Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor

Early life

Tunku Ibrahim was born on 22 November 1958 at Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaya, during the reign of his great-grandfather, Sultan Sir Ibrahim of Johor. He was the third child and eldest son of Sultan Iskandar by his first wife, Josephine Ruby Trevorrow, an English woman from Torquay. Iskandar met Trevorrow while studying in England.^[5][6][7][8] Trevorrow, a proprietor by profession, temporarily took on the name Khalsom binti Abdullah following her marriage to Iskandar. Ibrahim's mother later remarried and returned to England.^[9]

Ibrahim's great-grandfather died in London on 8 May 1959. Thus, Ibrahim's grandfather, Ismail, became Sultan of Johor. Ibrahim moved up to second in line to the throne, after his father. His father sent him to complete his secondary education at Trinity Grammar School in Sydney, from 1968 until 1970. After finishing high school, he was sent to Army Training Centre (PULADA) in Kota Tinggi for basic military training. He also received military training in the United States, at Fort Benning, Georgia, and later at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.^[10]

Ibrahim was appointed as the Crown Prince of Johor on 3 July 1981,^[10] and has primarily resided at Istana Pasir Pelangi since then.^[11][12] He served as the regent of Johor between 26 April 1984 and 25 April 1989 when his father served his term as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.^[10] In recent years, Ibrahim gradually took over some state duties and functions from his aging father.^[13] These included the 211th Conference of Rulers, where Ibrahim and Abdullah, the Crown Prince of Pahang, represented their fathers in the meetings,^[14] among other state functions.^[15]

Shortly before Filipino opposition politician Benigno Aquino Jr. was assassinated at Manila International Airport on 21 August 1983, Ibrahim met Aquino upon his arrival in Singapore and later brought him to meet other Malaysian leaders across the Johor-Singapore Causeway.^[16] Once in Johor, Aquino also met with Ibrahim's father, Iskandar, who was a close friend.^[17]

Sultan of Johor

A few hours before his father's death on 22 January 2010, Tunku Ibrahim was appointed as the Regent of Johor, following medical reports that suggested Sultan Iskandar's impending demise.^[18] Sultan Iskandar died on the same night, and Tunku Ibrahim was installed as the Sultan of Johor the following morning.^[19] The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Johor, Abdul Ghani Othman cited that Sultan Ibrahim and immediate members of the royal family would undertake a mourning period of 40 days.^[20] During the mourning season, Sultan Ibrahim made his inaugural presence at the Conference of Rulers in February 2010 as the Sultan of Johor.^[21]

On 30 June 2011, Sultan Ibrahim drove the last train from Tanjong Pagar railway station, having received tuition from Chief Locomotive Inspector Hasnol Azahari Aman of Keretapi Tanah Melayu to enable him to do this. He stated that he wished to do this as his grandfather, Sultan Ismail, had opened the causeway between Singapore and Malaya in 1923, and that it was appropriate that he should drive the last train out of the station.^[22]

Sultan Ibrahim also declared Muar as Johor's new royal capital, replacing Johor Bahru, on 5 February 2012. This coincided with the Maulidur Rasul celebrations.^[23]

Sultan Ibrahim became the first ruler of Johor to celebrate his birthday celebration in Muar on 22 November 2012. He picks the town because it is "rich in history and tradition besides being peaceful, beautiful and progressive". He wanted the state government to gazette all the old buildings in the town as a state heritage. He also wants the local authorities to preserve the cleanliness of Sungai Muar which could be done by relocating the bus and taxi terminals elsewhere.^[24]

Sultan Ibrahim was crowned as the sultan of Johor on 23 March 2015.^[25] The last coronation was that of his grandfather Sultan Ismail on 10 February 1960.^[26] From 2015 onwards, 23 March is made an annual state public holiday as the Sultan's official birthday, replacing the public holiday on 22 November, the Sultan's actual birthday.^[27]

Sultan Johor is noted for advocating religious moderation and has criticised the creeping Arabisation of Malaysian Muslim culture.^[28] Despite being the only sultan in Malaysia without tertiary (post-secondary) education, he has promoted quality education for Johor.

On 6 January 2024, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that he would not grant any audiences till he ascends to the throne as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 31 January 2024. He would not be accepting any appointments except for the previously scheduled events and the weekly audiences with the Menteri Besar and the state government of Johor as he wanted to spend the remaining time before the ascension with the royal family.^[29]

Yang di-Pertuan Agong

On 27 October 2023, the Conference of Rulers elected Ibrahim Ismail as the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong or literally "King of Malaysia", replacing Abdullah of Pahang.^[4][30] During this time, the Conference of Rulers also elected Nazrin Shah of Perak to a third term as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong.^[31]

His official swearing in and possession of the Istana Negara occurred on 31 January 2024.^[2]

Sultan Ibrahim married Raja Zarith Sofiah, daughter of Sultan Idris Shah II of Perak on 22 September 1982.^[32][33] They have six children:

• Tunku Ismail Idris Abdul Majid Abu Bakar (born 30 June 1984). He was appointed the Deputy Crown Prince in April 2006 by Sultan Iskandar,^[34] and became the Crown Prince upon Sultan Ibrahim's accession in January 2010.
• Tunku Tun Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah (born 8 April 1986)^[35] She was bestowed the title Tun by Sultan Ibrahim in 2012. She married Dato' Dennis Muhammad Abdullah (né Dennis Verbaas), a former semi-professional footballer from the Netherlands, on 14 August 2017.^[36]
• Tunku Idris Iskandar (born 25 December 1987)^[37] the Tunku Temenggong of Johor. He was appointed as the Regent of Johor during the absence of his father on 29 September 2012.^[38]
• Almarhum (Late) Tunku Abdul Jalil (5 July 1990 – 5 December 2015) the Tunku Laksamana of Johor^[39]
• Tunku Abdul Rahman (born 5 February 1993)^[40] the Tunku Panglima of Johor^[39]
• Tunku Abu Bakar (born 30 May 2001) the Tunku Putera of Johor^[39]

Sultan Ibrahim has issued decrees including the following.

Public weekend from Saturday/Sunday to Friday/Saturday

Johor, as with the former standalone British protectorates of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu, used to rest on Fridays and Saturdays, in contrast with the former Federated Malay States as well as Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak and the Federal Territory which observe their weekends on Saturdays and Sundays. Johor, together with Perlis, moved their weekend to Saturday and Sunday on 1 January 1994 to synchronise with neighboring Singapore as well as with Kuala Lumpur, as Johor by then was a quickly industrialising state.

However, on 22 November 2013, on Sultan Ibrahim's birthday celebrations, he decreed that Johor will move back its weekend to Friday and Saturday, to enable Muslims in the state to attend their Friday prayers, effective 1 January 2014. This move was not without controversy due to the disruptions it caused, particularly for private businesses dealing with Singapore. The private sector nevertheless continues to rest on Saturdays and Sundays.^[41]

District name changes

In August 2015, Sultan Ibrahim decreed that the name of Kulaijaya district be reverted to its former name of Kulai.^[42] He also decreed that Nusajaya be renamed to Iskandar Puteri, as well as renaming Ledang District to Tangkak District.^[43][44][45]

Ban on vaping

Sultan Ibrahim issued a decree banning vaping in Johor effective 1 January 2016. The purposes of the ban is for the sake of the health of the Johor state residents. Kelantan and Terengganu followed soon after.^[46]

Ban on oversized signboards

In January 2016, Sultan Ibrahim also decreed that signboards for businesses must not exceed 6.1 m × 1.2 m (20 ft × 4 ft), so as to prevent any dangers to the public as well as to reduce unsightly signboards which mar the city's beauty.^[47]

Allegations of criminal misconduct

Occasional reports of alleged criminal misconduct from the 1980s onwards marred Tunku Ibrahim's reputation somewhat, albeit to a much lesser extent than his father, Sultan Iskandar, whose past heinous crimes had received considerable attention from mainstream media.^[48] In the 1980s, he was convicted of shooting dead a man in a nightclub during a feud, but was quickly pardoned.^[49][50]

In late 1992 to early 1993, Tunku Ibrahim also experienced fallouts of the Gomez Incident–in which his father and younger brother, Tunku Majid were accused of two separate but related incidences of assault which provoked a moral outrage nationwide and ultimately resulting in constitutional amendments allowing members of the royalty to be prosecuted for criminal wrongdoings. During that period of time, the press, which was supported by the Malaysian government, launched a series of vociferous press reports on the history of alleged incidences of royal wrongdoings,^[51] of which parliamentarians highlighted that Tunku Ibrahim had been convicted in at least two cases of assault in the 1980s.^[52] This included a victim who was allegedly assaulted by Tunku Ibrahim, Rahim Mohd Nor, who went so far as to describe his assault experience as an act of sadism by Tunku Ibrahim.^[53]

In March 2005, a member of the Malaysian royalty allegedly assaulted a young woman by the name of Yasmin whom he accused of two-timing him with another policeman.^[54] The victim's father, Mohd Yasin, later lodged a police report which alleged that the assault culprit was Tunku Ibrahim, the then Tunku Mahkota of Johor.^[55]

Other incidents

In October 2005, a brawl occurred on Pulau Rawa after a Johor prince allegedly gatecrashed a wedding party. The prince ordered some guests off the island after a fight broke out when a woman refused to dance with one of the gatecrashers. The locals, who felt offended by the woman's attitude, went off but soon returned with golf clubs and weapons and started a fight. In the process, several people were injured and sent to hospital, while five others were arrested, including a 20-year-old prince from the Johor royal family. The names of the culprits were not released by the police, who chose to retain the confidentiality of the attackers.^[56] The Tunku Mahkota issued a press statement to urge the culprits to apologise to the affected guests.^[57]

The following June, press reports leaked that Tunku Ibrahim had chalked RM26,700 worth of unpaid traffic fines since 2000, causing much embarrassment to the crown prince.^[58][59] A later report quoted him settling all the past fines with the traffic police.^[60]

Tunku Ibrahim also spent lavishly on an unusual car plate number. For example, in May 2012, he spent RM520,000 to successfully bid for the car number plate WWW 1^[61] for his red orange Satria Neo.^[62][63] In January 2014, he spent a record breaking RM748,000 on the car plate number W1N for^[64] his blue Suprima S.^[65] In July 2016, he also spent a record breaking RM836,660 on the car plate number F1 for his ruby red Proton Perdana.^[66] He continued to break records by securing the FF1 number plate for RM1.2mil and GOLD1 number plate for RM1.5mil. ^[67]

Although given a monthly allowance of RM27,000,^[68] Sultan Ibrahim had done some business dealings such as

• Investment in Redtone (20% equity)^[69]
• Investment in MOL AccessPortal (15% equity)^[70]
• Investment in RedTone International (20% equity)^[71]
• Investment in 7Eleven Malaysia (8.5% equity)^[72]
• Investment in Berjaya Assets^[73]
• Investment in Umobile (15% equity)^[74]
• Investment in Berjaya Time Square (20% equity)^[75]
• Sold 116 acres of prime seafront land in Johor Bahru (previously converted from State land to Sultanate land, formerly the southbound heavy vehicle and passenger vehicle separate border crossings from Malaysia to Singapore, before the Johor–Singapore Causeway) and coastal reclamation rights, to Guangzhou R&F for MYR 4.5 billion^[76]
• Benalec Holdings reclamation sites in Pengarang
• Tanjung Piai for petroleum facilities and a maritime industrial park
• Country Garden's reclamation of 4 islands off Tanjung Kupang for the Forest City megaproject (expected size of 3,425 acres, adjacent to the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link), of which Sultan Ibrahim has 64.4% equity in Esplanade Danga 88 Sdn Bhd, which in turn has 34% equity in the joint-venture company Country Garden Pacific View (CGPV) Sdn Bhd.^[77]

Styles of Sultan Ibrahim
Reference style	His Majesty
Spoken style	Your Majesty
Alternative style	Tuanku

As a Sultan of Johor, Sultan Ibrahim's full title and style in Malay: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S, Sultan Yang Dipertuan Bagi Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta’zim.^[78]

while in English: His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Perak), D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Selangor), D.K. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Terengganu), D.K.M.B. (Brunei), S.P.M.J, S.S.I.J, S.P.M.T, S.M.N, S.P.M.K, S.P.M.P, P.I.S, The Sultan and Sovereign Ruler of the State of Johor, The Abode of Dignity and its dependencies.^[79]

During his tenure as Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2024–present), Sultan Ibrahim's full title and style in Malay is: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim^[80]

while in English: His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim, King of Malaysia^[81] or simply His Majesty The King of Malaysia^[82]

Johor honours

• Grand Master and First Class (DK I) of the Royal Family Order of Johor
• Grand Master and First Class of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ) – Dato' (28 October 1980)
• Grand Master and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Loyalty of Sultan Ismail (SSIJ) – Dato' (8 April 1990)^[83]
• Founding Grand Master and Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor (SMIJ) – Dato' (since 30 March 2015)^[84]
• Sultan Ismail Coronation Medal (PSI 1st class) (10 February 1960)
• Sultan Iskandar Coronation Medal (11 May 1981)

Honours of Malaysia

•  Malaysia :
  • Grand Master of the Order of the Royal Family of Malaysia (31 January 2024)
  • Recipient (2 March 2015) and Grand Master of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN) (31 January 2024)
  • Grand Commander (1987) and Grand Master of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (SMN) – Tun (31 January 2024)^[85]
  • Grand Master of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (31 January 2024)
  • Grand Master of the Order of Merit (31 January 2024)
  • Grand Master of the Order of Meritorious Service (31 January 2024)
  • Grand Master of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia (31 January 2024)
•  Kedah :
  • Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK) (25 February 2018)^[86]
•  Kelantan :
  • Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK) (2010)^[87]
  • Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Kelantan (SPMK) – Dato' (1994)^[87]
•  Negeri Sembilan :
  • Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS) (14 February 2011)^[88][89]
•  Pahang :
  • Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I) (8 December 2023)^[90]
  • Member 2nd class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK II) (24 October 1997)^[87]
•  Perak :
  • Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK) (19 April 2010)^[91]
•  Perlis :
  • Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK) (17 May 2010)^[92]
  • Knight Grand Commander of Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – Dato' Seri^[87]
•  Sabah :
  • Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) – Datuk Seri Panglima
•  Sarawak :
  • Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) – Datuk Patinggi (2009)^[93]
•  Selangor :
  • First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK I) (11 December 2010)^[94]
•  Terengganu :
  • Member first class of the Family Order of Terengganu (DK I) (26 April 2013)^[95]

Foreign honours

•  Bahrain :
  • Order of Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (Wisam al-Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa), First Class (2017)^[96]

•  Brunei :
  • Recipient of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei (DKMB) – (2014)^[97][98]
  • Sultan of Brunei Golden Jubilee Medal – (2017)^[99]

•  Philippines :
  • Grand Cross (GCrS) (Datu) of the Order of Sikatuna (2019)^[100]

Honorary doctorate

•  Singapore :
  • Honorary degree Doctor of Laws from the National University of Singapore (NUS) – (20 July 2022)^[101]
•  Malaysia :
  • Honorary degree Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering Technology from the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – (2 December 2023)^[102]

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• Official profile
• Official website of his coronation on 23 March 2015