Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra[a] is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census.[5]
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra | |
|---|---|
| Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Khanty | Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ |
| • Mansi | Ханты-Мансийский Aвтономный Oкруг |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
| Anthem: Anthem of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | |
.svg) | |
| Coordinates: 62°15′N 70°10′E / 62.250°N 70.167°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | Urals[1] |
| Economic region | West Siberian[2] |
| Administrative center | Khanty-Mansiysk |
| Government | |
| • Body | Duma |
| • Governor | Natalya Komarova[3] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 534,801 km2 (206,488 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 9th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,711,480 |
| • Rank | 27th |
| • Density | 3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 92.0% |
| • Rural | 8.0% |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2  [6]) |
| ISO 3166 code | RU-KHM |
| License plates | 86, 186 |
| OKTMO ID | 71800000 |
| Official languages | Russian[7] |
| Recognised languages | Khanty • Mansi[citation needed] |
| Website | http://www.admhmao.ru/ |
The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples, but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi, are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.
In 2012, the majority (51%)[8] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world.It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.
History
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.[9]
Geography
The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.
Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan. There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto, Tormemtor, Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman, among others.[10]
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population: 1,674,676(2020);[11] 1,532,243 (2010 Russian census);[5] 1,432,817 (2002 Census);[12] 1,268,439 (1989 Soviet census).[13]
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km2, but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.
Settlements
Largest cities or towns in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug 2010 Russian Census | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
 Surgut  Nizhnevartovsk | 1 | Surgut | City of okrug significance of Surgut | 380,632 | |||||
| 2 | Nizhnevartovsk | City of okrug significance of Nizhnevartovsk | 277,668 | ||||||
| 3 | Nefteyugansk | City of okrug significance of Nefteyugansk | 127,255 | ||||||
| 4 | Khanty-Mansiysk | Town of okrug significance of Khanty-Mansiysk | 101,466 | ||||||
| 5 | Kogalym | Town of okrug significance of Kogalym | 67,727 | ||||||
| 6 | Nyagan | Town of okrug significance of Nyagan | 58,565 | ||||||
| 7 | Megion | Town of okrug significance of Megion | 46,643 | ||||||
| 8 | Langepas | Town of okrug significance of Langepas | 44,646 | ||||||
| 9 | Raduzhny | Town of okrug significance of Raduzhny | 43,666 | ||||||
| 10 | Pyt-Yakh | Town of okrug significance of Pyt-Yakh | 39,570 | ||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1939 | 92,932 | — |
| 1959 | 123,926 | +33.4% |
| 1970 | 271,157 | +118.8% |
| 1979 | 569,139 | +109.9% |
| 1989 | 1,268,439 | +122.9% |
| 2002 | 1,432,817 | +13.0% |
| 2010 | 1,532,243 | +6.9% |
| 2021 | 1,711,480 | +11.7% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Ethnic groups
The Indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, Komi, and Nenets) is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:
Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:[14]
| Ethnic Group | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Russian | 888,660 | 70.3% |
| Tatar | 79,727 | 6.3% |
| Ukrainian | 41,596 | 3.3% |
| Bashkir | 29,717 | 2.4% |
| Tajik | 21,791 | 1.7% |
| Azeri | 21,259 | 1.7% |
| Khanty | 19,568 | 1.5% |
| Lezgin | 15,268 | 1.2% |
| Kumyk | 13,669 | 1.1% |
| Uzbek | 12,361 | 1.0% |
| Mansi | 11,065 | 0.9% |
| Nogai | 9,990 | 0.8% |
| Chuvash | 7,786 | 0.6% |
| Chechen | 7,085 | 0.6% |
| Belarusian | 6,156 | 0.5% |
| Kyrgyz | 5,562 | 0.4% |
| Moldovan | 5,297 | 0.4% |
| Other | 48,194 | 3.8% |
Historical population figures are shown below:
| Ethnic group | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census1 | 2021 Census | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Khanty | 12,238 | 13.1% | 11,435 | 9.2% | 12,222 | 4.5% | 11,219 | 2.0% | 11,892 | 0.9% | 17,128 | 1.2% | 19,068 | 1.3% | 19,568 | 1.6% |
| Mansi | 5,768 | 6.2% | 5,644 | 4.6% | 6,684 | 2.5% | 6,156 | 1.1% | 6,562 | 0.5% | 9,894 | 0.7% | 10,977 | 0.8% | 11,065 | 0.9% |
| Nenets | 852 | 0.9% | 815 | 0.7% | 940 | 0.3% | 1,003 | 0.2% | 1,144 | 0.1% | 1,290 | 0.1% | 1,438 | 0.1% | 1,381 | 0.1% |
| Komi | 2,436 | 2.6% | 2,803 | 2.3% | 3,150 | 1.2% | 3,105 | 0.5% | 3,000 | 0.2% | 3,081 | 0.2% | 2,364 | 0.2% | 2,618 | 0.2% |
| Russians | 67,616 | 72.5% | 89,813 | 72.5% | 208,500 | 76.9% | 423,792 | 74.3% | 850,297 | 66.3% | 946,590 | 66.1% | 973,978 | 68.1% | 888,660 | 70.3% |
| Ukrainians | 1,111 | 1.2% | 4,363 | 3.5% | 9,986 | 3.7% | 45,484 | 8.0% | 148,317 | 11.6% | 123,238 | 8.6% | 91,323 | 6.4% | 41,596 | 3.3% |
| Tatars | 2,227 | 2.4% | 2,938 | 2.4% | 14,046 | 5.2% | 36,898 | 6.5% | 97,689 | 7.6% | 107,637 | 7.5% | 108,899 | 7.6% | 79,727 | 6.3% |
| Others | 1,026 | 1.1% | 6,115 | 4.9% | 15,629 | 5.8% | 43,106 | 7.6% | 163,495 | 12.7% | 223,959 | 15.6% | 173,536 | 15.5% | 219,465 | 17.3% |
| 1 102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[15] | ||||||||||||||||
Vital statistics
Source:[16]
| Average population (× 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 281 | 5 959 | 2 025 | 3 934 | 21.2 | 7.2 | 14.0 | |
| 1975 | 415 | 9 450 | 2 572 | 6 878 | 22.8 | 6.2 | 16.6 | |
| 1980 | 649 | 13 901 | 4 116 | 9 785 | 21.4 | 6.3 | 15.1 | |
| 1985 | 1 041 | 25 130 | 4 863 | 20 267 | 24.1 | 4.7 | 19.5 | |
| 1990 | 1 274 | 21 812 | 5 354 | 16 458 | 17.1 | 4.2 | 12.9 | |
| 1991 | 1 276 | 19 060 | 5 884 | 13 176 | 14.9 | 4.6 | 10.3 | |
| 1992 | 1 270 | 15 849 | 7 132 | 8 717 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 6.9 | |
| 1993 | 1 274 | 14 531 | 9 401 | 5 130 | 11.4 | 7.4 | 4.0 | 1,59 |
| 1994 | 1 286 | 15 120 | 9 937 | 5 183 | 11.8 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 1,59 |
| 1995 | 1 298 | 14 418 | 10 041 | 4 377 | 11.1 | 7.7 | 3.4 | 1,46 |
| 1996 | 1 310 | 14 469 | 9 508 | 4 961 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 1,39 |
| 1997 | 1 330 | 14 640 | 8 497 | 6 143 | 11.0 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 1,34 |
| 1998 | 1 351 | 15 600 | 8 164 | 7 436 | 11.5 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 1,39 |
| 1999 | 1 359 | 14 728 | 8 476 | 6 252 | 10.8 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 1,29 |
| 2000 | 1 372 | 15 579 | 9 426 | 6 153 | 11.4 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 1,34 |
| 2001 | 1 398 | 17 130 | 9 863 | 7 267 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 1,43 |
| 2002 | 1 426 | 19 051 | 9 829 | 9 222 | 13.4 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 1,54 |
| 2003 | 1 445 | 19 883 | 10 000 | 9 883 | 13.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 1,58 |
| 2004 | 1 456 | 20 377 | 9 828 | 10 549 | 14.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 1,59 |
| 2005 | 1 466 | 19 958 | 10 415 | 9 543 | 13.6 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 1,54 |
| 2006 | 1 476 | 20 366 | 10 077 | 10 289 | 13.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 1,56 |
| 2007 | 1 487 | 21 887 | 10 093 | 11 794 | 14.7 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 1,66 |
| 2008 | 1 500 | 23 197 | 10 215 | 12 982 | 15.5 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 1,74 |
| 2009 | 1 513 | 23 840 | 10 107 | 13 733 | 15.8 | 6.7 | 9.1 | 1,77 |
| 2010 | 1 527 | 25 089 | 10 447 | 14 642 | 16.4 | 6.8 | 9.6 | 1,84 |
| 2011 | 1 543 | 25 335 | 10 072 | 14 642 | 16.4 | 6.5 | 9.9 | 1,86 |
| 2012 | 1 558 | 27 686 | 9 949 | 17 737 | 17.6 | 6.3 | 11.3 | 2,02 |
Religion
According to a 2012 survey[17] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[17]According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut.[19]
Transport
In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.
See also
References
External links
- Official website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra Archived June 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
- Official site of Khanty-Mansi Duma (in Russian)
- Informational website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (in Russian)