These are the results of the women's balance beam competition, one of six events for female competitors in artistic gymnastics, at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The qualification and final rounds took place on July 21, 23, and 25 at the Sports Palace of the Central Lenin Stadium.
Medalists
| Gold | Nadia Comăneci Romania |
| Silver | Yelena Davydova Soviet Union |
| Bronze | Natalia Shaposhnikova Soviet Union |
Results
Qualification
Sixty-two gymnasts competed in the compulsory and optional rounds on July 21 and 23. The six highest scoring gymnasts advanced to the final on July 25. Each country was limited to two competitors in the final. Half of the points earned by each gymnast during both the compulsory and optional rounds carried over to the final. This constitutes the "prelim" score.
Final
| Rank | Gymnast | C | O | Prelim | Final | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  Nadia Comăneci (ROU) | 10.000 | 9.900 | 9.950 | 9.850 | 19.800 |
 |  Yelena Davydova (URS) | 9.900 | 9.800 | 9.850 | 9.900 | 19.750 |
 | Natalia Shaposhnikova (URS) | 9.950 | 9.800 | 9.875 | 9.850 | 19.725 |
| 4 |  Maxi Gnauck (GDR) | 9.900 | 9.800 | 9.850 | 9.850 | 19.700 |
| 5 |  Radka Zemanová (TCH) | 9.800 | 9.800 | 9.800 | 9.850 | 19.650 |
| 6 | Emilia Eberle (ROU) | 9.900 | 9.900 | 9.900 | 9.500 | 19.400 |