This list of European countries by population comprises the 51 countries and 5 territories and dependencies in Europe, broadly defined, including Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and the countries of the Caucasus.
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The most populous European country is Russia, with a population of over 144 million. Turkey, with a population of about 85 million, straddles both Europe and Asia, with most of its population living within its Asian part; though within its territory in Europe, some one-tenth of its population is situated.[1] Excluding Turkey, Germany is the second-most populous country on the continent, with a population of about 84 million.
Table
The ranking here is according to the national figures, which may be estimates or somewhat out of date so the ranking of countries that are very close in population is approximate. The United Nations estimates are those published in the UN's World Population Prospects as of 2023[update],[2] which are based on censuses, population registers, surveys, and other statistics.[3] This list also includes the partially recognized country of Kosovo.
| Country / territory | UN estimate (2023) | % change | Official figure | Official date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 T |  Russia | 144,444,359 | −0.2% | 146,447,424 | 1 Jan 2023[4] | [a] |
| 2 T |  Turkey | 85,816,199 | 0.1% | 85,372,377 | 31 Dec 2023[5] | |
| 3 |  Germany | 83,294,633 | −0.1% | 84,607,016 | 30 Sep 2023[6] | |
| 4 T |  United Kingdom | 67,736,802 | 0.3% | 67,026,292 | 30 Jun 2021[7] | [b] |
| 5 T |  France | 64,756,584 | 0.2% | 68,221,000 | 1 Nov 2023[8] | [c] |
| 6 T |  Italy | 58,870,763 | −0.3% | 58,803,163 | 1 Apr 2023[9] | |
| 7 T |  Spain | 47,519,628 | −0.1% | 48,592,909 | 1 Jan 2024[10] | |
| 8 |  Poland | 41,026,068 | 2.9% | 37,749,000 | 31 Jan 2023[11] | |
| 9 |  Ukraine | 36,744,634 | −7.4% | 41,130,432 | 1 Feb 2022[12] | [d] |
| 10 |  Romania | 19,892,812 | 1.2% | 19,053,815 | 1 Jan 2022[13] | |
| 11 T |  Kazakhstan | 19,606,634 | 1.1% | 19,854,083 | 1 May 2023[14] | |
| 12 T |  Netherlands | 17,618,299 | 0.3% | 17,938,053 | 31 Oct 2023[15] | |
| 13 |  Belgium | 11,686,140 | 0.3% | 11,697,557 | 1 Jan 2023[16] | |
| 14 |  Sweden | 10,612,086 | 0.6% | 10,540,886 | 31 May 2023[17] | |
| 15 |  Czech Republic | 10,495,295 | 0% | 10,850,620 | 31 Mar 2023[18] | |
| 16 T |  Azerbaijan | 10,412,652 | 0.5% | 10,135,373 | 1 Mar 2023[19] | |
| 17 T |  Greece | 10,341,277 | −0.4% | 10,482,487 | 22 Oct 2021[20] | |
| 18 T |  Portugal | 10,247,605 | −0.2% | 10,444,240 | 31 Dec 2022[21] | |
| 19 |  Hungary | 9,604,000 | −3.6% | 9,597,085 | 1 Jan 2023[22] | |
| 20 |  Belarus | 9,498,238 | −0.4% | 9,200,600 | 1 Jan 2023[23] | |
| 21 |  Austria | 8,958,961 | 0.2% | 9,154,514 | 1 Oct 2023[24] | |
| 22 |  Switzerland | 8,796,669 | 0.6% | 8,931,306 | 30 Sep 2023[25] | |
| 23 |  Serbia | 7,149,077 | −1.0% | 6,641,197 | 1 Jan 2023[26] | [e] |
| 24 |  Bulgaria | 6,687,717 | −1.4% | 6,447,710 | 31 Dec 2022[27] | |
| 25 T |  Denmark | 5,910,913 | 0.5% | 5,959,464 | 1 Oct 2023[28] | |
| 26 |  Slovakia | 5,795,199 | 2.7% | 5,426,248 | 1 Apr 2023[29] | |
| 27 |  Finland | 5,545,475 | 0.1% | 5,599,869 | 31 Oct 2023[30] | |
| 28 T |  Norway | 5,474,360 | 0.7% | 5,533,582 | 30 Sep 2023[31] | |
| 29 |  Ireland | 5,056,935 | 0.7% | 5,149,139 | 3 Apr 2022[32] | |
| 30 |  Croatia | 4,008,617 | −0.5% | 3,879,074 | 31 Dec 2021[33] | |
| 31 T |  Georgia | 3,728,282 | −0.4% | 3,688,600 | 1 Jan 2022[34] | [f] |
| 32 |  Moldova | 3,435,931 | 5.0% | 2,597,100 | 1 Jan 2021[35] | |
| 33 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,210,848 | −0.7% | 3,219,415 | 15 Jun 2020[36] | |
| 34 |  Albania | 2,832,439 | −0.3% | 2,793,592 | 1 Jan 2022[37] | |
| 35 C |  Armenia | 2,777,971 | −0.1% | 2,961,600 | 1 Jan 2022[38] | |
| 36 |  Lithuania | 2,718,352 | −1.2% | 2,864,906 | 1 Jul 2023[39] | |
| 37 |  Slovenia | 2,119,675 | 0% | 2,107,180 | 1 Jan 2022[40] | |
| 38 |  North Macedonia | 2,085,679 | −0.4% | 1,836,713 | 31 Dec 2021[41] | |
| 39 |  Latvia | 1,830,212 | −1.1% | 1,886,300 | 1 May 2022[42] | |
| 40 |  Kosovo | 1,663,595 | 0.2% | 1,773,971 | 31 Dec 2021[43] | |
| 41 |  Estonia | 1,322,766 | −0.2% | 1,331,796 | 1 Jan 2022[44] | |
| 42 C |  Cyprus | 1,260,138 | 0.7% | 918,100 | 31 Oct 2021[45] | |
| 43 |  Luxembourg | 654,768 | 1.1% | 645,397 | 1 Jan 2022[46] | |
| 44 |  Montenegro | 626,485 | −0.1% | 617,683 | 1 Jan 2022[47] | |
| 45 |  Malta | 535,065 | 0.3% | 520,971 | 31 Dec 2021[48] | |
| 46 |  Iceland | 375,319 | 0.7% | 396,960 | 30 Sep 2023[49] | |
 Jersey (UK) | 111,803 | 0.9% | 103,267 | 21 Mar 2021[50] | ||
 Isle of Man (UK) | 84,710 | 0.2% | 84,069 | 24 Apr 2021[51] | ||
| 47 |  Andorra | 80,088 | 0.3% | 80,120 | 1 May 2022[52] | |
 Guernsey (UK) | 63,544 | 0.2% | 67,642 | 1 Jul 2023[53] | [g] | |
 Faroe Islands (Denmark) | 53,270 | 0.3% | 54,081 | 1 Sep 2022[57] | ||
| 48 |  Liechtenstein | 39,585 | 0.7% | 39,315 | 31 Dec 2021[58] | |
| 49 |  Monaco | 36,298 | −0.5% | 39,150 | 31 Dec 2021[59] | |
| 50 |  San Marino | 33,642 | −0.1% | 33,785 | 30 Sep 2022[60] | |
 Gibraltar (UK) | 32,688 | 0.1% | 34,003 | 26 Jun 2022[61] | ||
| 51 |  Vatican City | 518 | 1.6% | 764 | 26 Jun 2023[62] | [h] |
See also
- Area and population of European countries
- List of European countries by area
- List of European countries by life expectancy
- List of European countries by population growth rate
- List of European Union member states by population
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
- List of urban areas of the European Union