСергей ЧуцкаевCandidateNot187619441903RussianMale
Alexander DogadovАлександр ДогадовMemberNot188819371905RussianMale
Shalva EliavaШалва ЭлиаваCandidateCandidate188319371904GeorgianMale
Konstantin GeyКонстантин ГейCandidateNot189619391916RussianMale
Nikolay GolodedНиколай ГолодедNewNot189419371918BelarusianMale
Fyodor GryadinskyФёдор ГрядинскийCandidateCandidate189319381912RussianMale
Akmal IkramovАкмаль ИкрамовCandidateMember189819381918UzbekMale
Uraz IsayevУраз ИсаевNewMember189919381920KazakhMale
Vladimir IvanovВладимир ИвановCandidateMember189319381915RussianMale
Mikhail KakhianiМихаил КахианиNewNot189619371917GeorgianMale
Anna KalgynaАнна КалыгинаCandidateCandidate189519371915RussianFemale
Moisei KalmanovichМоисей КалмановичNewCandidate188819371917RussianMale
Grigory KaminskyГригорий КаминскийCandidateCandidate189519381913UkrainianMale
Lavrentiy KartvelishviliЛаврентий КартвелишвилиNewMember189019381910GeorgianMale
Mikhail KhloplyankinМихаил ХлоплянкинNewNot189219381914RussianMale
Aleksei KiselyovАлексей КиселёвCandidateNot187919371898RussianMale
Ivan KlimenkoИван КлименкоCandidateNot189119371912RussianMale
Alexander KosarevАлександр КосаревNewMember190319391919RussianMale
Ivan KozlovИван КозловNewNot188319701918RussianMale
Alexander KrinitskyАлександр КриницкийCandidateNot189419371915RussianMale
Vasily KuritsynВасилий КурицынNewCandidate189219371917RussianMale
Solomon LozovskyСоломон ЛозовскийCandidateCandidate189219521901RussianMale
Valery MezhlaukВалерий МежлаукCandidateMember189319381917LatvianMale
Vasily MikhailovВасилий МихайловMemberCandidate189419371915RussianMale
Mikhail Mikhailov-IvanovМихаил Михайлов-ИвановCandidateDied189419311913RussianMale
Levon MirzoyanЛевон МирзоянCandidateMember188719391917ArmenianMale
Gazanfar MusabekovГазанфар МусабековCandidateCandidate188819381918AzerbaijaniMale
Klavdiya NikolayevaКлавдия НиколаеваCandidateMember189319441909RussianFemale
Valerian OsinskyВалериан ОболенскийCandidateCandidate188719381907RussianMale
Mikhail OshvintsevМихаил ОшвинцевCandidateNot188919391917RussianMale
Nikolay PakhomovНиколай ПахомовNewCandidate189019381917RussianMale
Ivan PerepechkoИван ПерепечкоNewNot189719431914UkrainianMale
Vladimir PolonskyВладимир ПолонскийCandidateNot189319371912RussianMale
Nikolai PopovНиколай ПоповNewCandidate189019381919RussianMale
Boris PozernБорис ПозернNewCandidate188219391902RussianMale
Vladimir PtukhaВладимир ПтухаNewCandidate189419381917UkrainianMale
Konstantin RumyantsevКонстантин РумянцевCandidateDied189119321916RussianMale
Maximilian SavelievМаксимилиа́н Саве́льевNewNot189819391903RussianMale
Vasily SchmidtВасилий ШмидтCandidateNot188619381905RussianMale
Alexei SedelnikovАлексей СедельниковNewCandidate189419381914RussianMale
Boris SemenovБорис СемёновCandidateCandidate189019371907RussianMale
Alexander SerebrovskyАлександр СеребровскийCandidateCandidate188419381903RussianMale
Pyotr SmorodinПётр СмородинNewCandidate189719391917RussianMale
Grigori SokolnikovГригорий СокольниковMemberCandidate188819391905UkrainianMale
Vasily StroganovВасилий СтрогановCandidateNot188819381905RussianMale
Kirill SukhomlinКирилл СухомлинCandidateNot188619381905RussianMale
Roman TerekhovРоман ТереховNewNot188919791912RussianMale
Fyodor TsarkovФёдор ЦарьковNewNot188819381906RussianMale
Ieronim UborevichИероним УборевичNewCandidate189619371917LithuanianMale
Józef UnszlichtИо́сиф У́ншлихтCandidateCandidate187919381900PolishMale
Mikhail UryvayevМихаил УрываевCandidateNot188719371917RussianMale
Gavrii VeynbergГавриил ВейнбергCandidateCandidate189119461906PolishMale
Pyotr VolkovПётр ВолковNewNot189619371917RussianMale
Genrikh YagodaГенрих ЯгодаNewMember189119381907RussianMale
Iona YakirИона ЯкирNewCandidate189619371917MoldovanMale
Voronova YakovlevnaПелагея ВороноваNewNot189219901917RussianFemale
Tikhon YurkinТихон ЮркинNewCandidate189819861915RussianMale

References

Citations

Bibliography

Articles and journals
Books