Global Innovation Index

*Global Innovation Index*
Language	English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, German, Korean, Portuguese, Japanese
Publication details
History	2007–present
Publisher	World Intellectual Property Organization
Frequency	Annual
License	CC BY 4.0
Standard abbreviations;
ISO 4	Glob. Innov. Index
Indexing;
ISSN	2263-3693;
Links
	wipo.int/global_innovation_index; globalinnovationindex.org;

The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,^[1]^: 203 a British magazine. Until 2021 it was published by WIPO, in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD and other organisations and institutions.^[2]^: 333^[3] It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum.^[1]^: 203

History

The index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,^[1]^: 203 a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.^[4]

Methodology

The index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices, the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index, which are composed of five and two pillars respectively. Each of these pillars describe an attribute of innovation, and comprise up to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.^[5]

Since its inception in 2007, an increasing number of governments systematically analyze their annual GII results and design policy responses to improve their performance.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for sustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.^[11]

The index has been criticized for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that aren’t integral to innovation. For instance, “Ease of Paying Taxes“, “Electricity Output“ (half-weightage) and “Ease of Protecting Minority Investors” are factors alongside “Ease of Getting Credit” and “Venture Capital Deals“.^[12]

Themes

Every two years the GII covers a theme related to innovation which goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was “Who will finance innovation?” shedding light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous GII themes covered health innovation, environmental innovation, agricultural and food innovation, and others.^[13]

Ranking

The top 180 ranking for 2023:^[14]

GII rank	Country/Territory	Income group rank	Region	Region rank
1	Switzerland	1	Europe	1
2	Sweden	2	Europe	2
3	United States of America	3	Northern America	1
4	United Kingdom	4	Europe	3
5	Netherlands	5	Europe	4
6	South Korea	6	East Asia	1
7	Singapore	7	Southeast Asia	2
8	Germany	8	Europe	5
9	Finland	9	Europe	6
10	Denmark	10	Europe	7
11	China	1	East Asia	3
12	France	11	Europe	8
13	Japan	12	East Asia	4
14	Hong Kong	13	East Asia	5
15	Canada	14	Northern America	2
16	Israel	15	Middle East	1
17	Austria	16	Europe	9
18	Estonia	17	Europe	10
19	Luxembourg	18	Europe	11
20	Iceland	19	Europe	12
21	Malta	20	Europe	13
22	Norway	21	Europe	14
23	Ireland	22	Europe	15
24	New Zealand	23	Oceania	6
25	Australia	24	Oceania	7
26	Belgium	25	Europe	16
27	Cyprus	26	Middle east	2
28	Italy	27	Europe	17
29	Spain	38	Europe	18
30	Czech Republic	29	Europe	19
31	United Arab Emirates	30	Middle east	3
32	Portugal	31	Europe	20
33	Slovenia	32	Europe	21
34	Hungary	33	Europe	22
35	Bulgaria	2	Europe	23
36	Malaysia	3	Southeast Asia	8
37	Turkey	4	Middle east	4
38	Poland	34	Europe	24
39	Lithuania	35	Europe	25
40	India	1	South Asia	1
41	Latvia	36	Europe	25
42	Greece	37	Europe	26
43	Thailand	5	Southeast Asia	9
44	Croatia	38	Europe	27
45	Slovakia	6	Europe	1
46	Vietnam	39	Southeast Asia	28
47	Romania	7	Europe	30
48	Saudi Arabia	2	Middle East	1
49	Brazil	4	South America	1
50	Qatar	1	Middle East	2

List of countries by development score

Developed countries

Rank	Country	Development score
—	Developed countries (average)	77.45
1	Switzerland	85.27
2	Sweden	84.88
3	Denmark	84.13
4	Finland	84.05
5	Netherlands	83.13
6	United States	83.03
7	Singapore	81.40
8	South Korea	81.09
9	Hong Kong	80.85
10	United Kingdom	80.29
11	Germany	79.51
12	Canada	79.45
13	Norway	78.82
14	Iceland	77.45
15	Estonia	77.44
16	Belgium	77.38
17	Austria	77.30
18	France	76.93
19	Israel	76.87
20	Ireland	76.76
21	Australia	76.37
22	Japan	75.36
23	Luxembourg	74.92
24	New Zealand	74.50
25	Czech Republic	73.90
26	United Arab Emirates	73.87
27	Spain	73.51
28	China	72.63
29	Malta	72.04
30	Slovenia	71.24
31	Lithuania	70.99
32	Portugal	70.53
33	Italy	70.10

Developing countries

Rank	Country	Development score
—	Developing countries (average)	55.69
34	Latvia	68.66
35	Poland	68.53
36	Croatia	67.10
37	Malaysia	66.69
38	Saudi Arabia	66.67
39	Cyprus	66.07
40	Qatar	66.04
41	Hungary	66.01
42	Thailand	65.67
43	Chile	65.59
44	Greece	64.97
45	Slovakia	64.78
46	Serbia	63.65
47	Uruguay	63.58
48	Romania	63.28
49	Russia	63.06
50	Bahrain	62.68
51	Kazakhstan	62.60
52	Turkey	62.29
53	Georgia	62.11
54	Moldova	61.74
55	Belarus	61.47
56	Montenegro	61.20
57	Bulgaria	61.05
58	Kuwait	61.04
59	Ukraine	60.91
60	Costa Rica	60.69
61	North Macedonia	60.66
62	Vietnam	60.64
63	Armenia	59.95
64	Mauritius	59.89
65	Bosnia and Herzegovina	59.67
66	Oman	59.63
67	Albania	59.27
68	Iran	59.06
69	Brazil	58.25
70	Argentina	58.23
71	Panama	58.21
72	Indonesia	58.03
73	Azerbaijan	57.61
74	Tunisia	57.53
75	Mexico	57.52
76	Brunei	57.17
77	Jordan	57.14
78	Dominican Republic	57.05
79	Sri Lanka	56.90
80	Uzbekistan	56.68
81	Peru	56.43
82	Morocco	56.36
83	India	55.92
84	Ecuador	55.81
85	Jamaica	55.76
86	Egypt	55.54
87	Colombia	55.09
88	Trinidad and Tobago	55.03
89	Kyrgyzstan	54.90
90	Philippines	54.66
91	Paraguay	54.45
92	Lebanon	54.34
93	Algeria	53.81
94	South Africa	53.68
95	Bolivia	53.35
96	El Salvador	53.29
97	Cape Verde	52.75
98	Mongolia	52.66
99	Tajikistan	51.80
100	Botswana	51.41
101	Bangladesh	51.04
102	Nicaragua	49.53
103	Namibia	49.03
104	Cambodia	48.55
105	Nepal	48.46
106	Ghana	47.77
107	Laos	47.75
108	Kenya	47.40
109	Honduras	47.35
110	Guatemala	46.03
111	Pakistan	45.42
112	Senegal	45.34
113	Rwanda	45.20
114	Ivory Coast	44.62
115	Cameroon	43.05
116	Togo	42.62
117	Zambia	42.53
118	Nigeria	42.49
119	Tanzania	42.48
120	Zimbabwe	42.37
121	Uganda	42.01
122	Mauritania	41.58
123	Benin	40.51
124	Angola	40.07

Underdeveloped countries

Rank	Country	Development score
—	Underdeveloped countries (average)	37.29
125	Ethiopia	39.35
126	Madagascar	39.35
127	Guinea	38.43
128	Mozambique	37.46
129	Mali	37.29
130	Burkina Faso	36.92
131	Burundi	36.14
132	Niger	33.37