List of Augustae

Augusta (Classical Latin: [au̯ˈɡʊsta]; plural Augustae; Greek: αὐγούστα)[1] was a Roman imperial honorific title given to empresses and honoured women of the imperial families. It was the feminine form of Augustus. In the third century, Augustae could also receive the titles of Mater Senatus ("Mother of the Senate") and Mater Castrorum ("Mother of the Camp") and Mater Patriae ("Mother of the Fatherland").

The title implied the greatest prestige. Augustae could issue their own coinage, wear imperial regalia, and rule their own courts.[1]

Wife of Claudius, Agrippina was the first wife of the emperor in Roman history to receive the throne of Augusta, a position she held for the rest of her life, ruling with her husband and son.

In the third century, Julia Domna was the first empress to receive the title combination "Pia Felix Augusta" after the death of her husband Septimius Severus, which may have implied greater powers being vested in her than was usual for a Roman empress mother and in this innumerable[clarification needed] official position and honor, she accompanied his son on an extensive military campaign and provincial tour.[2]

Principate period

Julio-Claudian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Livia
Livia Drvsilla
Ivlia Avgvsta
30 January 58 BCAD 14Wife of Emperor Augustus and mother of Emperor Tiberius.28 September AD 29
Antonia Minor
Antonia Minor
31 January 36 BC
Athens
AD 41
(posthumous)
Mother of Emperor Claudius.AD 37
Rome
Agrippina the Younger
Ivlia Avgvsta Agrippina
7 November AD 15
Oppidum Ubiorum
AD 50Wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero23 March AD 59
Misenum
Poppaea Sabina
Poppaea Avgvsta Sabina
AD 30
Pompeii
AD 63Wife of Emperor Nero.AD 65
Rome
Claudia Augusta
Clavdia Avgvsta
21 January AD 63
Antium
AD 63Daughter of Emperor Nero.April AD 63

Flavian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Domitilla the Younger
Flavia Domitilla Avgvsta
45Before 80Daughter of Emperor Vespasian.66
Domitia Longina
Domitia Longina Avgvsta
5080Wife of Emperor Domitian.After 120

Nerva–Antonine dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Pompeia Plotina
Pompeia Plotina Avgvsta
54–68105Wife of Emperor Trajan.123
Ulpia Marciana
Vlpia Marciana Avgvsta
48105Sister of Emperor Trajan.112–114
Salonia Matidia
Salonia Matidia Avgvsta
4 July 68112Niece of Emperor Trajan.23 December 119
Vibia Sabina
Vibia Sabina Avgvsta
13 August 83128Wife of Emperor Hadrian.136–137
Faustina the Elder
Annia Galeria Favstina Avgvsta
21 September 100138Wife of Emperor Antoninus Pius.140
Faustina the Younger
Annia Galeria Favstina Avgvsta Minor
125–1301 December 147[3]Daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius; wife of Emperor Marcus Aurelius; mother of Emperor Commodus.175
Lucilla
Annia Avrelia Galeria Lvcilla Avgvsta
148–150164Daughter of Emperor Marcus Aurelius and wife of Emperor Lucius Verus.182
Bruttia Crispina
Brvttia Crispina Avgvsta
164
Rome
177Wife of Emperor Commodus.191
Capri

Year of the Five Emperors

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Manlia Scantilla
Manlia Scantilla
193Wife of Emperor Didius Julianus.193
Didia Clara
Didia Clara
153
Rome
193Daughter of Emperor Didius Julianus.Unknown

Severan dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Julia Domna
  • Ivlia Domna Avgvsta[4]
  • Ivlia Avgvsta[4]
  • Ivlia Pia Felix Avgvsta[4]
c. 160Wife of Emperor Septimius Severus.217
Fulvia Plautilla
Pvblia Fvlvia Plavtilla Avgvsta
185—189210sWife of Emperor Caracalla.212
Julia Cornelia Paula
Jvlia Cornelia Pavla
219First wife of Emperor Elagabalus.
Aquilia Severa
Ivlia Aqvilia Severa Avgvsta
220Second and fourth wife of Emperor Elagabalus. As a Vestal Virgin her marriage to the Emperor was very controversial.
Julia Avita Mamaea
Ivlia Avita Mamaea Avgvsta
180222Mother of Emperor Alexander Severus and co-regent, in his name, during his adolescence.235
Sallustia Orbiana
Seia Herennia Sallvstia Barbia Orbiana Avgvsta
225Wife of Emperor Alexander Severus.

Crisis of the Third Century

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Tranquillina
Fvria Sabinia Tranqvillina Avgvsta
c. 225241Wife of Emperor Gordian III.After 244
Marcia Otacilia Severa
Marcia Otacilia Severa Avgvsta
240sWife of the Emperor Philip the Arab.
Herennia Etruscilla
Annia Cvpressenia Herennia Etrvscilla Avgvsta
UnknownSeptember 249Wife of Emperor Trajan Decius; mother of Emperor Herennius Etruscus and Emperor Hostilian.c. 253
Cornelia Supera
Caia Cornelia Svpera Avgvsta
253Wife of Aemilianus.
Cornelia Salonina
Ivlia Cornelia Salonina Avgvsta
Unknown253Wife of Emperor Gallienus.268
Sulpicia Dryantilla
Svlpicia Dryantilla
c. 260Wife of usurper Emperor Regalianus, who named her avgvsta as part of legitimizing his claim.260
Victoria271Mother of Victorinus271
Zenobia
Ivlia Avrelia Zenobia
240272Queen of the Palmyrene Empire, a short lived splinter empire that revolted during the Crisis. She proclaimed herself avgvsta and annexed the Eastern Mediterranean from Rome.c. 275
Ulpia Severina
Vlpia Severina Avgvsta
274Wife of Emperor Aurelian; possibly reigned in her own right after the death of her husband in 275.
Magnia Urbica
Magnia Vrbica Avgvsta
283Wife of Emperor Carinus.

Dominate period

Tetrarchy

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Galeria Valeria
Galeria Valeria Avgvsta
308Daughter of Emperor Diocletian and wife of Emperor Galerius.315

Constantinian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Fausta
Flavia Maxima Fausta Avgvsta
289324Wife of Constantine I and daughter of Emperor Maximian. Mother of: Constantina, Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans I and Helena.326
Helena
Flavia Ivlia Helena Avgvsta
246—250c.324–325Mother of Constantine I and ex-wife or mistress of Emperor Constantius Chlorus (separated before his accession as Caesar).18 August 330
Constantina
Avgvsta
307—317After 312, before 337.Daughter of Emperor Constantine I. Wife of Hannibalianus, Rex Regum et Ponticarum Gentium, "King of Kings and of the Pontic People". Wife of Caesar Constantius Gallus.354

Valentinianic dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Domnica
Domnica Avgvsta
364—378Wife of Emperor Valens.After 378
Galla Placidia
Galla Placidia Avgvsta
392c. 416Daughter of Theodosius I, wife of Constantius III, regent for her son Valentinian III.27 November 450
Justa Grata Honoria
Ivsta Grata Honoria Avgvsta
After 426Sister of Valentinian III.

Theodosian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Aelia Flaccilla
Aelia Flavia Flaccilla Avgvsta
Before 385Wife of Emperor Theodosius I.386
Eudoxia
Aelia Evdoxia Avgvsta
9 January 400Wife of Emperor Arcadius.6 October 404
Pulcheria
Aelia Pvlcheria Avgvsta
19 January 398–399414Daughter of Arcadius, sister of Theodosius II, sole ruler for a month following the death of Theodosius, then co-ruler with her husband Marcian.July 453
Eudocia
Aelia Evdocia Avgvsta
4012 January 423Wife of Theodosius II20 October 460
Licinia Eudoxia
Licinia Evdoxia Avgvsta
422439Daughter of Theodosius II, Wife of Valentinian III.462

Leonid dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Marcia Euphemia
Aelia Marcia Euphemia Avgvsta
c. 453Daughter of Marcian by an unknown woman. Wife of Anthemius.472
Verina
Aelia Verina Avgvsta
457Wife of Leo I, sister of Basiliscus, mother of Ariadne and Leontia.484
Ariadne
Aelia Ariadne Avgvsta
before 457474Daughter of Leo I. Wife of Zeno. Mother of Leo II. Wife of Anastasius I.515
Zenonis
Aelia Zenonis Avgvsta
475Wife of Basiliscus.476–477

Byzantine period

Justinian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Euphemia
Εὐφημία,
Euphemia Augusta
518Wife of Justin I. Originally named Lupicina, renamed Euphemia on her husband's accession.c.523/4, before 527.
Theodora I
Θεοδώρα,
Theodora Augusta
c. 5009 August 527Wife of Justinian I.28 June 548
Sophia
Σοφία,
Aelia Sophia Augusta
568Wife of Justin II, intermittent regent.c. 601
Ino Anastasia
Ἰνὼ Ἀναστασία,
Aelia Anastasia Augusta
578Wife of Emperor Tiberius II.593
Constantina
Κωνσταντῖνα
c. 560582Wife of Emperor Maurice.c. 605
Leontia
Λεοντία
602Wife of Emperor Phocas.

Heraclian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Augustina,
Αὐγουστίνα
639Daughter of Heraclius.
Martina
Μαρτίνα
639Second wife of Heraclius, regent of Constantine III and Heraclonas
Fausta
Φαύστα
c. 630642Wife of Constans II.After 668

Isaurian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Maria
Μαρία
25 August 718Wife of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian.
Anna
Ἄννα
741–742Wife of Artabasdos.
Eudokia
Ευδοκια
1 April 769Third wife of Emperor Constantine V.
Irene of Athens
Eἰρήνη η Ἀθηναία
c. 75217 December 769Wife of Emperor Leo IV the Khazar, empress dowager and regent from 780 to 797.9 August 803

Nikephorian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Prokopia
Προκοπία
c. 77012 October 811Daughter of Emperor Nikephoros I and wife of Michael I Rhangabe.After 813

Amorian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Theodora
the Armenian

Θεοδώρα
c. 815830Wife of Emperor Theophilos and regent of Michael III.After 867
Thekla
Θέκλα
830sDaughter of Theophilos.
Anna
Ἄννα
830sDaughter of Emperor Theophilos.
Anastasia
Ἀναστασία
830sDaughter of Emperor Theophilos.

Macedonian dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Zoe Zaoutzaina
Ζωή Ζαούτζαινα
898Third wife of Leo VI the WiseMay 899
Theodora
Θεοδώρα
921Wife of Romanos I.20 February 922
Helena Lekapene
Ἑλένη Λεκαπηνή
c. 910February 922Wife of Constantine VII.19 September 961
Sophia
Σοφία
February 922Wife of Christopher Lekapenos.
Anna
Ἄννα
933Daughter of Gabalas and wife of Stephen Lekapenos.

Komnenos dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Catherine of Bulgaria
Αἰκατερίνη
before 10181057Empress-consort of Emperor Isaac I Komnenos.after 1059

Doukid dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Eudokia Makrembolitissa
Ευδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα
c. 10211059–1067Second wife of Constantine X Doukas and later wife of Romanos IV Diogenes, also regent of Michael VII Doukas1096

Komnenos dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Anna Dalassene
Ἄννα Δαλασσηνή
10251081Mother of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.1102

Palaiologos dynasty

PortraitNameBirthDate of namingDescriptionDeath
Anna of Savoy
Ἄννα
1306c. 1326Wife of Andronikos III Palaiologos, mother and regent of John V Palaiologos.1365
Helena Dragaš
Ἑλένη Δραγάση
1372c. 1392Wife of Manuel II Palaiologos.1450

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links