This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.
Sources
List includes metropolitan areas according only studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population over 1,510,000 as of 2012 according to "CityRailway" Official Report), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.
Figures in the first column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a functional urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting). Figures in the second column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the fourth column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.
Metropolitan areas
Areas within the European Union
| Metropolitan area name | Country | OECD Metropolitan areas (2020)[1] | City Population Urban Agglomeration (2024)[2] | Eurostat Metropolitan region (2019)[3] | Eurostat Metropolitan region (2018)[3] | ESPON Functional Urban Area (2006)[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aberdeen |  United Kingdom | 489,840 | 495,365 | |||
| Amsterdam metropolitan area |  Netherlands | 2,890,428 | 2,525,000 | 3,269,905 | 3,242,852 | 2,497,000[a] |
| Antwerp |  Belgium | 1,146,565 | 1,240,000 | 985,332 | 1,047,030 | 1,406,000[b] |
| Athens metropolitan area |  Greece | 3,526,887 | 3,575,000 | 3,561,750 | 3,576,590 | 3,761,000 |
| Barcelona metropolitan area |  Spain | 5,105,991 | 4,850,000 | 5,575,204 | 5,514,881 | 4,082,000[c] |
| Belfast | United Kingdom | 794,824 | 780,817 | |||
| Belgrade |  Serbia | — | 1,430,000 | — | — | — |
| Berlin metropolitan area |  Germany | 5,342,958 | 4,775,000 | 5,303,846 | 5,259,363 | 4,016,000 |
| Bilbao | Spain | 1,014,366 | <1,000,000 | 1,137,191 | 1,134,848 | 947,000 |
| Birmingham (West Midlands) | United Kingdom | 3,122,915 | 3,250,000 | 3,558,916 | 2,545,475 | 4,483,000 |
| Blackpool | United Kingdom | 332,659 | 678,995 | |||
| Bordeaux |  France | 1,290,068 | 1,140,000 | — | — | |
| Bremen | Germany | 1,274,429 | 1,000,000 | 1,277,609 | 1,274,611 | 1,077,000 |
| Brighton and Hove | United Kingdom | 459,450 | 292,169 | |||
| Bristol | United Kingdom | 969,256 | <1,000,000 | 1,157,937 | 1,147,017 | 1,041,000 |
| Bournemouth | United Kingdom | 396,986 | 348,309 | |||
| Brussels metropolitan area | Belgium | 2,500,251 | 2,750,000 | 2,548,941 | 2,528,996 | 2,639,000[b] |
| Bucharest metropolitan area |  Romania | 2,219,341 | 2,200,000 | 2,315,173 | 2,301,255 | 2,064,000 |
| Budapest metropolitan area |  Hungary | 3,012,001 | 2,500,000 | 3,031,160 | 3,011,598 | 2,523,000 |
| Cardiff | United Kingdom | 928,101 | <1,000,000 | 1,140,165 | 1,135,795 | 1,097,000 |
| Cambridge | United Kingdom | 376,139 | 653,412 | |||
| Copenhagen metropolitan area |  Denmark | 1,945,157 | 1,770,000 | 2,045,259 | 2,030,718 | 2,350,000[5][6][d] |
| Donetsk |  Ukraine | — | 1,410,000[e] | — | — | — |
| Dnipro | Ukraine | — | 1,330,000[f] | — | — | — |
| Dresden | Germany | 1,343,747 | — | — | — | — |
| Dublin Metropolitan Area |  Ireland | 2,110,459 | 1,530,000 | 2,107,749 | 2,069,386 | 1,477,000 |
| Edinburgh | United Kingdom | 912,490 | 901,455 | |||
| Exeter | United Kingdom | 499,742 | 795,012 | |||
| Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region | Germany | 2,729,936 | 3,300,000 | 2,710,127 | 2,693,115 | 2,764,000[g] |
| Gdańsk (Tricity) |  Poland | 1,170,990 | <1,000,000 | — | 1,317,517 | 993,000 |
| Gothenburg |  Sweden | 1,051,345 | <1,000,000 | 1,021,831 | 1,015,974 | 759,000 |
| Graz |  Austria | 662,531 | 637,532 | |||
| Greater Glasgow | United Kingdom | 1,847,200 | 1,700,000 | 1,861,315 | 1,854,866 | 1,395,000 |
| The Hague | Netherlands | 1,116,798 | 3,400,000[h] | 1,103,368 | 1,093,212 | 1,404,000[a] |
| Hamburg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 3,328,679 | 2,925,000 | 3,327,940 | 3,309,215 | 2,983,000 |
| Hannover | Germany | 1,316,006 | 1,150,000 | — | — | — |
| Helsinki Metropolitan Area |  Finland | 1,526,778 | 1,530,000 | 1,671,024 | 1,655,624 | 1,285,000 |
| Hull | United Kingdom | 602,327 | 600,774 | |||
| Innsbruck | Austria | 353,941 | 312,414 | |||
| Istanbul[i] |  Turkey | 13,719,061 | 15,900,000 | — | — | — |
| Katowice metropolitan area | Poland | 2,486,510 | 2,225,000 | 2,695,148 | 2,705,106 | 3,029,000[j] |
| Kazan metropolitan area |  Russia | — | 1,590,000 | — | — | — |
| Kharkiv | Ukraine | — | 1,600,000[k] | — | — | — |
| Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area | Ukraine | — | — | 1,170,953[7] | — | — |
| Kyiv metropolitan area | Ukraine | — | 3,475,000[l] | — | — | — |
| Kraków metropolitan area | Poland | 1,423,235 | <1,000,000 | 1,491,811 | 1,480,803 | 1,236,000 |
| Leicester | United Kingdom | 910,918 | ||||
| Leipzig | Germany | 1,049,342 | — | — | — | — |
| Lille | France | 1,505,093 | 1,320,000 | 2,594,456 | 2,597,774 | 1,379,000[m] |
| Linz | Austria | 655,268 | 801,085 | |||
| Lisbon metropolitan area |  Portugal | 3,035,487 | 2,500,000 | 2,846,332 | 2,833,679 | 2,591,000 |
| Liverpool/Birkenhead | United Kingdom | 1,548,752 | 1,890,000 | 1,784,475 | 2,042,955 | 2,241,000 |
| Łódź metropolitan area | Poland | 903,719 | <1,000,000 | 1,070,544 | 1,074,374 | 1,165,000 |
| London metropolitan area | United Kingdom | 12,451,423 | 14,900,000 | 14,372,596 | 14,257,962 | 11,203,000 |
| Lyon | France | 2,129,101 | 2,025,000 | 1,865,534 | 1,867,275 | 1,669,000 |
| Madrid metropolitan area | Spain | 7,005,286 | 6,650,000 | 6,641,649 | 6,549,520 | 5,263,000 |
| Greater Manchester | United Kingdom | 3,399,018 | 3,150,000 | 3,712,997 | 3,695,071 | 2,556,000 |
| Mannheim-Ludwigshafen | Germany | 1,191,766 | 1,590,000 | — | — | — |
| Marseille | France | 1,278,124[n] | 1,700,000 | 3,100,329 | 3,100,110 | 1,530,000 |
| Middlesbrough / Tees Valley | United Kingdom | 569,768 | 567,986 | |||
| Milan metropolitan area |  Italy | 4,985,668 | 6,100,000 | 4,354,448 | 4,336,121 | 7,636,000[o] |
| Minsk metropolitan area |  Belarus | — | 2,100,000 | — | — | — |
| Moscow metropolitan area | Russia | — | 19,100,000 | — | — | — |
| Munich | Germany | 2,926,802 | 2,300,000 | 2,908,664 | 2,883,373 | 2,665,000[p] |
| Nantes | France | 1,003,395 | — | — | — | — |
| Naples metropolitan area | Italy | 3,349,233 | 4,050,000 | 3,084,890 | 3,101,002 | 3,714,000[8] |
| Nice | France | 1,020,879 | <1,000,000 | 1,080,815 | 1,082,139 | 1,082,000 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Russia | — | 1,660,000 | — | — | — |
| Norwich | United Kingdom | 417,174 | 370,822 | |||
| Nottingham-Derby | United Kingdom | 935,049[q] | 1,380,000 | 331,297 | 329,448[r] | 1,534,000 |
| Nuremberg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 1,352,002 | 1,210,000 | 1,349,848 | 1,340,886 | 1,443,000 |
| Odesa | Ukraine | — | 1,100,000[s] | — | — | — |
| Greater Oslo |  Norway | 1,420,926 | 1,260,000 | 1,305,122 | 1,287,495 | 1,037,000 |
| Paris metropolitan area | France | 12,997,058 | 11,000,000 | 12,244,807 | 12,183,893 | 11,175,000 |
| Perm | Russia | — | 1,090,000 | — | — | — |
| Plymouth | United Kingdom | 406,924 | 264,135 | |||
| Porto Metropolitan Area | Portugal | 1,785,248 | 1,550,000 | 1,722,374 | 1,719,702 | 1,245,000[t] |
| Portsmouth-Southampton | United Kingdom | 695,204[u] | 1,150,000 | 806,001 | 802,162 | 1,547,000 |
| Poznań metropolitan area | Poland | 993,656 | <1,000,000 | — | 1,186,164 | 919,000 |
| Prague metropolitan area |  Czech Republic | 2,267,817 | 1,470,000 | 2,677,964 | 2,647,308 | 1,669,000 |
| Rhein-Nord[v] (Düsseldorf - Neuss) | Germany | 1,557,269 | See Rhein-Sud | 1,555,985 | 1,552,097 | 3,073,000[w] |
| Rhein-Süd[v] (Cologne - Bonn) | Germany | 2,004,984 | 5,000,000 | 2,003,046 | 1,994,524 | 3,070,000[w] |
| Riga metropolitan area |  Latvia | 927,924 | <1,000,000 | 1,003,203 | 1,005,237 | 1,195,000 |
| Rome metropolitan area | Italy | 4,325,591 | 3,425,000 | 4,342,212 | 4,355,725 | 5,190,000 |
| Rostov-on-Don | Russia | — | 1,400,000 | — | — | — |
| Rotterdam | Netherlands | 1,876,165 | 3,400,000[x] | 1,846,933 | 1,835,354 | 1,904,000[a] |
| Ruhr[v] | Germany | 5,115,617 | 5,650,000 | 5,111,530 | 5,113,487 | 5,376,000[w] |
| Saarbrücken - Forbach | Germany/ France | 797,110 | — | — | 802,664 | 1,102,000 |
| Saint Petersburg metropolitan area | Russia | — | 6,500,000 | — | — | — |
| Salzburg | Austria | 378,171 | 366,866 | |||
| Samara | Russia | — | 1,370,000 | — | — | — |
| Saratov | Russia | — | 1,210,000 | — | — | — |
| Seville | Spain | 1,558,006 | 1,300,000 | 1,949,640 | 1,945,236 | 1,180,000[y] |
| Sofia |  Bulgaria | 1,551,056 | 1,240,000 | 1,678,041 | 1,679,413 | 1,174,000 |
| Metropolitan Stockholm | Sweden | 2,377,081 | 2,275,000 | 2,344,124 | 2,308,143 | 2,171,000 |
| South Yorkshire (Sheffield) | United Kingdom | 1,204,485 | 1,540,000 | 584,028 | 580,108 | 1,869,000 |
| Stoke | United Kingdom | 484,659 | ||||
| Stuttgart Metropolitan Region | Germany | 2,794,283 | 2,400,000 | 2,787,724 | 2,778,591 | 2,289,000 |
| Swansea | United Kingdom | 390,949 | 532,489 | |||
| Thessaloniki metropolitan area | Greece | 1,049,937 | <1,000,000 | 1,104,690 | 1,105,663 | 1,052,000 |
| Toulouse | France | 1,445,789 | 1,130,000 | — | — | — |
| Turin metropolitan area | Italy | 1,728,714 | 1,580,000 | 2,259,523 | 2,269,120 | 1,601,000[z] |
| Newcastle-Sunderland | United Kingdom | 1,192,598 | 1,470,000 | 1,177,704 | 1,172,580 | 1,599,000 |
| Ufa | Russia | — | 1,230,000 | — | — | — |
| Valencia | Spain | 1,768,205 | 2,075,000 | 2,540,588 | 2,531,187 | 1,398,000[aa] |
| Vienna | Austria | 3,004,660 | 2,350,000 | 2,853,903 | 2,838,558 | 2,584,000 |
| Volgograd | Russia | — | 1,090,000 | — | — | — |
| Warsaw metropolitan area | Poland | 3,209,784 | 2,500,000 | 3,053,104 | 3,025,034 | 2,785,000 |
| West Yorkshire (Leeds - Bradford) | United Kingdom | 2,655,815 | 2,225,000 | 1,750,276 | 1,741,298 | 2,302,000 |
| Wrocław metropolitan area | Poland | 883,468 | <1,000,000 | 638,659 | 636,050 | 861,000 |
| Zagreb metropolitan area |  Croatia | 1,219,858 | <1,000,000 | 1,240,433 | 1,240,310 | — |
| Zürich metropolitan area |  Switzerland | 1,401,783 | 1,490,000 | 1,520,968 | 1,504,346 | 1,615,000 |
Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union
| Rank | Area | State | Population[9] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region | Germany | 12,190,000 |
| 2 | Randstad | Netherlands | 8,219,380 |
| 3 | Upper Silesian-Moravian metropolitan area | Poland/ Czech Republic | 5,294,000 |
| 4 | Flemish Diamond | Belgium | 5,103,000 |
| 5 | Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region | Austria/  Slovakia | 4,600,000 |
See also
- List of cities in Europe by population within city limits
- List of urban areas in Europe
- List of European city regions
- Lists of cities in Europe
- List of largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits
- List of urban areas in the European Union
- List of European Union cities proper by population density
- List of metropolitan areas by population for the world
- World's largest cities
Regional and country-specific lists
- Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries
- List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom
- List of metropolitan areas in Belgium
- List of metropolitan areas in France
- List of metropolitan areas in Germany
- List of metropolitan areas in Italy
- List of metropolitan areas in Spain
- List of metropolitan areas in Sweden
- List of metropolitan areas in Poland
Notes
References
External links
- Geopolis: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more
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