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List of Mongol rulers

The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire.
Mongol Empire and its fragmentation
Imperial Seal of the Mongols
Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206)

RulerReignInformation
Kaidu1030 - 1060The first Khan to unite the Mongol clans[1]
Khabul Khanc. 1130 - 1148The first Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation[2]
Ambaghai Khan1148 - 1156The second Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Hotula Khan1156 - 1161The third Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Yesugeic. 1160 - 1171De facto ruler of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Genghis Khan1160 - 1206Chieftain of the Borjigin clan

Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty

Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor').

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

B. Sumiyabaatar/ Б.Сумьяабаатар, "Чинcгий алтан ургийн үгийн бичиг ба гэрийн үеийн бичмэл", "Genealogy of Mongols", 720 pp., ISBN 99929-5-552-X
RulerReignInformation
Genghis Khan1206 - 1227The first Khan of the Mongol Empire
Tolui Khan1227 - 1229Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan
Ögedei KhanSeptember 13, 1229 - December 11, 1241The second Khan of the Mongol Empire
Töregene Khatun1242 - 1246Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan
Güyük KhanAugust 24, 1246 - April 20, 1248The third Khan of the Mongol Empire
Oghul Qaimish1248 - 1251Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251
Möngke KhanJuly 1, 1251 - August 11, 1259The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire
Ariq BökeAugust 11, 1259 - August 12, 1264Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War.
Kublai KhanDecember 18, 1271 - February 18, 1294The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Temür KhanMay 10, 1294 - February 10, 1307The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Külüg KhanJune 21, 1307 - January 27, 1311The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Ayurbarwada Buyantu KhanApril 7, 1311 - March 1, 1320The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Gegeen KhanApril 19, 1320 - September 4, 1323The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Yesün TemürOctober 4, 1323 - August 15, 1328The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Ragibagh KhanOctober 1328 - November 14, 1328The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Jayaatu Khan Tugh TemürOctober 16, 1328 - February 26, 1329[3] (first reign)
September 8, 1329 – September 2, 1332 (second reign)		The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Khutughtu Khan KusalaFebruary 27, 1329 - August 30, 1329The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür.
Rinchinbal KhanOctober 23, 1332 – December 14, 1332The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Toghon TemürJuly 19, 1333 – September 10, 1368[3]The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Golden Horde

Left wing (White Horde)

This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids in 1446.

Right wing (Blue Horde)

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

RulerReignInformation
Batu Khan1227 - 1255The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde).
Sartaq Khan1256 - 1257The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Ulaghchi1257The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism.
Berke Khan1257 - 1266The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War.
Mengu-Timur1266 - 1280The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tode Mongke1280 - 1287The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Talabuga1287 - 1291The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Toqta1291 - 1312The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Özbeg Khan1313 - 1341The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tini Beg1341 - 1342The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Jani Beg1342 - 1357The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Berdi Beg1357 - 1359The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
QulpaAugust 1359 - February 1360The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Nawruz Beg1360The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Khiḍr Khan1360 - 1361The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Timur Khwaja1361The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Ordu Malik1361The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Kildi Beg1361 - 1362The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Abdallāh1361 - 1370The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulun Beg Khanum1370 - 1371The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Muhammad Sultan1370/1371 - 1379The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulak1379 - 1380The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.

Great Horde (1466–1502)

Ilkhanate

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

  • Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
  • Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Chobanids (1335–1357)

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

Injuids (1335–1357)

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)

Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

.

Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate

Kara Del (1383–1513)

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)

Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)

Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

  • Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
  • Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
  • Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
  • Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

Jasagtu Khans

  • Laikhur Khan
  • Subandai Khan
  • Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
  • Chambun Khan (1670?–)
  • Zenggün
  • Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans

  • Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
  • Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
  • Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.

Ancestry of Navaanneren /1910–1922/, eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

Oirats

Four Oirat (1399–1634)

  • Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
  • Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
  • Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
  • Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
  • Esen (1438–1454)
  • Amasanj (1454–1455)
  • Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
  • Khishig Urlugh
  • Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

  • Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
  • Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
  • Puntsuk (1661–1669)
  • Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
  • Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
  • Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
  • Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)

RulerPhotoReignSealInformation
Bogd Khan December 29, 1911 - May 20, 1924 The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.

See also

References

Citations

Sources

  • Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
  • Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
  • William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
  • Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.
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