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List of Symphyotrichum species

Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae which includes the commonly cultivated New York aster (S. novi-belgii) and New England aster (S. novae-angliae). Its species are widespread in the Americas, including as far north as subarctic North America to as far south as Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. One species has a native range extending into eastern Eurasia.

Symphyotrichum genus
Collage image of nine Symphyotrichum species: S. carnerosanum (light purple rays with yellow centers), S. chilense (long bright purple rays with yellow centers), S. adnatum (short light purple rays with brownish-yellow centers), S. lateriflorum (very short white rays with yellow and bright pink centers), S. concolor (bright purple rays with pale yellow centers), S. ericoides (short white rays with yellow centers), S. defoliatum (medium-length bright light purple rays with bright yellow centers), S. ciliatum (no rays with bright yellow centers and many green bracts surrounding the flower heads), and S. novae-angliae (very bright and strong purple rays with yellow centers)
Some Symphyotrichum species left–right, top–bottom are shown: S. carnerosanum, S. chilense, S. adnatum, S. lateriflorum, S. concolor, S. ericoides, S. defoliatum, S. ciliatum, S. novae-angliae.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Asterids
Order:Asterales
Family:Asteraceae
Subfamily:Asteroideae
Tribe:Astereae
Subtribe:Symphyotrichinae
Genus:Symphyotrichum
Nees

Most of the species in the genus are perennials. The flower heads have white, pink, purple, or blue ray florets surrounding white to yellow disk florets. The disk floret corollas become pink, purple, or brown after pollination. The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.

Symphyotrichum is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae. There are 98 species in the genus, some with varieties, and thirteen named hybrids. The genus is split into five subgenera: Chapmaniana, Astropolium, Virgulus, Ascendentes, and Symphyotrichum. Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters now are separated into monophyletic genera based on multiple phylogenetic studies.

Conventions

NatureServe conservation categories
  • NatureServe conservation categories
    Conservation status
     GX Presumed Extinct (0 species)
     GH Possibly Extinct (0 species)
     G1 Critically Imperiled (3 species)
     G2 Imperiled (9 species)
     G3 Vulnerable (7 species)
     G4 Apparently Secure (21 species)
     G5 Secure (37 species)
    Other categories
     GNA Not Applicable (8 species)
     GNR Not Ranked (0 species)
     NL Not listed (25 species)

Conservation status codes follow the NatureServe conservation (NS) rounded global status scheme. Hybrids have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used here to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA and GNR) and those not in NatureServe. Type species for each clade are in a separate table.

Legend
Scientific name
and picture		Author citationBasionymYearCommon name(s) [and varieties]NSHabitatDistribution
Abbreviated scientific name, link to species article,[a] and picture, if availableAuthor citationBasionymYear of the original species descriptionCommon name(s) and varieties, if applicableNatureServe rounded global conservation statusHabitatDistribution map

Classification

Classification of Symphyotrichum

     

Symphyotrichum[ref 1]: 818 

(other subtribes)

 

Cladogram references

Classification within Symphyotrichum

Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.[5][6] S. novae-angliae and S. turbinellum are monotypic within sections. S. novae-angliae is classified in the subgenus Virgulus. In 1994, it was placed in section Grandiflori, subsection Polyligulae.[7] In 2002, it was segregated within its own section Polyliguli.[8] The list follows the 2002 circumscription of section Polyliguli for the species. S. turbinellum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum. It has been placed within its own section Turbinelli.[8] It was previously placed in section Symphyotrichum, subsection Turbinelli.[9] The list follows the more recent circumscription of section Turbinelli for the species.


Clades

Type species
CladeType speciesSource
Genus SymphyotrichumS. novi-belgii[13]
Subgenus ChapmanianaS. chapmanii[8]
Subgenus AstropoliumS. tenuifolium[8]
Subgenus VirgulusS. concolor[10]
Section EricoideiS. ericoides[11]
Section PatentesS. patens[11]
Subsection BrachyphylliS. walteri[11]
Subsection PatentesS. patens[11]
Section GrandifloriS. grandiflorum[7]
Subsection MexicanaeS. moranense[7]
Subsection GrandifloriS. grandiflorum[7]
Section PolyliguliS. novae-angliae[8]
Section ConcoloresS. concolor[12]
Subgenus AscendentesS. ascendens[8]
Subgenus SymphyotrichumS. novi-belgii[15]
Section ConyzopsisS. ciliatum[14]
Section OccidentalesS. spathulatum[14]
Section TurbinelliS. turbinellum[8]
Section SymphyotrichumS. novi-belgii[15]
Subsection DumosiS. dumosum[9]
Subsection HeterophylliS. cordifolium[8]
Series ConcinniS. laeve[8]
Series CordifoliiS. cordifolium[8]
Subsection PorterianiS. porteri[16]
Subsection SymphyotrichumS. novi-belgii
Series PuniceiS. puniceum[8]
Series SymphyotrichumS. novi-belgii
Species classifications


Species list

Subgenus Chapmaniana

Subgenus Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[8] – one species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
S. chapmanii
(Torr. & A.Gray)
Semple & Brouillet		Aster chapmanii1841Savanna aster G2 Wetlands, bogs, acid swamps
0–30 m (0–100 ft)
[21]

Subgenus Astropolium

Subgenus Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[8] – twelve species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varietiesNS
[20]		HabitatDistribution
[17]
S. divaricatum
(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		Tripolium divaricatum1840Southern annual saltmarsh aster[22] G5 Marshy habitats, roadsides, lawns, and waste places
0–1,500 m (0–4,921 ft)[19]
[23][22]
S. glabrifolium
(DC.)
G.L.Nesom		Erigeron glabrifolius1836 NL Wet meadows and stream edges
1,500–2,400 m (4,920–7,870 ft)[24]
[24]
S. graminifolium
(Spreng.)
G.L.Nesom		Conyza graminifolia1826 NL Humid places[25]
S. martii
(Baker)
G.L.Nesom		Aster martii1882 NL Cerrado savanna, grasslands[26]
[26]
S. parviflorum
(Nees)
G.L.Nesom		Aster parviflorus1818Southwestern annual saltmarsh aster[27] NL Marshy habitats and roadsides
0–1,100 m (0–3,609 ft)[28]
[29]
S. patagonicum
(Cabrera)
G.L.Nesom		Aster patagonicus1971 NL Mallines and lagoon edges
500–2,500 m (1,640–8,200 ft)[30]
[30]
S. peteroanum
(Phil.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster peteroanus1894 NL Humid montane ecosystems
1,000–2,200 m (3,280–7,220 ft)[31]
[31]
S. potosinum
(A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		Aster potosinus1880Santa Rita Mountain aster[19] G2 Muddy and wet soils on stream banks
1,500–1,900 m (4,920–6,230 ft)[19]
[20][32]
S. regnellii
(Baker)
G.L.Nesom		Aster regnellii1882 NL Swamps or damp savanna soils[33]
[33][17]
S. subulatum
(Michx.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster subulatus1803
  • Annual saltmarsh aster
  • Eastern annual saltmarsh aster[19]

Three varieties[34]
  • S. s. var. subulatum
  • S. s. var. elongatum (Bahaman aster)
  • S. s. var. squamatum (southeastern annual saltmarsh aster)
 G5 Brackish marshes, salt marshes, roadsides
0–4,000 m (0–13,120 ft)[34]
S. tenuifolium
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster tenuifolius1753Perennial saltmarsh aster[19]

Two varieties[35]
  • S. t. var. tenuifolium
  • S. t. var. aphyllum (Brace’s aster)
 G5 Coastal salt marshes, brackish marshes, low pine woods
0–10 m (0–30 ft)[35]
S. vahlii
(Gaudich.)
G.L.Nesom		Erigeron vahlii1825
  • Margarita
  • Marsh daisy[36]

Two varieties[17]
  • S. v. var. vahlii
  • S. v. var. tenuifolium
 NL Grassland, heathland, peaty soil, sandy soil
20–1,200 m (70–3,940 ft)[37]

Subgenus Virgulus

Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[10]

Section Ericoidei

Section Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		HabitatDistribution
S. ericoides
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster ericoides1753White heath aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. e. var. ericoides
  • S. e. var. pansum
 G5 Open locations with sandy, gravelly, or disturbed soil
30–2,400 m (100–7,870 ft)[38]
[17][39]
S. falcatum
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster falcatus1834
  • Western heath aster
  • White prairie aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. f. var. falcatum
  • S. f. var. commutatum
 G5 Well-drained soils, stream banks and slopes, and others
200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft)[38]
[17][40]

Section Patentes

Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11]

Subsection Brachyphylli
Subsection Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. adnatum
(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster adnatus1834Scaleleaf aster G4 Sandy soils, scrub, woods
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
S. walteri
(Alexander)
G.L.Nesom		Aster walteri1933Walter's aster G4 Sandy and clay soils, woods edges, open areas
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Subsection Patentes
Subsection Patentes – three species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. georgianum
(Alexander)
G.L.Nesom		Aster georgianus1933Georgia aster G3 Sandy or clay soil, woodlands, mostly Piedmont
0–300 m (0–980 ft)
S. patens
(Aiton)
G.L.Nesom		Aster patens1789
  • Late purple aster
  • Spreading aster

Three varieties[17]
  • S. p. var. patens
  • S. p. var. gracile
  • S. p. var. patentissimum
 G5 Dry woodlands, sandy or clay soils, fields
0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)[38]
[17][41]
S. phlogifolium
(Muhl. ex Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster phlogifolius1803Thinleaf late purple aster G5 Various soils, rich mesic hardwood forests
0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft)

Section Grandiflori

Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]

Subsection Mexicanae
Subsection Mexicanae G.L.Nesom[7] – seven species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)NS
[20]		HabitatDistribution
S. bimater
(Standl. & Steyerm.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster bimater1944 NL Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings
1,000–2,150 m (3,280–7,050 ft)[42]
[42]
S. chihuahuenseG.L.Nesom2018 NL Grassland, oak-pine woods
1,800–2,500 m (5,910–8,200 ft)[43]
[43]
S. hintonii
(G.L.Nesom)
G.L.Nesom		Aster hintonii1989 NL Oak and oak-pine woods
1,400–2,200 m (4,590–7,220 ft)[44]
[44]
S. moranense
(Kunth)
G.L.Nesom		Aster moranensis1818 NL Grassland, woodlands
1,000–2,750 m (3,280–9,020 ft)[45]
[45]
S. purpurascens(Sch.Bip.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster purpurascens1854 NL Open woods
1,500–2,850 m (4,920–9,350 ft)[46]
[43]
S. trilineatum
(Sch.Bip. ex Klatt)
G.L.Nesom		Aster trilineatus1884 NL Mountains (sierra)[47]
975–2,840 m (3,200–9,320 ft)[48]
[48][17]
S. turneri
(S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones)
G.L.Nesom		Aster moranensis var. turneri1986 NL Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures
2,050–2,750 m (6,730–9,020 ft)[44]
[44]
Subsection Grandiflori
Subsection Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7] – eight species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. campestre
(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster campestris1840Western meadow aster G5 Dry habitats, rocky and sandy soils near ponds and streams
1,500–2,500 m (4,920–8,200 ft)
S. estesii
Semple[49]2019[49]
  • May Prairie aster
  • Estes's aster[50]
 G1 Hydroxeric soils in open, sunny, flat prairies
Approx. 330 m (1,070 ft)[b][51]		May Prairie State
Natural Area
Coffee County,
Tennessee (US)[50]
S. fendleri
(A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		Aster fendleri1849Fendler's aster G4 Open, sandy, silty, shaly, often rocky soils and similar
600–2,000 m (1,970–6,560 ft)
S. fontinale
(Alexander)
G.L.Nesom		Aster fontinalis1933Florida water aster G3 Marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, streams
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
[52][53][54]
S. grandiflorum
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster grandiflorus1753Large-flowered aster G4 Sandy soils and hills, thickets, roadsides
0–200 m (0–660 ft) and higher
S. oblongifolium
(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster oblongifolius1818
  • Aromatic aster
  • Oblong-leaved aster
 G5 Open and dry, rocky or sandy soils
100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft)
[19]
S. pygmaeum
(Lindl.)
Brouillet & Selliah		Aster pygmaeus1834Pygmy aster G4 Sandy or silty wet areas, gravelly tundra, tundra slopes
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
[55]
S. yukonense
(Cronquist)
G.L.Nesom		Aster yukonensis1945Yukon aster G3 Mud flats, rocky or silty lakeshores
300–1,500 m (980–4,920 ft)
[56]

Section Polyliguli

Section Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple[8] – one species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[19]
S. novae-angliae
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster novae-angliae1753New England aster G5 Open, typically moist habitats
0–1,600 m (0–5,250 ft)

Section Concolores

Section Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12] – five species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. concolor
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster concolor1753Eastern silver aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. c. var. concolor
  • S. c. var. devestitum
 G5 Scrub, flatwoods, fields, roadsides
0–600 m (0–1,970 ft)[38]
S. lucayanum
(Britton)
G.L.Nesom		Aster lucayanus1906Pineland aster[57] NL Pine woodlands and wetland edges[57]
0–12 m (0–40 ft)[c]		Endemic to the island of Grand Bahama[57]
S. plumosum
(Small)
Semple		Aster plumosus1924 G2 Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods
0–40 m (0–130 ft)
[20]
S. pratense
(Raf.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster pratensis1817Barrens silky aster G4 Prairies and fields, woodland and scrub, roadsides
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
S. sericeum
(Vent.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster sericeus1800Western silvery aster G5 Many open habitats
100–500 m (330–1,640 ft)

Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids

Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids – three
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)ParentsHabitatDistribution
[17]
S. × amethystinum
(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster amethystinus1840Amethyst aster[58]S. ericoides ×
S. novae-angliae[59]		Prairies or fields, disturbed ground, near parent plants
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)[58]
S. × batesii(Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster batesii1931S. ericoides ×
S. oblongifolium[60]
S. × columbianum(Piper)
G.L.Nesom		Aster columbianus1913S. campestre ×
S. ericoides[61]

Subgenus Ascendentes

This subgenus contains two allopolyploid species derived from the historic hybridization of plants from the subgenera Symphyotrichum and Virgulus.[62]

Subgenus Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[8] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		HabitatDistribution
S. ascendens
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster ascendens1834
  • Long-leaved aster
  • Intermountain aster
  • Western aster
 G5 Grasslands, sagebrush steppe, meadows
500–3,200 m (1,640–10,500 ft)[19]
[17]
S. defoliatum
(Parish)
G.L.Nesom		Aster defoliatus1904San Bernardino aster G2 Seeps, marshes, swamps, meadows, montane forests, coastal scrubs[63]
0–2,050 m (0–6,730 ft)[64]
[64]

Subgenus Symphyotrichum

Section Conyzopsis

The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.[65]

Section Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[14] – three species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[19]
S. ciliatum
(Ledeb.)
G.L.Nesom		Erigeron ciliatus1829
  • Rayless annual aster
  • Rayless alkali aster
 G5 Moist prairies, steppes, salty areas (natural or manmade)
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)
[17]
S. frondosum
(Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		Tripolium frondosum1840Short-rayed alkali aster G4 Wet meadows, marshes, saline conditions
10–2,200 m (30–7,220 ft)
S. laurentianum
(Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		Aster laurentianus1914Gulf of St. Lawrence aster G1 Brackish or salty marshes, shores, and dunes
Sea level (0 m (0 ft))

Section Occidentales

Section Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[14] – eleven species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. chilense
(Nees)
G.L.Nesom		Aster chilensis1832
  • Pacific aster
  • Common California aster
 G5 Coastal salt marshes, dunes and banks, grasslands, coniferous forests
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
[19][66]
S. eatonii
(A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		Aster foliaceus var. eatonii1884Eaton's aster G5 Sunny wetlands
500–3,100 m (1,640–10,170 ft)
S. foliaceum
(Lindl. ex DC.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster foliaceus1836
  • Alpine leafybract aster
  • Leafy aster
  • Leafy-bracted aster

Five varieties[17]
  • S. f. var. foliaceum
  • S. f. var. apricum
  • S. f. var. canbyi
  • S. f. var. cusickii (Cusick's aster)[d][67]
  • S. f. var. parryi
 G5 Meadows, open areas in woods, slopes, grasslands
1,000–3,600 m (3,280–11,810 ft)[38][67]
S. greatae
(Parish)
G.L.Nesom		Aster greatae1902Greata's aster[68] G2 Damp places in canyons of the south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains of California
300–2,000 m (980–6,560 ft)[68]
[68]
S. hallii
(A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		Aster hallii1872Hall's aster G4 Grasslands and meadows with summer dryness
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
[69][19]
S. hendersonii
(Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		Aster hendersonii1895Henderson's aster G4 Meadows, forest openings, banks
1,000–1,500 m (3,280–4,920 ft) and higher
[19]
S. jessicae
(Piper)
G.L.Nesom		Aster jessicae1898Jessica's aster G2 Dry grasslands, meadows, banks, woodland openings
500–1,200 m (1,640–3,940 ft)
[19][70]
S. lentum
(Greene)
G.L.Nesom		Aster lentus1894Suisun marsh aster G2 Freshwater marshes and swamps[71]
0–300 m (0–980 ft)[72]
[71]
S. molle
(Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster mollis1901Soft aster G3 Dry montane meadows
2,000–3,000 m (6,560–9,840 ft)
[73][19]
S. spathulatum
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster spathulatus1834Western mountain aster

Three varieties[74]
  • S. s. var. spathulatum
  • S. s. var. intermedium
  • S. s. var. yosemitanum (western bog aster)
 G5 Montane meadows, open woodlands
100–2,900 m (330–9,510 ft)[74]
S. subspicatum
(Nees)
G.L.Nesom		Aster subspicatus1832Douglas's aster G5 Disturbed and weedy open areas, marshes, thickets
0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)

Section Turbinelli

Section Turbinelli (Rydb.) Semple[8] – one species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[19]
S. turbinellum
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster turbinellus1835Prairie aster G4 Generally dry, acidic soils
60–900 m (200–2,950 ft)

Section Symphyotrichum

Subsection Dumosi
Subsection Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[9] – seventeen species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. boreale
(Torr. & A.Gray)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		Aster laxifolius var. borealis1841
  • Rush aster
  • Slender white aster
  • Northern bog aster
 G5 Calcareous areas, wetland areas
0–1,500 m (0–4,920 ft)
S. bullatum
(Klatt)
G.L.Nesom		Aster bullatus1894 NL Wet ledges[75]
37–1,750 m (120–5,740 ft)[76]
S. burgessii
(Britton)
G.L.Nesom		Aster burgessii1914 NL Rocky river banks[77]
[78][17]
S. carnerosanum
(S.Watson)
G.L.Nesom		Aster carnerosanus1891 NL 495–2,850 m (1,620–9,350 ft)[79]
S. dumosum
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster dumosus1753Bushy aster G5 Wetlands, muddy or mucky areas, sand, woods
0–700 m (0–2,300 ft)
S. eulae
(Shinners)
G.L.Nesom		Aster eulae1950Eula's aster G4 Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Endemic to Texas
[80][81][e]
S. lanceolatum
(Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster lanceolatus1803
  • Lance-leaved aster
  • Panicled aster
  • White panicled aster

Five varieties[83]
  • S. l. var. lanceolatum
  • S. l. var. hesperium
  • S. l. var. hirsuticaule
  • S. l. var. interior
  • S. l. var. latifolium
 G5 Stream banks, thickets, borders, ditches, meadows, mucky soils (depending on variety)
10–2,700 m (30–8,860 ft)[83]
[17][84]
S. lateriflorum
(L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		Solidago lateriflora1753
  • Calico aster
  • White woodland aster
  • Side-flowering aster
 G5 Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges
0–400 m (0–1,310 ft)
S. leone
(Britton)
G.L.Nesom		Aster leonis1920 NL Marshes[85]
S. nahanniense
(Cody)
Semple		Aster nahanniensis1974Nahanni aster G3 Stream banks near hot mineral springs
About 1,000 m (3,280 ft)		Nahanni National
Park Reserve
Northwest Territories
(Canada)[86][19]
S. ontarionis
(Wiegand)
G.L.Nesom		Aster ontarionis1928
  • Ontario aster
  • Bottomland aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. o. var. ontarionis
  • S. o. var. glabratum
 G5 Moist soils or shores, other wetlands, field edges
10–300 m (30–980 ft)[38]
S. praealtum
(Poir.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster praealtus1811
  • Willowleaf aster
  • Willow aster
 G5 Usually moist and wet areas
0–400 m (0–1,310 ft)
[19]
S. racemosum
(Elliott)
G.L.Nesom		Aster racemosus1823
  • Small white aster
  • Smooth white oldfield aster
 G4 Moist to wet, often brackish, soils
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
[19]
S. schaffneri
(S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones)
G.L.Nesom		Aster schaffneri1986 NL Disturbed oak forests, secondary vegetation areas, mountain mesophilic forests, rich black or brown soils[87]
120–2,500 m (390–8,200 ft)[88]
[89]
S. simmondsii
(Small)
G.L.Nesom		Aster simmondsii1913Simmonds' aster G4 Moist to dry soils
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
[90]
S. tradescantii
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster tradescantii1753
  • Tradescant's aster
  • Shore aster
 G4 Shores, streams, freshwater estuaries
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
S. welshii
(Cronquist)
G.L.Nesom		Aster welshii1994Welsh's aster G2 Wet soils in dry areas
1,300–2,300 m (4,270–7,550 ft)
Subsection Heterophylli

Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[8]

Series Concinni
Series Concinni (Nees) Semple[8] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
S. laeve
(L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		Aster laevis1753Smooth aster

Four varieties[91]
  • S. l. var. laeve
  • S. l. var. concinnum
  • S. l. var. geyeri (Geyer’s aster)
  • S. l. var. purpuratum
 G5 Open and dry habitats
0–2,400 m (0–7,870 ft)
[17][92][93]
S. oolentangiense
(Riddell)
G.L.Nesom		Aster oolentangiensis1835
  • Azure aster
  • Skyblue aster
 G5 Dry or dry to wet habitats
50–500 m (160–1,640 ft)
[17][19]
Series Cordifolii
Series Cordifolii (G.Don in Loudon) Semple[8] – seven species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. anomalum
(Engelm.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster anomalus1843Manyray aster G4 Dry soils over limestone, acid soils
50–500 m (160–1,640 ft)
[19]
S. ciliolatum
(Lindl.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		Aster ciliolatus1836
  • Lindley's aster
  • Fringed blue aster
 G5 Rich, open deciduous forests, trails, stream banks
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)
S. cordifolium
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster cordifolius1753
  • Heartleaf aster
  • Common blue wood aster
 G5 Mostly rich, moist soils and woods
0–1,200 m (0–3,940 ft)
S. drummondii
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster drummondii1835Drummond's aster

Two varieties[94]
  • S. d. var. drummondii
  • S. d. var. texanum (Texas aster)
 G5 Old fields, woodlands, savannas depending on variety[95]
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)[94]
[17][38]
S. shortii
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster shortii1834Short's aster G5 Thin rocky soils of woodlands and thickets often around limestone bluffs
100–500 m (330–1,640 ft)
S. undulatum
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster undulatus1753Wavyleaf aster G5 Dry or well-drained loamy or rocky soils
200–1,500 m (660–4,920 ft)
S. urophyllum
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster urophyllus1836
  • White arrowleaf aster
  • Arrowleaf aster
 G4 Open, dry to mesic habitats
40–300 m (130–980 ft) and higher
Subsection Porteriani
Subsection Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[16] – five species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. depauperatum
(Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		Aster depauperatus1908
  • Serpentine aster
  • Starved aster
 G2 Serpentine or diabasic soils
400–1,000 m (1,310–3,280 ft)
[96][20][17]
S. kentuckiense
(Britton)
Medley[97]		Aster kentuckiensis1901
 G4 
[100]		Limestone cedar glades and limestone roadsides[101]
[102][101]
S. parviceps
(E.S.Burgess)
G.L.Nesom		Aster ericoides var. parviceps1898
  • Smallhead aster
  • Small white aster
 G4 Dry, sandy, or loamy soils; barrens, fields, roadsides, old cemeteries
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)
S. pilosum
(Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster pilosus1803
  • Hairy aster
  • Frost aster
  • Hairy white oldfield aster

Two varieties[103]
  • S. p. var. pilosum
  • S. p. var. pringlei (Pringle's aster)
 G5 Various and many, depending on variety
0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft)
[103]
S. porteri
(A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		Aster porteri1881
  • Porter's aster
  • Smooth white aster
 G3 Rocky Mountain foothills
1,800–2,900 m (5,910–9,510 ft)
[104][19]
Subsection Symphyotrichum
Series Punicei
Series Punicei (House) Semple[8] – five species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. elliottii
(Torr. & A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		Aster elliottii1841Elliott's aster G4 Swamps, bogs, marshes, brackish marshes
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
[19]
S. firmum
(Nees)
G.L.Nesom		Aster firmus1818Glossy-leaved aster G5 Wet soils, fens, marshes
100–400 m (330–1,310 ft)
S. prenanthoides
(Muhl. ex Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster prenanthoides1803Crookedstem aster G4 Mostly wetlands such as swamps and seeps
100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft)
S. puniceum
(L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		Aster puniceus1753
  • Purplestem aster
  • Red-stemmed aster
  • Swamp aster

Two varieties[105]
  • S. p. var. puniceum
  • S. p. var. scabricaule (roughstem aster)
 G5 Wetlands
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)[105]
S. rhiannon
Weakley & Govus2004
  • Rhiannon's aster
  • Buck Creek aster[20]
 G1 Serpentine barrens
900–1,300 m (2,950–4,270 ft)		Buck Creek
Serpentine Barrens,[106]
Clay County,
North Carolina (US)[107]
Series Symphyotrichum
Series Symphyotrichum – four species
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		NS
[20]		Habitat
[19]		Distribution
[17]
S. anticostense
(Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		Aster anticostensis1915Anticosti aster G3 Calcareous river shores, limestone lake shores
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
[19]
S. novi-belgii
(L.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster novi-belgii1753New York aster

Four varieties[17]
  • S. n. var. novi-belgii
  • S. n. var. crenifolium
  • S. n. var. elodes
  • S. n. var. villicaule
 G5 Mostly sea or stream shores, thickets, dunes, barrens (depending on variety)
0–800 m (0–2,620 ft)[38]
S. retroflexum
(Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster retroflexus1836Rigid whitetop aster G4 Moist or dry wooded areas, moist meadows
400–1,500 m (1,310–4,920 ft)
[108][109]
S. robynsianum
(J.Rousseau) Brouillet & LabrecqueAster robynsianus1957Robyn's aster G5 Moist, open, sandy, gravelly, or rocky habitats
10–400 m (30–1,310 ft)

Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids

Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids – ten
Scientific name
and picture		Author citation
[17]		Basionym
[18]		Year
[18]		Common name(s)ParentsHabitatDistribution
[17]
S. × finkii(Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster finkii1931S. cordifolium × S. shortii[110]Wooded bluffs and fencerows[111]
[f][110]
S. × gravesii
(E.S.Burgess)
G.L.Nesom		Aster gravesii1901Graves' aster[113]S. dumosum × S. laeve[114]Dry woods[113]
S. × longulum
(E.Sheld.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster longulus1894S. boreale × S. puniceum[115]Swampy and marshy areas[116]
S. × priceae(Britton)
G.L.Nesom		Aster priceae1901S. kentuckiense × S. pilosum[117]Kentucky[117]
S. × salignum
(Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster salignus1803S. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[118]
[g]
S. × schistosum
(E.S.Steele)
G.L.Nesom		Aster schistosus1911S. cordifolium × S. laeve[119]Shale gravel, dry hills[120]
S. × subgeminatum
(Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus1915S. ciliolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[121]
  • "Damp bushy ravine in the limestone tableland"
  • 200–300 m (660–980 ft)[122]
S. × tardiflorum
(L.)
Greuter, M.V.Agab. & Wagenitz		Aster tardiflorus1763S. cordifolium × S. puniceum[123]Along streams[124]
S. × versicolor
(Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster versicolor1803Late Michaelmas daisy[125]S. laeve var. laeve × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[126]
S. × woldenii
(Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		Aster woldenii1931S. laeve × S. praealtum[127]

Notes

Citations

References

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