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Larger urban zone

(Redirected from Functional Urban Area)

The larger urban zone (LUZ), or functional urban area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban.[1] It consists of a city and its commuting zone outside it.[2]

The definition was introduced in 2004 by Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union (EU), in agreement with the national statistics offices in the member states.[3][4] Eurostat data is provided only for zones in the EU countries, candidate countries and EFTA countries. Several cities were excluded by definition from the 2004 list of LUZs on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.[5][6][7]

The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region." To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the LUZ boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban region.

In 2006 LUZ definitions were changed significantly, improving the comparability of LUZ definitions across different countries, and allowing for almost all cities to be included.

List of larger urban zones by population as of 2017

This is a list of larger urban zones by population as of 2017. The 2004 Urban Audit also includes cities from EFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries, although the only candidate country for which there is available data is Turkey. Some cities, including Marseille, Lille, Nice, Cordoba, Badajoz, Toulon and Montpellier were excluded from the 2004 list on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.

  Areas outside of the European Union
RankLarger urban zoneCountryPopulationArea (km2)
1Paris  France13,998,00012,079.87[8]
2Istanbul  Turkey11,154,928
3London  United Kingdom10,345,1248,900[8]
4Madrid  Spain5,804,8298,022
5Ruhr Area  Germany5,302,1794,435
6Berlin  Germany4,971,33117,385
7Naples  Italy4,475,682564.95
8Barcelona  Spain4,233,6381,796.64
9Athens  Greece4,013,3683,806.92
10Ankara  Turkey3,736,359
11Rome  Italy3,457,6903,666.66
12Hamburg  Germany3,134,6207,304
12Milan  Italy3,076,6431,348.32
13Katowice metropolitan area  Poland2,710,3972,650.65
14Stuttgart  Germany2,663,6603,654
15Warsaw  Poland2,631,7105,201.72
16Manchester  United Kingdom2,539,1001,280
17Munich  Germany2,531,7065,504
18Frankfurt  Germany2,517,5614,305
19İzmir  Turkey2,459,474
20Lisbon  Portugal2,435,8371,432.49
21Budapest  Hungary2,393,8462,538[8]
22Leeds  United Kingdom2,393,3005,114[8]
23Birmingham  United Kingdom2,357,1001,598
24Vienna  Austria2,179,7694,610.93[8]
25Bucharest  Romania2,140,194662
26Prague  Czech Republic1,964,7506,977[8]
27Cologne  Germany1,873,5801,626
28Stockholm  Sweden1,860,8726,519
29Copenhagen  Denmark1,806,667[8]2,759[8]
30Brussels  Belgium1,800,6631,613.91
31Glasgow  United Kingdom1,747,1003,346
32Turin  Italy1,745,2211,878.97
33Lyon  France1,717,3005,997.68[8]
34Belgrade  Serbia1,683,962514
35Valencia  Spain1,564,1451,440.58
36Dublin  Republic of Ireland1,535,446[8]
37Düsseldorf  Germany1,525,0291,201
38Bursa  Turkey1,474,482
39Amsterdam  Netherlands1,443,258859.28
40Adana  Turkey1,394,130
41Liverpool  United Kingdom1,365,900821
42Bielefeld  Germany1,297,8762,921
43Hanover  Germany1,294,4472,966
44Nuremberg  Germany1,288,7972,934
45Sheffield  United Kingdom1,277,1001,846
46Kraków  Poland1,264,3222,988.65
47Sofia  Bulgaria1,263,807[8]3,424.2[8]
48Seville  Spain1,249,3463,081.9
49Bremen  Germany1,249,2915,885
50Helsinki  Finland1,224,1072,969.94
51Rotterdam  Netherlands1,186,818611.75
52Łódź  Poland1,163,5162,857.51
53Ostrava  Czech Republic1,153,8763,889.6[8]
54Zürich   Switzerland1,110,4781,086.14
55Tricity  Poland1,105,2033,457.32
56Porto  Portugal1,099,040562.32
57Oslo  Norway1,090,5136,920
58Newcastle upon Tyne  United Kingdom1,055,6003,385
59Gaziantep  Turkey1,052,795
60Toulouse  France1,052,4974,706.93[8]
61Wrocław  Poland1,031,4394,582.2
62Poznań  Poland1,018,5113,719.2
63Gothenburg  Sweden1,015,9743,694.86
64Bristol  United Kingdom1,006,6001,635
65Riga  Latvia1,003,9495,382.5

List of larger urban zones

This is a list of larger urban zones. The Urban Audit also includes cities from EFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) uses a similar definition of Functional Urban Area to represent population sizes of cities in OECD countries.[9] This data is also included.

The figures in the Eurostat database are an attempt at a compromise between harmonised data for all of the European Union, and with availability of statistical data, making comparisons more accurate.[10]

  Areas outside of the European Union
Larger urban zoneCountryOECD Population (2014) [9]Eurostat Population (2006)[11]Eurostat Population (2016)[12]
Amsterdam metropolitan area  Netherlands2,452,6592,497,000[a]2,771,661
Antwerp  Belgium1,081,9041,406,000[b]1,100,139
Athens  Greece3,535,0553,761,0003,863,763
Barcelona metropolitan area  Spain3,846,6974,082,000[c]5,445,616
Berlin  Germany4,399,5424,016,0005,005,216
Bilbao  Spain1,013,805947,0001,025,109
Birmingham (West Midlands)  United Kingdom1,957,0783,701,1072,332,629
Bordeaux  France1,175,699No data1,244,264
Bremen  Germany1,027,1921,077,0001,244,363
Bristol  United Kingdom836,6211,041,0001,090,080
Brussels-Capital Region  Belgium2,588,1022,639,000[b]2,625,525
Bucharest metropolitan area  Romania2,402,5302,158,5582,403,107
Budapest metropolitan area  Hungary2,879,6012,523,0002,993,948
Cardiff  United Kingdom664,8611,097,0001,085,526
Copenhagen  Denmark2,025,1711,881,000[d]1,893,010
Dublin Metropolitan Area  Ireland1,836,1191,261,3321,263,035
Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region  Germany2,533,3112,764,000[e]2,573,745
Gdańsk  Poland1,105,467No data1,141,954[f]
Greater Glasgow  United Kingdom967,1011,395,0001,789,003
Metropolitan Gothenburg  Sweden1,015,974No data1,006,548[g]
The Hague  Netherlands906,8971,404,000[a]1,070,027
Hamburg Metropolitan Region  Germany3,008,8412,983,0003,173,871
Hanover  Germany1,217,511No data1,300,687
Helsinki Metropolitan Area  Finland1,498,0501,285,0001,532,309
Katowice metropolitan area  Poland2,589,3493,029,000[h]2,743,929
Kraków metropolitan area  Poland1,362,7401,236,0001,276,438
West Yorkshire (Leeds – Bradford)  United Kingdom1,774,552[i]2,302,0002,238,127
Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai  France/
 Belgium		1,363,465[j]1,379,000[k]2,572,374
Lisbon metropolitan area  Portugal3,039,6622,791,0002,839,908
Liverpool/Birkenhead  United Kingdom954,1812,241,0001,352,000
Łódź  Poland939,5681,165,0001,116,660
London metropolitan area  United Kingdom11,701,23613,109,00012,250,000
Lyon  France1,960,8471,669,0002,188,759
Madrid metropolitan area  Spain7,079,1735,263,0006,378,297
Greater Manchester  United Kingdom1,935,5592,556,0002,615,144
Mannheim  Germany1,230,276No data1,172,821
Marseille  France1,773,5031,530,0001,750,885[l]
Milan metropolitan area  Italy4,159,8544,136,000[m]4,267,946
Munich  Germany2,965,8712,665,000[n]2,808,581
Naples metropolitan area  Italy4,475,6824,654,259[o]4,127,390
Nice  France865,1951,082,0001,017,307
Nottingham-Derby  United Kingdom863,9181,614,0001,927,550
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region  Germany1,169,3671,443,0001,301,504
Greater Oslo  Norway1,299,9551,037,0001,144,883
Ostrava  Czech Republic no data no data1,119,593[p]
Paris metropolitan area  France12,037,88913,975,00012,824,000
Porto Metropolitan Area  Portugal1,737,8291,245,000[q]1,286,111
Portsmouth-Southampton  United Kingdom594,4551,547,0001,498,402[r]
Prague  Czech Republic1,910,3961,669,0002,224,080[s]
Rhein-Nord[t] (Düsseldorf – Neuss)  Germany1,427,823[u]3,073,000[v]1,527,176
Rhein-Süd[t] (Cologne – Bonn)  Germany1,926,073[w]3,070,000[v]3,023,545[x]
Riga  LatviaNo data1,195,0001,089,767
Rome metropolitan area  Italy4,149,3644,353,7383,700,000
Rotterdam  Netherlands1,509,3731,904,000[a]1,818,563
Ruhr area  GermanyNo data[y]5,376,000[v]5,045,784
Saarbrücken – Forbach  Germany/
 France		570,479[z]1,102,000822,128
Seville  Spain1,500,6441,180,000[aa]1,877,060
Sofia  BulgariaNo data1,260,1201,543,377
Metropolitan Stockholm  Sweden2,018,2082,171,0002,034,354[citation needed]
South Yorkshire (Sheffield)  United Kingdom920,1281,569,0001,596,298
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region  Germany1,965,9422,289,0002,678,795
Thessaloniki metropolitan area  Greece975,4391,052,0001,166,914
Toulouse  France1,309,149No data1,388,978
Turin metropolitan area  Italy1,774,5071,601,000[ab]2,302,353
Newcastle-Sunderland  United Kingdom1,082,729[ac]1,599,0001,141,879
Valencia  Spain1,668,1531,398,000[ad]2,516,818
Vienna  Austria2,793,6312,584,0002,339,807
Warsaw metropolitan area  Poland3,037,8902,785,0003,304,641
Zagreb  CroatiaNo data1,107,1151,123,374
Zürich metropolitan area   Switzerland1,246,9681,615,0001,984,534

See also

Notes

References

External links

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