Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing series administered by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.[1] The "formula" in the name alludes to a series of rules set by the FIA to which all participants and vehicles are required to conform.[1][2] The F1 World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, usually held on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets.[3] A points scoring system is used for each Grand Prix held over the course of the F1 season to determine the outcome of two annual championships, one for drivers (World Drivers' Championship) since 1950, and one for constructors (World Constructors' Championship) since 1958.[1][4] Each driver accumulates championship points individually in the World Drivers' Championship and collectively for the team they compete for in the World Constructors' Championship.[4] Both championships are formally awarded at the end-of-season FIA Prize Giving Ceremony to the driver and team with the most points.[4][5][6]
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As of the 2024 Chinese Grand Prix,[update] 352 drivers have scored Drivers' Championship points,[7][8] and 70 out of 170 teams have scored Constructors' Championship points,[9][10] in 1,106 World Championship races.[11] Lewis Hamilton has the highest Drivers' Championship points total with 4658.5, Sebastian Vettel is second with 3098 and Max Verstappen is third with 2696.5.[7][12] Scuderia Ferrari holds the record for the highest Constructors' Championship points total with 9823, Red Bull Racing is second with 7443, and Mercedes is third with 7274.5.[9][12] Drivers received an equal points distribution share if they shared a car with another or set the same fastest lap as another between 1950 and 1957. Second drivers of teams who officially entered only one car were ineligible for points on two occasions involving three drivers.[13][14]
Records and achievements
Jim Clark is the most dominant Drivers' Champion in terms of points scored, with a maximum of 54 points (7 and 6 wins, respectively) in both 1963 and 1965. More recently, Michael Schumacher finished on the podium in every race in the 2002 season, earning 144 of a possible 170 points.[15] The most dominant Constructors' Champion in recent times was McLaren in 1988, scoring 199 of a maximum 240 points and finishing 134 points ahead of its nearest rival.[16][17] In 2002, Ferrari scored 221 points, as many as all the other teams combined.[18]
Robert Kubica has the longest time between two successive points-scoring results: 8 years and 256 days (between the 2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and the 2019 German Grand Prix).[19] Michael Schumacher has the longest time between his first and last points-scoring results: he scored his first points in the 1991 Italian Grand Prix and his last at the 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix, a span of 21 years, 2 months, and 17 days.[20] Hamilton holds the record for most consecutive points-scoring results at 48 Grands Prix: from the 2018 British Grand Prix to the 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix.[21] Max Verstappen is the youngest driver to score a championship point; he finished seventh at the 2015 Malaysian Grand Prix when he was 17 years and 180 days old.[22] Philippe Étancelin is the oldest driver to score a championship point; he was 53 years and 249 days old when he finished fifth at the 1950 Italian Grand Prix.[23]
History
The points scoring has been changed several times throughout F1 history.[13][24] Participants in every season until 1990 could only achieve Drivers' Championship points for their best-placed finishes in a specified maximum number of races.[24] Up until 1979, most years saw only the highest-scoring participant in each Grand Prix for each constructor contributing points towards the Drivers' title.[13] From 1950 to 1959, the top five finishers of each race plus the fastest lap setter tallied points. The format was expanded to include the first six finishers of each event between 1960 and 2002 but with no point for fastest lap.[24] In 2003, the FIA revised the structure to the top eight finishers of each race.[25] The FIA extended the system again to include the first ten Grand Prix finishers in 2010.[26] Each Grand Prix winner tallied 8 points from 1950 to 1960, 9 from 1961 to 1990, 10 between 1991 and 2009, and 25 since 2010.[24]
Half points were awarded for six Grands Prix that were red-flagged before a certain threshold in a race progression was reached (at different times being either 60% or 75% of the scheduled race distance);[27][28] starting from around 1977 to 1980 until the end of the 2021 season,[27] no points were able to be accumulated should a race conclude early with the leader having completed two or fewer laps.[29] Following the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix in which half points were awarded to the first ten finishers despite no racing laps being completed, the standards by which a driver can tally championship points should a Grand Prix be suspended before full distance is covered and not be restarted, were changed to a gradual scale system beginning in 2022. No points are awarded unless the race leader completes two or more racing laps without the intervention of a safety car or virtual safety car. Only the top five finishers are eligible for championship points if the race leader completes more than two racing laps but covers less than 25% of the race distance. That switches to the top nine places should the race leader complete between 25% and 50% of race distance. If the race leader covers between 50% and 75% of race distance then participants finishing in the top ten positions tally points. Full championship points are tallied should the race leader complete 75% or more of the scheduled race distance.[30][31] Following initial confusion over how points were awarded at the 2022 Japanese Grand Prix, the FIA clarified the drivers are also eligible for full points if the race finishes under green flag conditions regardless of the percentage of the scheduled race distance that has been covered.[32] In 2023, the FIA clarified that shortened races would be subject to the gradual scale system "if the race distance from the start signal to the end-of-session signal is less than the scheduled race distance."[33]
Sprint qualifying was introduced in 2021 to set the starting order at three Grands Prix that season and the top three finishers of each of these mini-races received points.[34] The first eight drivers were awarded points in three sprint races in 2022,[35] and in six sprint races in 2023.[36]
The fastest lap bonus point was re-introduced in 2019, however only drivers and constructors who finished in the top ten are eligible to score the point.[37] From 2022, the fastest lap point is only awarded if 50% or more of the scheduled race distance is completed.[31] Unlike various other motor racing series (e.g., the IndyCar Series), F1 has never awarded bonus points to drivers for leading the most laps or qualifying on pole position.[24]
Points scoring systems
| Seasons | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | Fastest lap | Drivers' Championship | Constructors' Championship | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1953 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 4 | N/A | [a][b] |
| 1954 | 5 | [a][b][c] | ||||||||||||
| 1955 | [a][c][d] | |||||||||||||
| 1956–1957 | [a][c][d][e][f] | |||||||||||||
| 1958 | 6 | [c][f][g][h][i][j] | ||||||||||||
| 1959 | 5 | [c][h][i][j] | ||||||||||||
| 1960 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | [h][j] | |
| 1961 | 9 (D) | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | [h][k] | |
| 8 (C) | ||||||||||||||
| 1962 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | [h] | ||
| 1963–1965 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| 1966 | 5 | [f][h][l] | ||||||||||||
| 1967 | 9 (5 from first 6, 4 from last 5) | |||||||||||||
| 1968 | 10 (5 from both first and last 6) | [h] | ||||||||||||
| 1969 | 9 (5 from first 6, 4 from last 5) | [f][h] | ||||||||||||
| 1970 | 11 (6 from first 7, 5 from last 6) | [h] | ||||||||||||
| 1971 | 9 (5 from first 6, 4 from last 5) | |||||||||||||
| 1972 | 10 (5 from both first and last 6) | |||||||||||||
| 1973–1974 | 13 (7 from first 8, 6 from last 7) | |||||||||||||
| 1975 | 12 (6 each from first and last 7) | |||||||||||||
| 1976 | 14 (7 from each of first and last 8) | |||||||||||||
| 1977 | 15 (8 from first 9, 7 from last 8) | |||||||||||||
| 1978 | 14 (7 from each of first and last 8) | |||||||||||||
| 1979 | 8 (4 from first 7, 4 from last 8) | All | – | |||||||||||
| 1980 | 10 (5 from both first and last 7) | |||||||||||||
| 1981–1990 | 11 | [m] | ||||||||||||
| 1991–2002 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | All | – | |
| 2003–2009 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | |||
| 2010–2018 | 25 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | – | [n] | ||
| 2019–present | 25 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | [o][p] | ||
Special cases
| Seasons | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | [q] |
| 2022–present | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | [r][s] |
| Seasons | Race length completed | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | Fastest lap | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975–1976 | Less than 30% | – | – | [t][u] | |||||||||
| Between 30% and 60% | Half | ||||||||||||
| 60% – 100% | Full | ||||||||||||
| 1980–2021 | Less than two laps | – | [u][v][p] | ||||||||||
| Between two laps and less than 75% | Half | ||||||||||||
| 75% – 100% | Full | ||||||||||||
| 2022 | Less than two full racing laps | – | – | [w] | |||||||||
| Between two racing laps and less than 25% (if race ends under red flag conditions) | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Between 25% and less than 50% (if race ends under red flag conditions) | 13 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | |||
| Between 50% and less than 75% (if race ends under red flag conditions) | 19 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 75% – 100% (if race ends under red flag conditions), or two or more racing laps (if race ends under green flag conditions before the scheduled race distance is completed, due to having been curtailed by the two-hour time limit) | Full | ||||||||||||
| 2023–present | Less than two full racing laps | – | – | [x] | |||||||||
| Between two racing laps and less than 25% | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Between 25% and less than 50% | 13 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | |||
| Between 50% and less than 75% | 19 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 75% – 100% | Full | ||||||||||||
See also
Notes
References
- General
- "Results". Formula One. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- Specific
Bibliography
- Guichard, Ami; Wilkins, Gordon (1961). Automobile Year 1961/62. Lausanne, Switzerland: Edita S.A. ISBN 978-88-95234-53-3.
- Hayhoe, David (1989). Kimberley Grand Prix Data Book: Formula 1 Racing Facts and Figures 1950 to Date. Sparkford, England: Haynes Publishing. ISBN 0-946132-63-1 – via Open Library.
- Hughes, Mark; Tremayne, David (2002). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula 1. Bath, England: Parragon. ISBN 0-75258-766-8 – via Open Library.
- Jones, Bruce (2015). World Formula 1 Records 2016 (Fifth ed.). London, England: SevenOaks. ISBN 978-1-78177-268-3.
- Arron, Simon; Dodgins, Tony (2022). Formula One: The Pinnacle: The Pivotal Events That Made Formula 1 Motorsport's Greatest Series. Brighton, England: Ivy Press. ISBN 978-0-7112-7420-4.