Chandler Bridge Formation

Mammals

Carnivorans

Cetaceans

Cetaceans reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Agorophiidae		Upper sandy unit.[4]		Referred to as Genus Y.
Agorophius	A. sp.		"ChM PV 4256 (a partial skull and mandible with isolated teeth and associated postcrania)".[5]	An odontocete.
Ankylorhiza	A. tiedemani		Partial skeleton (CCNHM 103).[6]	An odontocete also found in the Ashley and Belgrade formations.
Coronodon	C. newtonorum	A manmade exposure in the vicinity of North Charleston, South Carolina.[7]	Partial skeleton (ChM PV 2778).[7]	A toothed mysticete.
	C. planifrons	Drainage ditch in North Charleston, South Carolina.[7]	Partial skeleton (CCNHM 166) & isolated upper right M3 (CCNHM 8732).[7]	A toothed mysticete.
Cotylocara	C. macei	[8]		A xenorophid.
Echovenator	E. sandersi	"Drainage ditch associated with Limehouse Branch Creek, Berkeley County, South Carolina".[9]	A nearly-complete skull.[9]	A xenorophid.
Eomysticetus	E. carolinensis	Bed 2.[10]		A mysticete.
	E whitmorei	Bed 3, uppermost portion of the formation.[10]		A mysticete.
cf. Eurhinodelphinidae		Upper sandy unit.[4]
cf. Squalodelphinidae		Upper sandy unit.[4]
Squalodon			A premolar (BCGM 9198).[11]

Sirenians

Sirenians reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Crenatosiren	C. olseni		[12]	A dugongid also known from the Ashley and Parachucla formations.
Metaxytherium	M. albifontanum		Remains of a subadult individual (SC 89.115) and a young adult individual (ChM PV4757).[13]	A dugongid also found in the Parachucla Formation.
Priscosiren	P. atlantica		SC 89.254.[14]	A dugongid.
Stegosiren	S. macei		[15]	A dugongid also found in the Ashley Formation.

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Palaeochenoides	P. mioceanus		Distal end of a tarsometatarsus.[16]	A dubious pelagornithid, may instead be from the Cooper Formation.
Pelagornis	P. sandersi	Bed 2 near Charleston Airport.[17]		A pelagornithid.
Sulidae		Upper sandy unit.[4]
Tympanonesiotes	T. wetmorei		A very fragmentary piece of tarsometatarsus.[16]	A dubious pelagornithid, may instead be from the Cooper Formation.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Gavialosuchus	G. carolinensis		A tooth (BCGM 9197).[11]	Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa.[18]
Thecachampsa	T. carolinensis		A tooth (BCGM 9197).[11]	A gavialid.

Testudines

Testudines reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Ashleychelys	A. palmeri		Multiple specimens.[19]	A cheloniid also found in the Ashley Formation.
Bairdemys	B. healeyorum		A largely complete skeleton and a partial anterior carapace.[20]	A podocnemid.
Carolinochelys	C. wilsoni	Upper sandy unit.[4]	Multiple specimens.[19]	A cheloniid.
cf. Egyptemys	cf. E. sp.	Bed 1.[21]	CCNHM 4289 (a ridged carapacial ossicle).[21]	A dermochelyid.
Natemys	N. sp. 1		CCNHM 4405.1–4405.5 (five associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles); CCNHM 5540, 5541, and 5542 (three non-ridged carapacial ossicles).[21]	A dermochelyid, also known from the Ashley Formation.
Procolpochelys	P. charlestonensis		ChM PV6056 (a largely complete carapace associated with a few fragmentary vertebrae, pectoral girdle elements, humerus, and femur) and a skull fragment.[19]	A cheloniid.
cf. Psephophorus	cf. P. sp.	Bed 1.[21]	CCNHM 5543 (an isolated ridged ossicle).[21]	A dermochelyid, also found in the Ashley Formation.

Fish

Bony fish

Rays

Rays reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Anoxypristis			A single rostral spine.[11]	A sawfish.
Dasyatidae	Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. indet.		Teeth (BCGM 9100 and 9101, SC 2009.18.19).[11]	A stingray.
Dasyatis	D. cavernosa		Teeth (BCGM 9096, 9097, and 9103, SC 2009.18.17).[11]	A stingray.
	D. rugosa		BCGM 9098 and 9099, SC 2009.18.18.[11]	A stingray.
Gymnura	G. sp.		A tooth (BCGM 9107).[11]	A butterfly ray.
Mobula	M. cf. M. loupianensis		BCGM 9133–9142, SC 2009.18.20.[11]
Myliobatinae	Myliobatinae gen. indet.		Partial medial teeth and complete lateral teeth (BCGM 9114–9117, SC 2009.18.22).[11]	An eagle ray.
Paramobula	P. fragilis		Teeth (BCGM 9111–9113, SC 2009.18.21).[11]
Plinthicus	P. stenodon	Upper sandy unit.[4]	BCGM 9118–9121, SC 2009.18.23[11]	The oldest record of this species.
Raja	Raja mccollumi	"Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina".[11]	Teeth.[11]	A skate also found in the Ashley Formation.
	R. sp.		Teeth (BCGM 9087–9089, SC 2009.18.16).[11]	A skate with teeth twice as large as those of R. mccollumi, but far less common.[11]
Rhinoptera	R. cf. R. studeri		Teeth (BCGM 9122 and 9123, SC 2009.18.24).[11]	A cownose ray.
	R. sp.	Upper sandy unit.[4]		A cownose ray.
Rhynchobatus	R. pristinus		Teeth (BCGM 9084–9086, SC 2009.18.14).[11]	A wedgefish.

Sharks

Sharks reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Alopias	A. cf. A. vulpinus		Teeth (BCGM 9046–9048, SC 2009.18.3).[11]	A thresher shark.
Bythaelurus	B. sp.		A fragmentary tooth (BCGM 9074).[11]	A catshark.
Carcharias	C. cuspidatus		Teeth (BCGM 9051 and 9052).[11]	A sand shark.
	C. sp.		A posterior tooth (BCGM 9053) and a lateral tooth from a very young individual (BCGM 9054).[11]	A sand shark.
Carcharhinus	C. gibbesi		BCGM 9056–9062, SC 2009.18.6.[11]	The most abundant non-batoid elasmobranch in the Chandler Bridge sample.[11]
	C. leucas	Upper sandy unit.[4]		The bull shark.
Carcharocles	C. angustidens	Upper sandy unit.[4]	Teeth.[23]	Reassigned to the genus Otodus.
	C. sp.		Teeth (BCGM 9055, SC 2009.18.5).[11]	Reassigned to the genus Otodus.
Cetorhinus	?C. parvus		Scales (BCGM 9049 and 9050, SC 2009.18.4).[11]	A basking shark.
Galeocerdo	G. 'casei'	Upper sandy unit.[4]
Galeorhinus	G. sp.		Teeth (BCGM 9080–9083, SC 2009.18.13).[11]	A houndshark.
Hemipristis	H. serra		Teeth (BCGM 9071–9073, SC 2009.18.10).[11]	A weasel shark.
Nebrius	N. cf. N. serra		A tooth (SC 2009.18.1).[11]	A nurse shark.
Otodus	O. angustidens	Upper sandy unit.[4]	Teeth.[23]	Assemblages dominated by teeth of juveniles and neonates, with few adults present, suggesting a nursery area for the species.[23]
	O. sp.		Teeth (BCGM 9055, SC 2009.18.5).[11]	A megatooth shark.
Physogaleus	P. aduncus		Teeth (BCGM 9063–9066, SC 2009.18.7).[11]	A ground shark.
	P. contortus	Upper sandy unit.[4]		A ground shark.
	P. sp.		Broken and/or abraded teeth (BCGM 9067 and 9068, SC 2009.18.8).[11]	A ground shark.
Rhincodon	R. cf. R. typus		Teeth (BCGM 9044 and 9045, SC 2009.18.2).[11]	The oldest fossil record of the whale shark.
Rhizoprionodon	R. sp.		Small, imperfectly preserved teeth (BCGM 9069 and 9070, SC 2009.18.9).[11]	A sharpnose shark.
Sphyrna	S. cf. S. media		BCGM 9075–9077, SC 2009.18.11.[11]	A hammerhead shark.
	S. zygaena		BCGM 9078 and 9079, SC 2009.18.12.[11]	The more common of the two hammerhead shark species found in the formation.[11]
Squatina	S. cf. S. angeloides		BCGM 9042 and 9043.[11]	An angelshark.

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Carolina
• Paleontology in South Carolina

Bibliography

• Albright, L.B.; A.E. Sanders; R.E. Weems; D.J. Cicimurri, and J.L. Knight. 2019. Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57. 77–236. Accessed 2020-03-27.