The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is the chief executive of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[2]
| Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu | |
|---|---|
| Tamiḻnāṭu Mutalamaiccar | |
 | |
| Chief Minister's Office | |
| Style |
|
| Type | Head of government |
| Status | Leader of the Executive |
| Abbreviation | CMOTN |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | |
| Residence | 25/9, Chittaranjan Salai, Cenotaph 2nd Lane, Alwarpettai, Chennai – 600018, Tamil Nadu, India. |
| Seat | Office of Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Fort St. George, Chennai – 600009, Tamil Nadu, India. |
| Appointer | Governor of Tamil Nadu |
| Formation | 26 January 1950 |
| First holder |
|
| Deputy | Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu |
| Website | Official website |
Since 1950, Tamil Nadu has had 12 chief ministers, 13 including V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, who twice acted in the role. The longest-serving chief minister, M. Karunanidhi from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam held the office for over eighteen years in multiple tenures, while he was the one who had the largest gap between two terms (nearly thirteen years). The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's former general secretary J. Jayalalithaa has the second-longest tenure, and its founder M. G. Ramachandran, the first actor to become the chief minister in India has the third-longest tenure, while his wife V. N. Janaki Ramachandran has the shortest tenure (only 23 days). K. Kamaraj resigned his post of his own free will and devoted all of his energy to the revitalization of the Indian National Congress party; he was responsible for the elevation of Lal Bahadur Shastri to the position of Prime Minister of the Republic of India following the death of Jawaharlal Nehru and of Indira Gandhi following the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. C. Rajagopalachari served as the last Governor-General of the Union of India before becoming chief minister of undivided Madras State. There have been four instances of president's rule in Tamil Nadu, most recently in 1991.[3][4]
The current incumbent is M. K. Stalin of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam since 7 May 2021.
List of chief ministers
The Madras Presidency, headquartered in Fort St. George, India, was a presidency of India that comprised present day Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, the coastal and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, and the Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi districts of Karnataka. It was established in 1653 to be the headquarters of the English settlements on the Coromandel Coast.
The territory under the presidency comprised only Madrasapattinam and its surrounding regions. But, after the Anglo-French wars and the consequent alliance between the English East India Company and the Nawab of Arcot, it was expanded to comprise the region from the Northern Circars to Cape Comorin. The governance structure also evolved from a modest secretariat with a single secretary for the Public Department in 1670 to six departments overseen by a chief secretary by 1920.
The Indian Councils Act 1861 set up the Madras Legislative Council as an advisory body, without powers, through which the colonial administration obtained advice and assistance from able and willing Indian business leaders. But membership was selected (not elected) and was not representative of the masses.
With the enactment of the Government of India Act 1919, the first legislature was formed in 1920 after general elections.[5] The term of the legislative council was three years. It had 132 members, of whom 34 were nominated by the governor and the rest were elected. Under the Government of India Act 1935, a bicameral legislature was set up with a legislative assembly consisting of 215 members and a legislative council having 56 members. The first legislative assembly under this act was constituted in July 1937. The legislative council was a permanent body, with a third of its members retiring every 3 years and having the power to decide on bills passed by the assembly.[6]
In 1939, the Governor-General of India declared India's entry into World War II without consulting the Imperial Legislative Council. The Indian National Congress protested by asking all its elected representatives to resign from governments.[7] Then it came back to power in 1946 after new provincial elections.[8]
| First Ministers (1920–37) and Prime Ministers of the Madras Presidency[1] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected constituency | Term of office[10] | Council (Election) | Ministry | Appointed by | Political party[a] | |||
| Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
| 1 |  | A. Subbarayalu Reddiar (1855–1921) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 17 December 1920 | 11 July 1921[RES] | 206 days | 1st (1920) | Reddiar | Frederic Thesiger | South Indian Liberal Federation | |
| 2 |  | Panaganti Ramarayaningar (1866–1928) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 11 July 1921 | 11 September 1923 | 5 years, 145 days | Ramarayaningar I | Rufus Isaacs | |||
| 12 September 1923 | 3 December 1926 | 2nd (1923) | Ramarayaningar II | ||||||||
| 3 |  | P. Subbarayan (1889–1962) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 4 December 1926 | 27 October 1930 | 3 years, 327 days | 3rd (1926) | Subbarayan | Edward Wood | Independent | |
| 4 |  | B. Munuswamy Naidu (1885–1935) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 27 October 1930 | 4 November 1932[RES] | 2 years, 8 days | 4th (1930) | Naidu | South Indian Liberal Federation | ||
| 5 |  | Ramakrishna Ranga Rao (1901–1978) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 5 November 1932 | 5 November 1934 | 3 years, 151 days | Rao I | Freeman Freeman-Thomas | |||
| 5 November 1934 | 4 April 1936[RES] | 5th (1934) | Rao II | ||||||||
| 6 |  | P. T. Rajan (1892–1974) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 4 April 1936 | 24 August 1936[RES] | 142 days | Rajan | ||||
| (5) | | Ramakrishna Ranga Rao (1901–1978) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 24 August 1936[§] | 1 April 1937 | 220 days | Rao III | Victor Hope | |||
| 7 |  | Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu (1875–1942) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 1 April 1937 | 14 July 1937[RES] | 104 days | 1st (1937) | Naidu | Independent | ||
| 8 |  | C. Rajagopalachari (1878–1972) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 14 July 1937 | 29 October 1939[RES] | 2 years, 107 days | Rajagopalachari I | Indian National Congress | |||
| – |  | Vacant (Governor-General's rule) | N/A | 29 October 1939 | 29 April 1946 | 6 years, 182 days | Dissolved | N/A | – | N/A | |
| 9 |  | T. Prakasam (1872–1957) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 30 April 1946 | 23 March 1947[RES] | 327 days | 2nd (1946) | Prakasam | Archibald Wavell | Indian National Congress | |
| 10 |  | Omanthur P. Ramaswamy Reddiar (1895–1970) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 23 March 1947 | 6 April 1949[RES] | 2 years, 14 days | Reddiar | Archibald Nye | |||
| 11 |  | P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja (1898–1957) | Leader of the Presidency Legislative Council | 6 April 1949 | 26 January 1950 | 295 days | Raja | Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji | |||
- Timeline
- Development after independence
Madras State, the precursor to the present-day state of Tamil Nadu, was created after India became a republic on 26 January 1950.[11] It comprised present-day Tamil Nadu and parts of present-day Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala. The first legislature of the Madras State to be elected on the basis of universal suffrage was constituted on 1 March 1952, after the general elections held in January 1952.[12]
The state was split up along linguistic lines in 1953, carving out Andhra State. Under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the states of Kerala, and Mysore State were carved out of Madras State. Under the Andhra Pradesh and Madras Alteration of Boundaries Act, 1959, with effect from 1 April 1960, Tiruttani taluk and Pallipattu sub-taluk of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were transferred to Madras in exchange for territories from the Chingelput and Salem districts.[5][13]
| Chief Ministers of Madras State[1] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected constituency | Term of office[10] | Assembly (Election) | Ministry | Appointed by | Political party[a] | |||
| Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
| 1 | | P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja (1898–1957) | Leader of the State Legislative Council | 26 January 1950 | 9 April 1952 | 2 years, 74 days | 2nd (1946) | Raja | Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji | Indian National Congress | |
| 2 | | C. Rajagopalachari (1878–1972) | Leader of the State Legislative Council | 10 April 1952 | 13 April 1954[RES] | 2 years, 3 days | 1st (1952) | Rajagopalachari II | Sri Prakasa | ||
| 3 | .jpg) | K. Kamaraj (1903–1975) | Gudiyatham | 13 April 1954 | 12 April 1957 | 9 years, 172 days | Kamaraj I | ||||
| Sattur | 13 April 1957 | 14 March 1962 | 2nd (1957) | Kamaraj II | A. J. John | ||||||
| 15 March 1962 | 2 October 1963[RES] | 3rd (1962) | Kamaraj III | Bishnu Ram Medhi | |||||||
| 4 |  | M. Bhakthavatsalam (1897–1987) | Sriperumbudur | 2 October 1963 | 5 March 1967 | 3 years, 154 days | Bhakthavatsalam | ||||
| 5 |  | C. N. Annadurai (1909–1969) | Leader of the State Legislative Council | 6 March 1967 | 13 January 1969 | 1 year, 313 days | 4th (1967) | Annadurai | Ujjal Singh | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | |
- Change in nomenclature
During the term of the fourth assembly on 18 July 1967, the house unanimously adopted and recommended that steps be taken by the state government to secure the necessary amendment to the Constitution of India to change the name of Madras State to Tamil Nadu. Accordingly, the Madras State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1968 (Central Act 53 of 1968) was passed by the Parliament of India and came into force on 14 January 1969.[14] Consequently, the nomenclature "Madras Legislative Assembly" was changed to "Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly". From 1967 onward, the strength of the assembly continued to remain at 234 plus a nominated member.
From 1952 to 1986, the state had a parliamentary system of government with two democratically elected houses, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. On 14 May 1986, the state government passed a resolution to abolish the legislative council in the state, which was then moved and adopted by the house. On 1 November 1986, Tamil Nadu became a state with a unicameral legislature, and since then, several times, the state government has taken steps to reconstitute the legislative council, but they have failed for so long. The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council has not been constituted in the state till date.
- Timeline
Statistics
- List of chief ministers by length of term
| No. | Name | Party | Length of term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longest continuous term | Total years of chief ministership | ||||
| 1 | M. Karunanidhi | DMK | 6 years, 355 days | 18 years, 360 days | |
| 2 | J. Jayalalithaa | AIADMK | 4 years, 323 days | 14 years, 124 days | |
| 3 | M. G. Ramachandran | AIADMK | 7 years, 198 days | 10 years, 65 days | |
| 4 | K. Kamaraj | INC | 9 years, 172 days | 9 years, 172 days | |
| 5 | Edappadi K. Palaniswami | AIADMK | 4 years, 79 days | 4 years, 79 days | |
| 6 | M. Bhakthavatsalam | INC | 3 years, 154 days | 3 years, 154 days | |
| 7 | M. K. Stalin | DMK | 2 years, 359 days | 2 years, 359 days | |
| 8 | P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja | INC | 2 years, 74 days | 2 years, 74 days | |
| 9 | C. Rajagopalachari | INC | 2 years, 3 days | 2 years, 3 days | |
| 10 | C. N. Annadurai | DMK | 1 year, 334 days | 1 year, 334 days | |
| 11 | O. Panneerselvam | AIADMK | 237 days | 1 year, 106 days | |
| 12 | V. N. Janaki Ramachandran | AIADMK | 23 days | 23 days | |
| Acting | V. R. Nedunchezhiyan | AIADMK/DMK | 14 days | 21 days | |
- List by party
| No. | Political party | Number of chief ministers | Total days of holding CMO |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 5 (+1 acting) | 11004 days |
| 2 | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 3 (+1 acting) | 8729 days |
| 3 | Indian National Congress | 4 | 6247 days |
- Parties by total duration (in days) of holding Chief Minister's Office
In popular culture
Depictions in media
| Chief Minister | Film | Year | Actor | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. Subbarayan | Samvidhaan (TV series) | 2014 | Ivan Rodrigues | |
| C. Rajagopalachari | Kamaraj | 2004 | ||
| Periyar | 2007 | |||
| Samvidhaan (TV series) | 2014 | Amit Behl | ||
| Omanthur P. Ramaswamy | Periyar | 2007 | Cameo appearance; pre-Chief Ministership | |
| K. Kamaraj | Kamaraj | 2004 | Richard Mathuram | |
| Periyar | 2007 | Cameo | ||
| Indiralohathil Na Azhagappan | 2008 | Himself | Real footage in the song sequence "Nee kondru kuvithatu" | |
| C. N. Annadurai | Thangarathinam | 1960 | Himself | Real footage - cameo ; pre-Chief Ministership |
| Iru Kodugal | 1969 | Imitated voice by Sivagangai Sethurajan[15] | ||
| Cinema Paithiyam | 1975 | Himself | Real footage during the Chief Ministership is used - Cameo | |
| Rudra Thandavam | 1978 | Himself | Real footage of funeral in the song sequence "Nee mannavana chinnavana" | |
| Kamaraj | 2004 | Imitated voiceover is also used | ||
| Periyar | 2007 | S. S. Stanley | Real photograph is also used | |
| Indiralohathil Na Azhagappan | 2008 | Himself | Real footage in the song sequence "Nee kondru kuvithatu" | |
| Thalaivii | 2021 | Bharathi Kannan | ||
| V. R. Nedunchezhiyan | Thangarathinam | 1960 | Himself | Real footage - cameo ; pre-Chief Ministership |
| Periyar | 2007 | Cameo appearance; pre-Chief Ministership | ||
| M. Karunanidhi | Thangarathinam | 1960 | Himself | Real footage - cameo ; pre-Chief Ministership |
| Poompuhar | 1964 | Himself | Delivers a prologue to the film ; pre-Chief Ministership | |
| Iruvar | 1997 | Himself in different name | ||
| Kamaraj | 2004 | Cameo appearance (pre-Chief Ministership); Real footage during Chief Ministership is also used | ||
| Kuttrapathirikai | 2007 | Imitated voiceover | ||
| Periyar | 2007 | Real footage during Chief Ministership is also used | ||
| Dasavathaaram | 2008 | Graphical | Cameo | |
| Dharmaprabhu | 2019 | Graphical | Cameo as a soul in heaven | |
| Thalaivii | 2021 | Nassar | Credited as M. Karuna | |
| M. G. Ramachandran | Thangarathinam | 1960 | Himself | Real footage - cameo ; pre-Chief Ministership |
| Periyar | 2007 | |||
| Indiralohathil Na Azhagappan | 2008 | Himself | Real footage in the song sequence "Nee kondru kuvithatu" | |
| NTR: Mahanayakudu | 2019 | Sikindar | ||
| Queen (web series) | 2019 | Indrajith Sukumaran | Credited as G. M. Ravichandran (GMR) | |
| Thalaivii | 2021 | Arvind Swamy | Credited as M. J. Ramachandran (MJR) | |
| Methagu 2 | 2022 | Cameo | ||
| V. N. Janaki Ramachandran | Queen (web series) | 2019- | Vanitha Krishnachandran | Credited as Janani Devi |
| Thalaivii | 2021 | Madhoo | ||
| J. Jayalalithaa | Neenga Nalla Irukkanum | 1992 | Herself | |
| Kuttrapathirikai | 2007 | |||
| Attahasa | 2013 | Jayachitra | ||
| Queen (web series) | 2019 | Ramya Krishnan | Credited as Shakthi Seshadri | |
| Dharmaprabhu | 2019 | Graphical | Cameo as a soul in Heaven | |
| Thalaivii | 2021 | Kangana Ranaut | Credited as Jaya | |
| M. K. Stalin | Singapore Saloon | 2024 | Himself | Real footage during the Chief Ministership is used - Cameo |
Fictional Chief Ministers in media
| Year | Title | Character | Actor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Oru Indhiya Kanavu | N/A | |
| 1994 | Jaihind | N/A | Kalyan Kumar |
| 1995 | Makkal Aatchi | Sethupathi | Mammootty |
| Ragasiya Police | N/A | Radhika Sarathkumar | |
| 1996 | Tamizh Selvan | Dhakshinamoorthy | Malaysia Vasudevan |
| 1997 | Iruvar | Tamizhselvan | Prakash Raj |
| Anandan | Mohanlal | ||
| Arasiyal | N/A | John Amirtharaj | |
| 1998 | Dharma | Vedhachalam | S. S. Rajendran |
| Desiya Geetham | "Chinna Mariyappan" | Nassar | |
| 1999 | Mudhalvan | Aranganathar | Raghuvaran |
| Pugazhenthi | Arjun | ||
| 2000 | Puratchikkaaran | Kalaivanar | Manivannan |
| 2001 | Rishi | S. S. Rajendran | |
| Kottai Mariamman | N/A | Uncredited | |
| 2002 | Azhagi | N/A | Uncredited |
| Baba | Purushottaman | Bharat Dabholkar | |
| Kanthan | |||
| Ramanaa | N/A | Ravichandran | |
| 2003 | Thennavan | Ilanthiraiyan | Nassar |
| Pushpalatha | Urvashi | ||
| 2009 | Kudiyarasu | N/A | John Amirtharaj |
| 2010 | Thamizh Padam | N/A | Uncredited |
| Irandu Mugam | N/A | ||
| 2011 | Minsaram | Thamizharasan | Thol. Thirumavalavan |
| Ko | Yogeswaran | Prakash Raj | |
| Vasanthan Perumal | Ajmal Ameer | ||
| Velayudham | Rathnavelu | Manivannan | |
| 2012 | Saguni | Satyamoorthy | Chandra Mohan |
| R. K. Boopathi | Prakash Raj | ||
| Perumal | Kota Srinivasa Rao | ||
| 2013 | Alex Pandian | N/A | Visu |
| Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA | Nagaraja Chozhan | Sathyaraj | |
| Gangaikondaan (acting) | Raghuvannan | ||
| Singam II | Kumaravel | K. Vishwanath | |
| 2015 | Thani Oruvan | Thamizhvanan | Nassar |
| 2016 | Ko 2 | Yogeswaran | Prakash Raj |
| Kodi | 'Thalaivar' | S. A. Chandrasekhar | |
| N/A | Vijayakumar | ||
| 2018 | Tamizh Padam 2 | Pandiya | Sathish |
| NOTA | Vinodhan Subramaniam | Nassar | |
| Varun Subramaniam | Vijay Deverakonda | ||
| Sarkar | M. Masilamani | Pala. Karuppiah | |
| Action | N/A | ||
| Saravanan | Ramki | ||
| 2019 | LKG | Avudaiyappan | Ananth Vaidyanathan |
| Bojappan | Ramkumar Ganesan | ||
| Lalgudi Karupaiah Gandhi | RJ Balaji | ||
| NGK | Killivazhavan | Devaraj | |
| Nandha Gopalan Kumaran | Suriya | ||
| Gurkha | N/A | Livingston | |
| 2021 | Tughlaq Durbar | Nagaraja Chozhan | Sathyaraj |
| Maanaadu | Arivazhagan | S. A. Chandrasekhar | |
| Anti Indian | Senguttuvan | Radha Ravi | |
| 2022 | Buffoon | N/A | V. I. S. Jayapalan |
| DSP | N/A | Aadukalam Naren | |
| Sembi | Athiyaman | Pala. Karuppiah | |
| 2023 | Pathu Thala | Arunmozhi | Santhosh Prathap |
| Vaazhai Karunakaran | Obeli N. Krishna | ||
| Pichaikkaran 2 | N/A | Radha Ravi | |
| Maamannan | Ka. Sindhanai Rajan | Lal | |
| Jigarthanda DoubleX | Sindhanai Rani | Kapila Venu |
See also
- History of Tamil Nadu
- Elections in Tamil Nadu
- List of governors of Tamil Nadu
- Chief Secretariat of Tamil Nadu
- Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
- List of current Indian chief ministers
- List of deputy chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
- List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
- List of leaders of the house in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
- List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly