Jewish population by country

Israel

Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). Jewish immigration to Palestine began in earnest following the 1839 Tanzimat reforms; between 1840 and 1880, the Jewish population of Palestine rose from 9,000 to 23,000.^[9] In the late 19th century, 99.7% of the world's Jews lived outside the region, with Jews representing 2–5% of the population of the Palestine region.^[10][11] Through the first five phases of Aliyah, the Jewish population rose to 630,000 by the inception of the state of Israel in 1948. By 2014 this had risen to 6,135,000,^[12] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.^[13] Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.^[14] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.^[15] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.^[13]Immigration trends also favour Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s,^[16] and immigration growth has been steady (in the low tens of thousands) since then.^[17]

Rest of the world

In general, the modern English-speaking world has seen an increase in its share of the diaspora since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic diaspora Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.^[18]France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, at around 500,000,^[19][20] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. As a long-term trend, intermarriage has reduced its "core" Jewish population and increased its "connected" and "enlarged" Jewish populations. More recently, migration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017, following a wave of anti-Semitic attacks.^[21][22]According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, over the next four decades the number of Jews around the world is expected to increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 16.4 million in 2060.^[23]

Debate over United States numbers

The number of Jews in the United States has been much debated because of questions about counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.^[24] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.^[25] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio Della Pergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.^[26] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable”. However, he revised the United States Jewish number to 5.7 million in subsequent years.^[27][26] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.^[26] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting the number of Jewish Americans.

In 2020, the Pew Research Center's Jewish Americans 2020 study estimated there were 5.8 million adult Jews in the United States and 1.8 million children of at least one Jewish parent being raised as Jewish in some way, for a total of 7.5 million Jews, 2.5% of the national population.^[28] According to Sergio Della Pergola's narrower definition, which count children and adult Jews without religious affiliation only if they have two Jewish parents, this corresponds to 4.8 million Jewish adults and 1.2 million Jewish children in 2020.^[29] The American Jewish Population Project at Brandeis University, which synthesizes survey data from the 50 states and DC, estimates there are 7.63 million American Jews, 6 million adults and 1.6 million children.^[30]

United States  12000 Israel  6778 France  750 Canada  700 Russia  600 Palestine  413 United Kingdom  410 Argentina  350 Germany  275 Ukraine  200 Brazil  180 Australia  155 Hungary  131 Other  805 Total: 23747 Eligible Enlarged Connected Core Jewish population by country (1,000s, 2020)[31]

Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country. All data below, except the last column, are from the Berman Jewish DataBank at Stanford University in the World Jewish Population (2020) report coordinated by Sergio DellaPergola at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.^[31] The Jewish DataBank figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis:

• Core Jewish population refers to those who consider themselves Jews to the exclusion of all else.
• Connected Jewish population includes the core Jewish population and additionally those who say they are partly Jewish or that have Jewish background from at least one Jewish parent.
• Enlarged Jewish population includes the Jewish connected population and those who say they have Jewish background but not a Jewish parent, and all non-Jews living in households with Jews.
• Eligible Jewish population includes all those eligible for immigration to Israel under its Law of Return.
• National official population is the Jewish population reported by a national source. Note that the "National" results may not be entirely accurate, as other sources may have conflicting accounts of Jewish populations in some countries.

Table

Countries	Core population			Connected population			Enlarged population			Eligible population			National official
	Total	pct	pmp	Total	pct	pmp	Total	pct	pmp	Total	pct	pmp
Israel[a]	6,340,600	40	729,090	6,559,300	36	754,238	6,778,000	32	779,386	6,778,000	28	779,386	7,200,000 [32](2024)
United States	5,700,000	36	17,320	8,000,000	44	24,309	10,000,000	48	30,386	12,000,000	50	36,463	6,300,000 [33](2024)
France[b]	440,000	2.8	6,910	550,000	3.1	8,483	650,000	3.1	10,026	750,000	3.2	11,568	—
Palestine[c]	432,800	2.8	140,280	437,800	2.4	141,901	442,700	2.1	143,489	442,700	1.9	143,489	—
Canada	393,000	2.5	10,500	450,000	2.5	12,023	550,000	2.6	14,695	700,000	2.9	18,702	398,000 [34](2024)
United Kingdom[d]	292,000	1.9	4,370	330,000	1.8	4,939	370,000	1.8	5,537	410,000	1.7	6,136	312,000 [35][36][37](2024)
Argentina	175,000	1.1	3,990	260,000	1.4	5,779	310,000	1.5	6,891	360,000	1.5	8,002	—
Russia	155,000	0.99	1,060	320,000	1.8	2,188	460,000	2.2	3,146	600,000	2.5	4,103	157,673 [38](2010)
Australia	118,000	0.75	4,660	130,000	0.72	5,134	145,000	0.69	5,726	160,000	0.67	6,319	99,956 (2021)[39]
Germany	118,000	0.75	1,420	150,000	0.83	1,805	225,000	1.1	2,708	275,000	1.2	3,309	83,430 [40](2011)
Brazil	92,000	0.59	440	120,000	0.67	574	150,000	0.71	717	180,000	0.76	861	107,329 [39](2011)
South Africa	52,300	0.33	890	65,000	0.36	1,106	75,000	0.36	1,276	85,000	0.36	1,446	49,469 [41](2016)
Hungary	47,200	0.30	4,830	75,000	0.42	7,675	100,000	0.48	10,233	130,000	0.55	13,303	10,965 [39](2011)
Ukraine	45,000	0.29	1,070	90,000	0.50	2,140	140,000	0.67	3,329	200,000	0.84	4,756	103,878 [42](2001)
Mexico	40,000	0.25	320	45,000	0.25	360	50,000	0.24	400	65,000	0.27	520	67,476 [39](2010)
Netherlands	29,800	0.19	1,250	43,000	0.24	1,563	53,000	0.25	2,188	63,000	0.26	2,813	0.1% [43](2016)
Belgium	29,000	0.18	2,530	35,000	0.19	3,053	40,000	0.19	3,490	45,000	0.19	3,926	—
Italy	27,000	0.17	450	34,000	0.19	560	41,000	0.20	676	48,000	0.20	791	—
Switzerland	18,500	0.12	2,160	22,000	0.12	2,569	25,000	0.12	2,919	28,000	0.12	3,269	16,763 [39](2011)
Uruguay	16,000	0.10	4,690	20,000	0.11	5,685	24,000	0.11	6,822	28,000	0.12	7,959	—
Chile	16,000	0.10	840	20,000	0.11	1,050	24,000	0.11	1,260	28,000	0.12	1,470	14,976 [39](2002)
Sweden	15,000	0.096	1,460	20,000	0.11	1,947	25,000	0.12	2,433	30,000	0.13	2,920	—
Turkey	14,500	0.092	180	19,000	0.11	234	21,000	0.100	259	23,000	0.097	284	—
Spain	13,000	0.083	280	16,000	0.089	345	19,000	0.090	409	22,000	0.092	474	—
Austria	10,300	0.066	1,160	14,000	0.078	1,577	17,000	0.081	1,915	20,000	0.084	2,252	8,140 [39](2001)
Panama	10,000	0.064	2,370	11,000	0.061	2,607	12,000	0.057	2,844	13,000	0.055	3,081	—
Iran	9,500	0.061	110	10,500	0.058	122	12,000	0.057	139	13,000	0.055	151	9,826 [39](2016)
Romania	8,900	0.057	460	13,000	0.072	672	17,000	0.081	879	20,000	0.084	1,034	3,519 [39](2011)
Belarus	8,500	0.054	900	17,000	0.094	1,800	25,000	0.12	2,647	33,000	0.14	3,494	13,705 [44](2019)
New Zealand	7,500	0.048	1,510	8,500	0.047	1,711	9,500	0.045	1,913	10,500	0.044	2,114	5,274 [39](2018)
Azerbaijan	7,200	0.046	720	10,500	0.058	1,050	15,500	0.074	1,550	20,500	0.086	2,050	9,084 [44](2009)
Venezuela	6,000	0.038	210	10,000	0.055	350	12,000	0.057	420	14,000	0.059	490	9,500 [45][46](2010)
Denmark	6,400	0.041	1,100	7,500	0.042	1,289	8,500	0.040	1,461	9,500	0.040	1,633	—
India	4,800	0.031	3	6,000	0.033	4	7,500	0.036	5	9,000	0.038	6	4,650 [47](2011)
Latvia	4,500	0.029	2,350	8,000	0.044	4,178	12,000	0.057	6,267	16,000	0.067	8,356	8,210 [48](2019)
Poland	4,500	0.029	120	7,000	0.039	187	10,000	0.048	267	13,000	0.055	347	2,488 [49](2011)
Greece	4,100	0.026	380	5,200	0.029	482	6,000	0.029	556	7,000	0.029	649	—
Czech Republic	3,900	0.025	370	5,000	0.028	474	6,500	0.031	617	8,000	0.034	759	1,427 [50](2021)
Portugal	3,300	0.021	296	3,500	0.019	334	4,000	0.019	382	5,000	0.021	478	2,910 (2021)[51] - 15,000[52]
China[e]	3,000	0.019	2	3,200	0.018	2	3,400	0.016	2	3,600	0.015	3	—
Uzbekistan	2,900	0.018	90	6,000	0.033	186	8,000	0.038	248	10,000	0.042	310	94,689 [53](1989)
Ireland	2,700	0.017	550	3,600	0.020	733	5,000	0.024	1,019	6,500	0.027	1,324	1,921 [54](2016)
Slovakia	2,600	0.017	480	3,600	0.020	665	4,600	0.022	849	6,000	0.025	1,108	601 [55](2019)
Kazakhstan	2,500	0.016	140	4,800	0.027	269	6,500	0.031	364	9,500	0.040	532	5,281 [39](2009)
Costa Rica	2,500	0.016	490	2,800	0.016	549	3,100	0.015	608	3,400	0.014	666	—
Lithuania	2,400	0.015	860	4,700	0.026	1,684	7,500	0.036	2,688	10,500	0.044	3,763	1,229 [39](2011)
Colombia	2,100	0.013	40	2,800	0.016	53	3,500	0.017	67	4,500	0.019	86	—
Morocco	2,100	0.013	60	2,500	0.014	71	2,800	0.013	80	3,100	0.013	89	—
Bulgaria	2,000	0.013	290	4,000	0.022	580	6,000	0.029	870	8,000	0.034	1,160	1,162 [56](2011)
Moldova	1,900	0.012	540	3,800	0.021	1,080	7,500	0.036	2,132	10,000	0.042	2,842	1,601 [39](2014)
Estonia	1,900	0.012	1,430	2,700	0.015	2,032	3,500	0.017	2,634	4,500	0.019	3,387	1,921 [57](2019)
Peru	1,900	0.012	60	2,400	0.013	76	3,000	0.014	95	3,500	0.015	111	—
Croatia	1,700	0.011	420	2,400	0.013	593	3,100	0.015	766	3,800	0.016	939	536 [39](2011)
Georgia	1,500	0.0096	380	3,000	0.017	760	5,000	0.024	1,267	7,500	0.032	1,900	1,417 [39](2014)
Puerto Rico	1,500	0.0096	490	2,000	0.011	653	2,500	0.012	817	3,000	0.013	980	—
Serbia	1,400	0.0089	200	2,100	0.012	300	2,800	0.013	400	3,500	0.015	500	578 [39](2011)
Finland	1,300	0.0083	240	1,600	0.0089	295	1,900	0.0090	351	2,200	0.0092	406	1,093 [58](2017)
Norway	1,300	0.0083	240	1,600	0.0089	295	2,000	0.0095	369	2,500	0.011	462	761 [59](2021)
Tunisia	1,000	0.0064	90	1,200	0.0067	108	1,400	0.0067	126	1,600	0.0067	144	—
Japan	1,000	0.0064	10	1,200	0.0067	12	1,400	0.0067	14	1,600	0.0067	16	—
Paraguay	1,100	0.0070	150	1,300	0.0072	177	1,600	0.0076	218	1,900	0.0080	259	1,100 [39](2002)
Guatemala	900	0.0057	50	1,200	0.0067	67	1,500	0.0071	83	1,800	0.0076	100	—
Singapore	900	0.0057	160	1,000	0.0055	178	1,200	0.0057	213	1,400	0.0059	249	—
Ecuador	600	0.0038	30	800	0.0044	40	1,000	0.0048	50	1,200	0.0050	60	—
Gibraltar	800	0.0051	22,860	900	0.0050	25,718	1,000	0.0048	28,575	1,100	0.0046	31,433	763 [39](2012)
Luxembourg	700	0.0045	1,130	900	0.0050	1,453	1,100	0.0052	1,776	1,300	0.0055	2,099	—
Bolivia	500	0.0032	40	700	0.0039	56	900	0.0043	72	1,100	0.0046	88	—
Bosnia and Herzegovina	500	0.0032	140	800	0.0044	224	1,100	0.0052	308	1,400	0.0059	392	262 [60](2013)
Cuba	500	0.0032	40	1,000	0.0055	80	1,500	0.0071	120	2,000	0.0084	160	—
U.S. Virgin Islands	500	0.0032	3,810	600	0.0033	5,715	700	0.0033	6,668	800	0.0034	7,620	—
Kyrgyzstan	400	0.0025	60	700	0.0039	105	1,000	0.0048	150	1,500	0.0063	225	455 [61](2018)
Nicaragua	250	0.0016	36	250	0.0014	36	250	0.0012	36	250	0.0011	36	181 [62](2017)
Bahamas	200	0.0013	510	500	0.0028	1,275	700	0.0033	1,785	900	0.0038	2,295	191 [39](2010)
Kenya	300	0.0019	10	500	0.0028	17	700	0.0033	23	900	0.0038	30	—
Netherlands Antilles	400	0.0025	1,250	500	0.0028	1,563	700	0.0033	2,188	900	0.0038	2,813	—
Jamaica	500	0.0032	180	300	0.0017	108	400	0.0019	144	500	0.0021	180	506 [39](2011)
Suriname	200	0.0013	330	400	0.0022	660	600	0.0029	990	800	0.0034	1,320	181 [63](2012)
Thailand	200	0.0013	3	300	0.0017	4	400	0.0019	6	500	0.0021	7	—
Turkmenistan	200	0.0013	30	400	0.0022	60	600	0.0029	90	800	0.0034	120	1,537 [64](1995)
Zimbabwe	200	0.0013	10	400	0.0022	20	600	0.0029	30	800	0.0034	40	—
Armenia	100	0.00064	30	300	0.0017	90	500	0.0024	150	700	0.0029	210	127 [65](2011)
Bermuda	100	0.00064	1,540	200	0.0011	3,080	300	0.0014	4,620	400	0.0017	6,160	135 [39](2010)
Botswana	100	0.00064	40	200	0.0011	80	300	0.0014	120	400	0.0017	160	—
DR Congo	100	0.00064	1	200	0.0011	2	300	0.0014	3	400	0.0017	4	—
Cyprus	300	0.0019	6500	400	0.0022	6500	500	0.0024	6500	600	0.0025	6500	—
Barbados	100	0.00064	350	200	0.0011	700	300	0.0014	1,050	400	0.0017	1,400	103 [39](2011)
Dominican Republic	100	0.00064	10	200	0.0011	20	300	0.0014	30	400	0.0017	40	—
Egypt	100	0.00064	1	200	0.0011	2	300	0.0014	3	400	0.0017	4	—
El Salvador	100	0.00064	20	200	0.0011	40	300	0.0014	60	400	0.0017	80	—
Ethiopia	100	0.00064	1	500	0.0028	4	1,000	0.0048	8	2,500	0.011	20	—
Indonesia	100	0.00064	0	200	0.0011	1	300	0.0014	1	400	0.0017	1	—
Malta	100	0.00064	200	200	0.0011	400	300	0.0014	600	400	0.0017	800	—
Namibia	100	0.00064	40	200	0.0011	80	300	0.0014	120	400	0.0017	160	—
Nigeria	100	0.00064	0	200	0.0011	1	300	0.0014	1	400	0.0017	2	—
North Macedonia	100	0.00064	50	200	0.0011	100	300	0.0014	150	400	0.0017	200	66 [66](2021)
Madagascar	100	0.00064	3	200	0.0011	7	300	0.0014	10	400	0.0017	14	—
Philippines	100	0.00064	1	200	0.0011	2	300	0.0014	3	400	0.0017	3	—
Slovenia	100	0.00064	50	200	0.0011	100	300	0.0014	150	400	0.0017	200	99 [39](2001)
South Korea	100	0.00064	2	200	0.0011	4	300	0.0014	6	400	0.0017	8	—
Tajikistan	100	0.00064	5	200	0.0011	9	300	0.0014	14	400	0.0017	18	—
Taiwan	100	0.00064	4	200	0.0011	8	300	0.0014	13	400	0.0017	17	—
Uganda	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	7,189 [67](2014)
Aruba	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	354 [39](2018)
Mauritius	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	43 [39](2018)
Syria	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	38 [44][68](2020)
Anguilla	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	16 [39](2018)
Faroe Islands	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	12 [69](2020)
Iceland	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	55 [70](2020)
Montenegro	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	12 [39](2018)
British Virgin Islands	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	11 [39](2018)
Liechtenstein	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	26 [71](2020)
Falkland Islands	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 [39](2018)
World	15,700,000	100	1,920	18,030,900	100	2,341	21,005,700	100	2,727	23,809,100	100	3,091	—

pct = percent of total world population

pmp = per million people in country

Remnant and vanished populations

The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, particularly in the Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in nearly all Muslim lands; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewish community of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.^[72] Despite a 2,000-year history of Jewish presence, there are no longer any known Jews living in Afghanistan, as its last Jewish residents Zablon Simintov and Tova Moradi, fled the country in September^[73] and October 2021,^[74][75] respectively.

In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.^[76] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.^[77][78] In Yemen due to the ongoing civil war, the Yemenite Jews have faced persecution by the Houthis, who have demanded they convert to Islam or face mandatory expulsion from the country. The Israeli military has conducted operations evacuating the population and moving them to Israel.^[79] On 28 March 2021, 13 Jews were forced by the Houthis to leave Yemen, leaving the last four elderly Jews in Yemen.^[80][81] According to one report there are six Jews left in Yemen: one woman, her brother, three others, and Levi Salem Marahbi (who had been imprisoned for helping smuggle a Torah scroll out of Yemen).^[82]

• Aliyah
• Historical Jewish population
• Historical Jewish population by country
• Jewish ethnic divisions
• Judaism
• Judaism by country
• Jewish population by city

• Israelbooks.com Archived 9 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2004–2005: Between Thriving and Decline. Gefen Publishing House.
• Publications on Jewish population at the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner
• Jewish Population and Migration, by YIVO Encyclopedia