List of descriptive plant species epithets (I–Z)

Since the first printing of Carl Linnaeus's Species Plantarum in 1753, plants have been assigned one epithet or name for their species and one name for their genus, a grouping of related species.^[1] These scientific names have been catalogued in a variety of works, including Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. William Stearn (1911–2001) was one of the pre-eminent British botanists of the 20th century: a Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society, a president of the Linnean Society and the original drafter of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.^[2]^[3]

The first column below lists seed-bearing species epithets from Stearn's Dictionary, Latin for Gardeners^[4] by Lorraine Harrison, The A to Z of Plant Names by Allen Coombes, The Gardener's Botanical^[5] by Ross Bayton, and the glossary of Stearn's Botanical Latin.^[6] Epithets from proper nouns, proper adjectives, and two or more nouns are excluded, along with epithets used only in species names that are no longer widely accepted. Classical and modern meanings are provided in the third column, along with citations to Charlton T. Lewis's An Elementary Latin Dictionary.^[7]^[a]

Key

LG = language: (L)atin or (G)reek

L = derived from Latin, or both Classical Latin and Greek (unless otherwise noted)

G = derived from Greek

H = listed by Harrison, and (except as noted) by Bayton

D = listed in Stearn's Dictionary

S = listed in Stearn's Botanical Latin

DS = listed in Stearn's Dictionary, with the word or root word listed in Botanical Latin

C = listed by Coombes

Epithets

Epithets
Epithets^[8]^[9]^[c]	LG ^[10]	Meanings and derivations	Example species^[d]	H	DS	C
ianthinus	G	bluish-purple	Justicia ianthina		D
icosandrus	G	twenty-stamened	Phytolacca icosandra	H	DS
idoneus	L	worthy^[7]	Lupinus idoneus*		DS
igneus	L	fiery red^[7]	Cuphea ignea, Heliconia ignescens*	H	DS	C^[11]
ignescens	L	fiery red^[7]	Cuphea ignea, Heliconia ignescens*	H	DS
ignotus	L	(formerly) unknown^[7]	Tricalysia ignota*		DS
illecebrosus	L	enticing, from illecebra^[7]	Tigridia illecebrosa*	H	DS
illinitus	L	smeared, from lino, to smear^[7]	Escallonia illinita*	H	DS
illustris	L	lustrous, from lustro, to illuminate^[7]	Ilex illustris	H	D	C^[12]
imbecillus	L	feeble	Agrostis imbecilla*		DS
imbecillis	L	feeble	Agrostis imbecilla*		DS
imberbis	L	unbearded^[7]	Combretum imberbe	H	DS
imbricatus	L	overlapping, from imbrex, gutter tile;^[7] imbricate. (Also imbricans,^[4] imbricarius.)^[13]	Cylindropuntia imbricata	H	DS	C^[14]
immaculatus	L	immaculate, from macula, stain^[7]	Dicerandra immaculata	H	DS
immersus	L	immersed^[7]	Navia immersa	H	DS
impeditus	L	impeded^[7]	Tragia impedita*		DS	C^[15]
imperator	L	war leader; emperor^[7]	Fritillaria imperialis, Epidendrum imperator*		D
imperialis	L	war leader; emperor^[7]	Fritillaria imperialis, Epidendrum imperator*	H	D	C^[16]
implexus	L	interwoven^[7]	Acacia implexa	H	DS
impressus	L	engraved;^[7] creased	Epacris impressa	H	DS	C^[17]
impudicus	L	impudent^[7]	Heliconia impudica		DS
inaequalis	L	unequal^[7]	Dryopteris inaequalis	H	DS
inapertus	L	closed, from apertus^[7]	Agapanthus inapertus		DS	C^[18]
incanus	L	grey-haired^[7]	Matthiola incana	H	DS	C^[19]
incarnatus	L	peach-coloured, from caro, flesh^[7]	Asclepias incarnata	H	DS	C^[20]
incertus	L	uncertain^[7]	Penstemon incertus	H	DS
incisus	L	cut deeply;^[7] incised	Urtica incisa	H	DS	C^[21]
inclaudens	L	not closing	Esterhuysenia inclaudens*	H
inclinatus	L	inclined^[7]	Bulbophyllum inclinatum	H	DS
incomparabilis	L	incomparable, from comparabilis^[7]	Stapelia incomparabilis*	H	DS
incomptus	L	unkempt^[7]	Blakea incompta	H	D
inconspicuus	L	inconspicuous, from conspicuus^[7]	Trithuria inconspicua	H	DS
incrassatus	L	stout, from crassus, thick^[7]	Eucalyptus incrassata	H	DS
incurvus	L	bowed;^[7] incurved	Corybas incurvus, Dacryodes incurvata	H	DS	C^[22]
incurvatus	L	bowed;^[7] incurved	Corybas incurvus, Dacryodes incurvata	H	DS
indivisus	L	undivided, from divido^[7]	Cordyline indivisa	H	DS
induratus	L	hardened^[7]	Eucalyptus indurata	H	DS
inebrians	L	intoxicating, from inebrio^[7]	Lagochilus inebrians	H	D
inermis	L	unarmed^[7]	Nepenthes inermis	H	DS	C^[23]
infaustus	L	unfortunate^[7]	Vangueria infausta	H	D
infectorius	L	tinted, from infector, dyer^[7]	Quercus infectoria	H	D
infestus	L	troublesome^[7]	Adolphia infesta*	H	DS
inflatus	L	swollen;^[7] inflated	Eriogonum inflatum, Utricularia inflata	H	DS	C^[24]
inflexus	L	bowed;^[7] inflexed	Utricularia inflexa		DS
infortunatus	L	unfortunate^[7]	Clerodendrum infortunatum	H	D
infractus	L	bent, from frango, to fracture^[7]	Hypolobus infractus	H	DS
infundibuliformis	L	funnel-shaped. (Also infundibulus.)^[4]^[e]	Crossandra infundibuliformis	H	DS
ingens	L	huge^[7]	Euphorbia ingens	H	DS
innominatus	L	uncelebrated, from nominatus;^[7] nameless	Iris innominata		DS
innoxius	L	harmless.^[7] (Also inoxius.)^[26]	Datura innoxia		DS
inodorus	L	unscented, from odorus^[7]	Tripleurospermum inodorum	H	DS
inopinus	L	unexpected^[7]	Encephalartos inopinus		D
inornatus	L	plain^[7]	Boronia inornata	H	D
inquinans	L	stained, from inquino^[7]	Pelargonium inquinans	H	D
inscriptus	L	inscribed^[7]	Calathea inscripta*		D
insignis	L	significant^[7]	Nepenthes insignis	H	DS	C^[27]
insipidus	L	insipid, from sapio^[7]	Ficus insipida		DS
insititius	L	grafted, from insitio, a grafting^[7]	Prunus insititia	H	DS
insulanus	L	island^[7]	Alsophila insulana, Digitaria insularis	H	D
insularis	L	island^[7]	Alsophila insulana, Digitaria insularis	H	DS
intactus	L	intact^[7]	Anthurium intactum*		DS
intaminatus	L	uncontaminated^[7]	Cyclamen intaminatum		D
integer	L	undivided;^[7] entire. Feminine integra, neuter integrum.	Artocarpus integer, Ochna integerrima	H	DS	C^[28]
integerrimus	L		Artocarpus integer, Ochna integerrima		DS	C^[17]
intermedius	L	intermediate, from medium, middle^[7]	Thinopyrum intermedium	H	DS	C^[29]
interruptus	L	gapped^[7]	Salvia interrupta	H	DS
intertextus	L	interwoven^[7]	Eucalyptus intertexta	H	D
intortus	L	contorted, from intorqueo^[7]	Acacia intorta	H	DS
intricatus	L	entangled	Dipterocarpus intricatus	H	DS
introrsus	L	turned inwards;^[7] introrse	Endiandra introrsa		DS
intumescens	L	tumescent, from intumesco^[7]	Acrocomia intumescens	H	DS
inundatus	L	inundated, from inundo^[7]	Lycopodiella inundata		DS
inutilis	L	useless^[7]	Allium inutile		D
inversus	L	inverted^[7]	Astragalus inversus	H	DS
invisus	L	unseen^[7]	Silene invisa		D
involucratus	L	enveloped, from involucrum, wrapper;^[7] involucred	Davidia involucrata	H	DS	C^[30]
involutus	L	rolled up, from involvo;^[7] involute	Bulbophyllum involutum	H	DS
involvens	L	wrapping-around^[7]	Utricularia involvens		DS
ionanthus	G	violet-coloured flowers	Streptocarpus ionanthus	H	DS
iridescens	L	iridescent, from iris, rainbow^[7]^[10]	Caladenia iridescens	H	D
irrasus	L	unshaven, from rasus^[7]	Grevillea irrasa		D
irregularis	L	not symmetric, from regula, rule;^[7] irregular	Polygala irregularis	H	DS
irriguus	L	irrigated; wet^[7]	Stellaria irrigua	H	DS
irritans	L	irritating, from irrito^[7]	Triodia irritans		D
irroratus	L	besprinkled,from irroro^[7]	Acacia irrorata		D
isophyllus	G	even-leaved	Campanula isophylla	H	DS	C^[22]
ixocarpus	G	sticky-fruited	Indigofera ixocarpa*	H	D
jejunus	L	meagre; small^[7]^[f]	Salix jejuna	H
jubatus	L	crested;^[7] awned	Hordeum jubatum	H	DS	C^[31]
jucundus	L	joyful; pleasant^[7]	Conophytum jucundum	H	D	C^[32]
jugalis	L	yoked^[7]	Melicope jugosa, Psychotria jugalis	H	D
jugosus	L	yoked^[7]	Melicope jugosa, Psychotria jugalis	H	D
julaceus	L	cylindrical, like some catkins	Anomobryum julaceum	H	S
junceus	L	made of rushes;^[7] rush-like	Psathyrostachys juncea	H	DS	C^[33]
juvenilis	L	young^[7]	Carex juvenilis*	H	S
kermesinus	L	crimson, from Arabic and Latin	Portea kermesina	H	DS
labiatus	L	lipped, from labium, lip^[7]	Cattleya labiata, Zygosepalum labiosum	H	DS
labiosus	L	lipped, from labium, lip^[7]	Cattleya labiata, Zygosepalum labiosum	H	DS
labilis	L	labile, from labo, to totter or slip^[7]	Celtis labilis*	H	D
lacerus	L	jagged, from lacer, lacerated.^[7] Stearn's spelling is lacer.	Spiranthes lacera, Calanthe lacerata*	H	DS
laceratus	L		Spiranthes lacera, Calanthe lacerata*		DS
laciniatus	L	roughly segmented	Silphium laciniatum, Carya laciniosa	H	DS	C^[34]
laciniosus	L	roughly segmented	Silphium laciniatum, Carya laciniosa		DS	C^[19]
lacrimans	L	weeping, from lacrimo^[7]	Eucalyptus lacrimans	H	D
lacteus	L	milky^[7]	Iris lactea, Hieracium lactescens	H	DS	C^[35]
lactescens	L	milky^[7]	Iris lactea, Hieracium lactescens		D
lactifer	L	milk; with milky sap^[g]	Gymnema lactiferum	H	DS
lacunosus	L	full of hollows^[7]	Ipomoea lacunosa	H	DS
lacustris	L	lake, from lacus^[7]	Iris lacustris	H	DS	C^[36]
laetus	L	joyful;^[7] bright	Myoporum laetum	H	DS
laevis	L	smooth^[7]	Hibiscus laevis, Echinacea laevigata	H	DS	C^[37]
laevigatus	L	smooth^[7]	Hibiscus laevis, Echinacea laevigata	H		C^[38]
lamellatus	L	layered, from lamina, a thin sheet;^[7] lamellate	Leptospermum lamellatum	H	DS
lanatus	L	woolly^[7]	Citrullus lanatus	H	DS	C^[39]
lanceus	L	lance, from lancea^[7]	Searsia lancea	H	D
lanceolatus	L	lanceolate	Persoonia lanceolata	H	DS	C^[40]
laniger	L	fleecy^[7]	Leptospermum lanigerum, Myriopteris lanosa, Fraxinus lanuginosa	H	DS	C^[41]
lanosus				H	DS	C^[42]
lanuginosus				H	DS	C^[43]
lappa	L	with burrs.^[7] (Also lappaceus.)	Arctium lappa	H	DS
lasiocarpus	G	woolly-fruited	Abies lasiocarpa		DS	C^[44]
latebrosus	L	with lurking-holes;^[7] concealing	Vexatorella latebrosa		D
lateralis	L	lateral, from latus, side^[7]	Calothamnus lateralis	H	DS
lateritius	L	brick-red, from later, brick^[7]	Melaleuca lateritia	H	DS	C^[45]
latifolius	L	broad-leaved, from latus, broad^[7]	Isopogon latifolius	H	DS	C^[22]
laudatus	L	laudible^[7]	Rhododendron laudandum*	H	D
laudandus	L	laudible^[7]	Rhododendron laudandum*		D
laxus	L	relaxed;^[7] lax	Freesia laxa	H	DS	C^[46]
leiocarpus	G	smooth-fruited	Angophora leiocarpa	H	DS
lenticularis	L	lens; lenticular	Isolepis lenticularis, Atriplex lentiformis		DS
lentiformis	L	lens; lenticular	Isolepis lenticularis, Atriplex lentiformis		DS	C^[47]
lentiginosus	L	spotted	Astragalus lentiginosus	H	DS
lentus	L	pliant^[7]	Betula lenta	H	DS	C^[48]
leonis	L	lion, from leo.^[7] Neuter leonis.	Phacelia leonis	H	D
leopardinus	G	spotted	Bulbophyllum leopardinum	H	D
lepidotus	G	scaly	Andesanthus lepidotus		DS
lepidus	L	elegant^[7]	Lupinus lepidus	H	D
leptophyllus	G	slender-leaved	Banksia leptophylla	H	DS	C^[49]
leucanthus	G	white-flowered	Stenomesson leucanthum	H	DS	C^[50]
lignosus	L	woody, from lignum^[7]	Dipogon lignosus	H	DS
ligularis	L	shoe-strap, from ligula;^[7] liguled	Passiflora ligularis, Schoenus ligulatus	H	D
ligulatus	L	shoe-strap, from ligula;^[7] liguled	Passiflora ligularis, Schoenus ligulatus	H	DS
limbatus	L	bordered, from limbus, border^[7]	Fissidens limbatus	H	DS
limosus	L	muddy^[7]	Schoenus limosus	H	DS
limnophilus	G	marsh-loving	Myriophyllum limnophilum*		DS
linearis	L	linear	Persoonia linearis	H	DS	C^[51]
lineatus	L	lined	Iris lineata	H	DS	C^[34]
lingua	L	tongue^[7]	Pterostylis lingua	H	DS	C^[52]
linguiformis				H	DS
lingulatus				H	DS
lissocarpus	G	smooth-fruited	Synostemon lissocarpus*		D
lithophilus	G	rock-loving	Isoetes lithophila*	H	DS
littoralis	L	littoral, from litus, shore^[7]	Griselinia littoralis, Acacia littorea	H	DS	C^[53]
littoreus	L	littoral, from litus, shore^[7]	Griselinia littoralis, Acacia littorea	H	DS
lividus	L	lead-coloured^[7]	Helleborus lividus	H	DS	C^[54]
lobatus	G	lobed	Quercus lobata	H	DS	C^[55]
lobulatus	G	lobed	Quercus lobata	H	D
lochmius	G	thicket	Rhododendron lochmium*		D
longus	L	long^[7]	Curcuma longa	H	DS	C^[56]
longissimus	L	longest	Dasylirion longissimum	H	DS	C^[57]
lophanthus	G	crested-flower	Paraserianthes lophantha	H	DS
lucens	L	shining; clear. From luceo.^[7]	Potamogeton lucens	H	DS
lucidus	L	shining; clear. From luceo.^[7]	Potamogeton lucens	H	D	C^[35]
lunatus	L	lunate^[7]	Phaseolus lunatus	H	DS	C^[58]
lunulatus	L	lunate^[7]	Phaseolus lunatus	H	DS
luridus	L	greyish-yellow^[7]	Pelargonium luridum	H	DS
luteus	L	yellow^[7]	Gentiana lutea	H	DS	C^[59]
luteolus	L	light yellow^[7]	Iris lutescens	H	DS
lutescens	L	light yellow^[7]	Iris lutescens		DS	C^[15]
luxurians	L	luxuriant, from luxurio^[7]	Araucaria luxurians	H	DS	C^[60]
lyratus	L	lyre, from lyra;^[7] lyrate	Arabidopsis lyrata		DS	C^[61]
lysistemon	G	loose-stamened	Erythrina lysistemon		D
macilentus	L	gaunt, from macies^[7]	Archaeopteris macilenta	H	DS
macrophyllus	G	big-leaved	Ficus macrophylla	H	DS	C^[62]
maculosus	L	spotted^[7]	Flindersia maculosa	H	DS	C^[63]
maculatus				H	DS	C^[64]
maculifer					D
magnificus	L	magnificent^[7]	Cercidiphyllum magnificum	H	D	C^[65]
magnus	L	big	Crateva magna	H	DS
major	L	bigger. Stearn also lists majus.^[4]^[37] From maior, neuter maius.^[7]	Plantago major	H	DS	C^[66]
majalis	L	(flowering in) May, from Maius^[7]	Convallaria majalis	H	D	C^[67]
majesticus	L	majestic, from maiestas^[7]	Brillantaisia majestica*		D
malacoides	G	soft	Eremophila malacoides	H	D
mammillaris	L	nippled, from mamilla^[7]	Mammillaria mammillaris, Erica mammosa	H	D
mammiformis					DS
mammillatus				H	DS
mammosus				H	DS
manicatus	L	long-sleeved^[7]	Gunnera manicata	H	DS	C^[68]
manipuliflorus	L	with small bundles of flowers, from manipulus, a handful^[7]	Erica manipuliflora		DS
margaritaceus	L	pearly, from margarita^[7]	Anaphalis margaritacea	H	DS	C^[43]
margaritus				H	D
margaritifer				H	D
marginalis	L	bordered, from margino^[7]	Banksia marginata	H	DS	C^[69]
marginatus				H	DS	C^[70]
marginellus					D
maritimus	L	maritime^[7]	Pancratium maritimum	H	DS	C^[53]
marmoreus	L	marble^[7]	Sempervivum marmoreum, Kalanchoe marmorata	H	DS	C^[71]
marmoratus	L	marble^[7]	Sempervivum marmoreum, Kalanchoe marmorata	H	DS
mas	L	with masculine qualities^[7]	Cornus mas	H	DS	C^[72]
masculus	L	with masculine qualities^[7]	Cornus mas	H	DS
matronalis	L	matronly^[7]	Hesperis matronalis		D	C^[73]
maxillaris	L	jaw, from maxilla^[7]	Bulbophyllum maxillare	H	D
maximus	L	biggest. (Also max.)^[74]	Heracleum maximum	H	DS	C^[64]
medicus	L	medicinal^[7]	Citrus medica	H	DS	C^[39]
medius	L	medium or middle^[7]	Campanula medium	H	DS	C^[33]
medullaris	L	pithy, from medulla, marrow^[7]	Sphaeropteris medullaris	H	D
medullus	L	pithy, from medulla, marrow^[7]	Sphaeropteris medullaris	H	D
megacarpus	G	with big fruit	Schoenus megacarpus	H	DS
megalophyllus	G	with big leaves	Muniria megalophylla	H	DS	C^[12]
megeratus	G	very lovely	Rhododendron megeratum*		D
meiacanthus	G	little-spined	Mammillaria meiacantha*		DS
melancholicus	L	melancholy^[7]	Besleria melancholica*		DS
melanoxylon	G	with black wood	Acacia melanoxylon	H	S
mellitus	L	honey^[7]	Navarretia mellita	H	DS
melleus					DS
mellifer				H	D	C^[75]
melliodorus	L	honey-scented. Stearn also lists meliodorus.	Eucalyptus melliodora	H	D
meloformis	L	melon-shaped	Euphorbia meloformis	H	D
membranaceus	L	membranous, from membrana^[7]	Scadoxus membranaceus	H	DS
meniscifolius	L	crescent-leaved	Serpocaulon meniscifolium*	H	DS
meridianus	L	(flowering at) midday; southern^[7]	Caladenia meridionalis	H	D
meridionalis	L	(flowering at) midday; southern^[7]	Caladenia meridionalis	H	DS	C^[76]
metallicus	L	metal, from metallum^[7]	Calochilus metallicus	H	DS	C^[77]
micans	L	sparkling^[7]	Shorea micans		DS
micranthus	G	small-flowered	Eremophila micrantha	H	DS	C^[62]
militaris	L	military^[7]	Orchis militaris	H	D
millefolius	L	thousand-leaved, from mille^[7]	Potentilla millefolia	H	DS	C^[78]
mimetes	G	mimic	Senecio mimetes*		D
minax	L	menacing^[7]	Bulbophyllum minax		D
miniatus	L	red-tinged^[7]	Aechmea miniata	H	DS	C^[79]
minimus	L	smallest^[7]	Salvinia minima	H	DS	C^[80]
minor	L	smaller. Stearn also lists minus.^[4]^[81] From minor, neuter minus.^[7]	Vinca minor	H	DS	C^[82]
minutus	L	minute^[7]	Marsilea minuta	H	DS
minutissimus	L	minutest	Bulbophyllum minutissimum	H	D
mirabilis	L	amazing^[7]	Nepenthes mirabilis	H	D	C^[55]
mitis	L	gentle^[7]	Caryota mitis	H	DS
mitratus	L	turbaned^[7]	Blepharis mitrata	H	D
mitriformis	L	turbaned^[7]	Blepharis mitrata	H	DS
mixtus	L	hybrid;^[7] mixed	Passiflora mixta	H	DS
modestus	L	modest^[7]	Carpobrotus modestus	H	D	C^[83]
mollis	L	soft^[7]	Leymus mollis	H	DS	C^[84]
mollissimus	L	softest	Castanea mollissima	H	D	C^[85]
monilifer	L	necklace, from monile^[7]	Allocasuarina monilifera, Consolea moniliformis	H	D
moniliformis	L	necklace, from monile^[7]	Allocasuarina monilifera, Consolea moniliformis	H	DS
monogynus	G	single-ovaried	Crataegus monogyna	H	DS	C^[86]
monstrosus	L	monstrous, from monstruosus^[7]	Aegiphila monstrosa	H	DS
montanus	L	mountain.^[7] (Also montensis.)^[4]	Asplenium montanum, Acacia monticola	H	DS	C^[87]
monticola				H	D
montigenus				H	D
moschatus	G	musky	Cucurbita moschata	H	DS	C^[88]
mucosus	L	slimy, from mucus, mucus^[7]	Euryops mucosus	H	DS
mucronatus	L	sharp-edged, from mucro, sword-point or edge;^[7] mucronate	Ziziphus mucronata	H	DS	C^[89]
mucronulatus	L	short-pointed	Grevillea mucronulata	H	D	C^[90]
multifidus	L	divided into many parts^[7]	Leucospora multifida	H	DS	C^[91]
mundulus	L	elegant, from mundus^[7]	Hackelia mundula	H	D
muralis	L	wall^[7]	Cymbalaria muralis	H	DS	C^[92]
musaicus	L	mosaic. Stearn also lists mosaicus.	Guzmania musaica	H	DS
muscitoxicus	L	toxic to flies	Amianthium muscitoxicum		D
muscivorus	L	fly-eating, from voro^[7]	Helicodiceros muscivorus	H	D
muscosus	L	mossy^[7]	Crassula muscosa	H	DS
muscoides	L	mossy^[7]	Crassula muscosa	H	D
mutabilis	L	mutable^[7]	Hibiscus mutabilis	H	DS	C^[93]
mutatus	L	changed^[7]	Apoballis mutata*	H	DS
mutilatus	L	mutilated; blunt. From mutilus.^[7]	Cirsium muticum	H	DS
muticus	L	mutilated; blunt. From mutilus.^[7]	Cirsium muticum	H	DS
myriophyllus	G	myriad-leaved	Pilea myriophylla	H	DS
myrmecophilus	G	ant-loving	Hylaeaicum myrmecophila	H	DS
nanus	L	dwarf^[7]	Boronia nana	H	DS	C^[48]
nanellus	L	dwarf^[7]	Boronia nana	H	D
nasutus	L	large-nosed; scornful^[7]	Erythranthe nasuta		D
natans	L	floating, from nato^[7]	Trapa natans	H	DS
nauseosus	L	disgusting, from nauseo^[7]	Dypsis nauseosa	H	DS
navicularis	L	boat-shaped, from navicula, a small boat^[7]	Micromyrtus navicularis	H	DS	C^[30]
nebulosus	L	cloudy^[7]	Eucalyptus nebulosa	H	DS
neglectus	L	neglected^[7]	Stellaria neglecta	H	DS	C^[94]
nemorosus	L	forest^[7]	Anemonoides nemorosa	H	DS	C^[91]
nemoralis	L	forest^[7]	Anemonoides nemorosa	H	DS	C^[95]
nervosus	L	veined, originally from nervus^[7]	Liparis nervosa	H	DS	C^[59]
nervatus					D
nervis				H	DS
neurocarpus	G	veined-fruit	Acacia neurocarpa		D
nictitans	L	blinking; moving	Chamaecrista nictitans	H	D
nidus	L	nest^[7]	Asplenium nidus	H	DS
niger	L	black.^[7] Feminine nigra, neuter nigrum.	Piper nigrum	H	DS	C^[96]
nigrescens	L	blackish, from nigresco^[7]	Pyrorchis nigricans	H	DS
nigricans				H	DS	C^[97]
nigratus				H	D
nitidus	L	shining^[7]	Calochortus nitidus	H	DS	C^[83]
nitens	L	shining^[7]	Calochortus nitidus	H	DS
nivalis	L	snow^[7]	Galanthus nivalis	H	DS	C^[98]
niveus				H	DS	C^[99]
nivosus				H	DS
nobilis	L	celebrated^[7]	Laurus nobilis	H	D	C^[78]
nocturnus	L	night^[7]	Cestrum nocturnum	H	DS	C^[100]
nodosus	L	knobby^[7]	Ficinia nodosa	H	DS
nodulosus	L	knobby^[7]	Ficinia nodosa	H	DS
non-scriptus	L	unmarked, from scriptus^[7]	Hyacinthoides non-scripta	H	D	C^[101]
notatus	L	marked^[7]	Paspalum notatum	H	DS
nothus	G	false	Iris notha		DS
nubigenus	L	high-altitude, from nubigena, cloud-born^[7]	Podocarpus nubigenus	H	D	C^[27]
nubicola	L	high-altitude, from nubigena, cloud-born^[7]	Podocarpus nubigenus	H	D
nucifer	L	nut-bearing, from nux^[7]	Cocos nucifera	H	DS
nudus	L	naked^[7]	Genoplesium nudum	H	DS	C^[102]
nudatus	L	naked^[7]	Genoplesium nudum	H	D
nummularius	L	coin, from nummulus^[7]	Atriplex nummularia	H	D	C^[103]
nutans	L	nodding^[7]	Silene nutans	H	DS	C^[104]
nyctagineus	G	night-born (night-blooming)	Mirabilis nyctaginea	H	D
obconicus	L	inverted cone, from conus^[7]	Eucalyptus obconica	H	DS
obesus	L	fat^[7]	Adenium obesum	H	DS
oblatus	L	oblate (round and slightly flattened). From latus, wide.^[7]	Syringa oblata	H	DS
obliquus	L	slanting;^[7] oblique	Ficus obliqua	H	DS	C^[42]
obliteratus	L	erased, from oblitero;^[7] imperceptible	Nephrolepis obliterata		DS
oblongus	L	oblong^[7]	Cydonia oblonga	H	DS	C^[55]
oblongatus	L	oblong^[7]	Cydonia oblonga	H	D
obovatus	L	obovate (reversed ovate). From ovum, egg.^[7]	Adenanthos obovatus	H	DS	C^[105]
obscurus	L	obscure;^[7] dark	Dendrolycopodium obscurum	H	DS	C^[106]
obsoletus	L	shabby^[7]	Narcissus obsoletus		DS
obtectus	L	covered; protected^[7]	Acacia obtecta	H	S
obtusus	L	obtuse^[7]	Galium obtusum	H	DS	C^[100]
obtusatus	L	obtuse^[7]	Galium obtusum	H	DS
obvallatus	L	fortified;^[7] walled	Geophila obvallata*	H	DS
obvallaris	L	fortified;^[7] walled	Geophila obvallata*		D	C^[107]
occidentalis	L	western, from occidens^[7]	Platanus occidentalis	H	DS	C^[48]
occultus	L	hidden^[7]	Dalbergia occulta	H	S
ocellatus	L	eyespot, from ocellus, little eye^[7]	Viola ocellata	H	DS
ochraceus	G	ochre	Tabebuia ochracea	H	DS	C^[108]
octopetalus	L	eight-petalled, from octo^[7]	Dryas octopetala	H	DS	C^[109]
oculatus	L	eyespot, from oculus, eye^[7]	Verticordia oculata	H	D
odoratus	L	fragrant^[7]	Lathyrus odoratus	H	DS	C^[94]
odorifer				H	DS
odorus				H	DS	C^[26]
odoratissimus	L	most fragrant	Artocarpus odoratissimus	H	D	C^[110]
officinalis	L	medicinal^[h]	Zingiber officinale	H	DS	C^[92]
officinarum	L	medicinal^[h]	Zingiber officinale	H	D
oleifer	L	oil-bearing, from oleum, oil^[7]	Moringa oleifera	H	D	C^[111]
oleraceus	L	kitchen-garden, from olus^[7]	Sonchus oleraceus	H	DS	C^[78]
olitorius	L	kitchen-garden, from olus^[7]	Sonchus oleraceus	H	DS
oligocarpus	G	with few fruits	Annona oligocarpa	H	DS
olivaceus	L	green-brown, from oliva, olive^[7]	Lithops olivacea	H	DS
opacus	L	darkened; in the shade^[7]	Ilex opaca	H	S
operculatus	L	lidded, from operculum, a covering^[7]	Luffa operculata	H	S
oporinus	G	autumn	Diuris oporina		D
oppositifolius	L	opposite-leaved, from oppositus^[7]	Myoporum oppositifolium	H	DS	C^[112]
orbiculatus	L	circular, from orbis, ring;^[7] orbicular	Celastrus orbiculatus	H	DS	C^[38]
orbicularis	L	circular, from orbis, ring;^[7] orbicular	Celastrus orbiculatus	H	DS
oreophilus	G	mountain	Sarracenia oreophila	H	DS	C^[96]
oresbius	G	mountain	Sarracenia oreophila	H	DS
orgyalis	G	fathom-long	Kalanchoe orgyalis		DS
orientalis	L	eastern, from oriens^[7]	Platanus orientalis	H	DS	C^[12]
ornatus	L	ornamented.^[7] (Also ornans.)^[4]	Musa ornata	H	DS	C^[66]
ornatissimus	L	most ornamented	Downingia ornatissima	H	D
orthocarpus	G	straight-fruited	Acacia orthocarpa	H	DS
osmanthus	G	fragrant-flowered	Attalea osmantha	H	DS
ovatus	L	ovate, from ovum, egg^[7]	Trillium ovatum	H	DS	C^[113]
ovalis	L	ovate, from ovum, egg^[7]	Trillium ovatum	H	DS
ovifer	L	egg-bearing, from ovum^[7]	Pachyphytum oviferum, Pandanus oviger*		D
oviger	L	egg-bearing, from ovum^[7]	Pachyphytum oviferum, Pandanus oviger*		D
ovinus	L	sheep, from ovis^[7]	Festuca ovina	H	DS	C^[61]
oxyphyllus	G	sharp-leaved	Melaleuca oxyphylla	H	DS	C^[114]
pabularis	L	fodder, from pabulum^[7]	Barleria pabularis*		DS
pachycarpus	G	thick-fruited	Corymbia pachycarpa	H	DS	C^[115]
paganus	L	of villages^[7]	Rubus paganus	H
pallidus	L	pale^[7]	Lycium pallidum	H	DS	C^[116]
pallens				H	DS
pallescens				H	DS
palmaris	L	palm's-width	Chromolaena palmaris*	H	DS
palmatus	L	hand-shaped, from palma;^[7] palmate	Diplocyclos palmatus	H	DS	C^[62]
palustris	L	marsh, from palus^[7]	Banksia paludosa	H	DS	C^[30]
paludosus	L	marsh, from palus^[7]	Banksia paludosa	H	DS
panduratus	L	fiddle-shaped; pandurate	Ipomoea pandurata	H	DS
paniculatus	L	panicled	Toxicoscordion paniculatum	H	DS	C^[117]
pannosus	L	tattered^[7]	Cotoneaster pannosus	H	DS
papilio	L	butterfly	Bulbophyllum papilio	H
papillosus	L	papillose, from papilla, nipple^[7]	Sphagnum papillosum		DS
papilliger	L	papillose, from papilla, nipple^[7]	Sphagnum papillosum		D
papyraceus	L	paper. (Also papyrus.)^[4]	Narcissus papyraceus	H	DS	C^[107]
papyrifer	L	paper. (Also papyrus.)^[4]	Narcissus papyraceus	H	D	C^[48]
paradisiacus	G	paradise; garden	Cipura paradisiaca*	H	D
paradisi	G	paradise; garden	Cipura paradisiaca*	H	D
paradoxus	G	unusual	Dissocarpus paradoxus	H	D	C^[118]
parasiticus	L	parasitic, from parasitus^[7]	Macrosolen parasiticus	H	DS
pardalinus	L	leopard, from pardus.^[7] (Also pardinus.)^[4]	Lilium pardalinum	H	D	C^[119]
parmulatus	L	shield, from parmula^[7]	Rhododendron parmulatum*		D
partitus	L	divided^[7]	Klattia partita*	H	DS
parvus	L	small	Camissonia parvula	H	DS
parvulus	L	small	Camissonia parvula		D	C^[120]
pastoralis	L	of shepherds	Meryta pastoralis*		DS
patellaris	L	dish, from patella^[7]	Eucalyptus patellaris		D
patelliformis	L	dish, from patella^[7]	Eucalyptus patellaris		DS
patens	L	spreading out^[7]	Physcomitrella patens	H	DS	C^[117]
patulus	L	spreading out^[7]	Physcomitrella patens	H	DS	C^[121]
pauciflorus	L	sparse-flowered, from paucus^[7]	Stephanomeria pauciflora	H	DS	C^[23]
pauperculus	L	poor^[7]	Astragalus pauperculus	H	D
pavoninus	L	peacock blue, from pavo;^[7] eye-spotted	Anemone pavonina*	H	DS	C^[91]
pectinatus	L	comb, from pecten;^[7] pectinate	Echinocereus pectinatus	H	DS	C^[122]
pectinifer	L	comb, from pecten;^[7] pectinate	Echinocereus pectinatus		D
pectoralis	L	chest, from pectus^[7]	Justicia pectoralis	H	D
peculiaris	L	peculiar^[7]	Trachyandra peculiaris	H	S
pedalis	L	foot-long^[7]	Indocalamus pedalis*		DS
pedatifidus	L	bird's-foot; pedate. From pes, foot.^[7]	Viola pedatifida, Sidalcea pedata	H	D	C^[123]
pedatus	L	bird's-foot; pedate. From pes, foot.^[7]	Viola pedatifida, Sidalcea pedata	H	DS	C^[124]
pedunculosus	L	peduncled	Lotus pedunculatus	H	D	C^[125]
peduncularis				H	DS
pedunculatus				H	DS
pellucidus	L	transparent, from perlucidus;^[7] pellucid	Tetraphis pellucida	H	DS
peltatus	L	shield-bearing;^[7] peltate	Pelargonium peltatum	H	DS	C^[26]
pelviformis	L	shallow, from pelvis, basin^[7]	Campanula pelviformis*	H	DS
pendulus	L	hanging^[7]	Betula pendula	H	DS	C^[48]
pendulinus	L	hanging^[7]	Betula pendula	H	DS	C^[28]
penicillatus	L	paint-brush, from penicillus;^[7] penicillate. (Also penicillius.)^[4]	Banksia penicillata	H	DS
peninsularis	L	peninsula, from peninsula^[7]	Argyrochosma peninsularis	H	DS
pennatus	L	feathered; pinnate. From pinnatus.^[7]	Stipa pennata	H	DS
penniger	L	feathered, from penna^[7]	Verticordia pennigera	H	D
pensilis	L	hanging^[7]	Glyptostrobus pensilis	H	D
pentaphyllus	G	five-leaved	Gynostemma pentaphyllum	H	DS	C^[62]
peramoenus	L	very pleasant^[7]	Platanthera peramoena		D
perbellus	L	beautiful^[7]	Veronica perbella*	H	D
percussus	L	perforated^[7]	Goniophlebium percussum*		D
peregrinus	L	foreign^[7]	Comptonia peregrina	H	DS	C^[67]
perennis	L	year-long; perennial^[7]	Mercurialis perennis	H	DS	C^[126]
perennans	L	year-long; perennial^[7]	Mercurialis perennis		DS
perfoliatus	L	perfoliate	Eupatorium perfoliatum	H	DS	C^[127]
perfossus	L	perfoliate	Eupatorium perfoliatum		DS
perforatus	L	perforated, from perforo^[7]	Hypericum perforatum	H	DS	C^[128]
pergracilis	L	very slender, from gracilis^[7]	Psydrax pergracilis	H	D
permixtus	L	intermingled^[7]	Rubus permixtus		D
persimilis	L	very similar^[7]	Crataegus persimilis		D	C^[86]
persistens	L	persisting, from persisto^[7]	Calochortus persistens	H	DS
perspicuus	L	transparent^[7]	Rubus perspicuus	H	DS
pertusus	L	perforated^[7]	Bothriochloa pertusa	H	DS
perulatus	L	perulate	Enkianthus perulatus	H	DS	C^[129]
perutilis	L	very useful^[7]	Aniba perutilis*		DS
petaloideus	G	petal-like	Gunnera petaloidea	H	DS
petiolaris	L	petiolate	Banksia petiolaris	H	DS	C^[130]
petiolatus	L	petiolate	Banksia petiolaris	H	DS
petraeus	L	rock, from petra, rock or cliff^[7]	Quercus petraea	H	DS	C^[131]
phaeus	G	dark brown or grey	Geranium phaeum	H	DS	C^[132]
phyllomaniacus	G	profusely leafy	Begonia phyllomaniaca*		D
picturatus	L	embroidered^[7]	Festuca picturata	H	D	C^[133]
pictus	L	painted^[7]	Diplacus pictus	H	DS	C^[65]
pileatus	L	skull-capped;^[7] pileate	Eucalyptus pileata	H	DS	C^[134]
pilosus	L	hairy;^[7] pilose. (Also pilosulus.)^[124]	Xanthosia pilosa	H	DS	C^[135]
pilifer	L	hairy;^[7] pilose. (Also pilosulus.)^[124]	Xanthosia pilosa	H	DS
pilularis	G	globular (the fruit), from pila, ball^[7]	Eucalyptus pilularis	H	D	C^[136]
pilulifer	G	globular (the fruit), from pila, ball^[7]	Eucalyptus pilularis	H	D
pinguifolius	L	with waxy or thick leaves, from pinguis, fat^[7]	Acacia pinguifolia	H	DS	C^[108]
pinnatus	L	feathered;^[7] pinnate	Alloxylon pinnatum	H	DS	C^[137]
piperitus	L	peppery, from piper^[7]	Zanthoxylum piperitum	H	D	C^[138]
planus	L	flat^[7]	Eleocharis plana	H	DS	C^[139]
platyphyllus	G	broad-leaved. (Also platyphyllos.)^[4]	Eucalyptus platyphylla	H	DS	C^[48]
plebeius	L	plebeian^[7]	Veronica plebeia		D
plenus	L	double; full	Corymbia plena	H	DS
plenissimus	L	double; full	Corymbia plena	H	D
pleurostachys	G	side-spiked	Orleanesia pleurostachys*		DS
plicatus	L	pleated, from plico;^[7] plicate	Thuja plicata	H	DS	C^[81]
plumarius	L	plumed, from pluma;^[7] plumose	Dianthus plumarius	H	D
plumatus					D
plumosus				H	DS
plumbeus	L	leaden^[7]	Merwilla plumbea	H	DS
pluriflorus	L	many-flowered, from plurimus;^[7] pluriflor	Sannantha pluriflora	H	DS
pluvialis	L	rainy-day^[7]	Caladenia pluvialis	H	S
pocophorus	G	woolly	Rhododendron pocophorum*	H	D
poculiformis	G	goblet-shaped^[7]	Eragrostis poculiformis*		DS
podagricus	G	gout, from podagra.^[7] (Also podagraria.)^[4]	Jatropha podagrica		D
poeticus	L	of poets^[7]	Narcissus poeticus	H	D	C^[107]
poetarum	L	of poets^[7]	Narcissus poeticus		D
pogonanthus	G	bearded-flower	Abronia pogonantha		DS
polaris	L	polar or far northern	Salix polaris	H	S
polifolius	G	Greek: grey + Latin: leaf	Kalmia polifolia	H	D
politus	L	polished^[7]	Gasteria polita	H	DS
polycarpus	G	many-fruited	Corymbia polycarpa	H	DS	C^[47]
pomeridianus	L	afternoon^[7]	Chlorogalum pomeridianum	H	DS
pomifer	L	fruit-bearing;^[7] pome-bearing	Maclura pomifera	H	D	C^[140]
pomponius	L	ostentatious, from pompa;^[7] tufted	Lilium pomponium	H	D
ponderosus	L	weighty^[7]	Pinus ponderosa	H	DS	C^[121]
porophyllus	G	(apparently) porous-leaved	Saxifraga porophylla*	H	D
porphyreus	G	purple; purple-red	Sedum porphyreum	H	DS
porrigens	L	spreading, from porrigo^[7]	Galium porrigens	H
potamophilus	G	river	Sebastiania potamophila	H	DS
potatorum	L	of drinkers	Agave potatorum	H	D	C^[87]
praealtus	L	very high^[7]	Calochilus praealtus	H	D
praecox	L	early-ripening, from coquo^[7]	Agapanthus praecox	H	DS	C^[18]
praemorsus	L	(apparently) nibbled, from morsus^[7]	Acacia praemorsa	H	DS
praeruptorum	L	(inhabitant) of rough places, from praeruptus, rugged^[7]	Dicymbe praeruptorum*	H	S
praestans	L	pre-eminent^[7]	Vaccinium praestans	H	D	C^[141]
praeteritus	L	departed; overlooked^[7]	Castilleja praeterita		DS
praetermissus	L	overlooked, from praetermitto^[7]	Eucalyptus praetermissa		DS	C^[142]
praetextus	L	bordered; disguised^[7]	Cryptanthus praetextus	H	DS
praevernus	L	before the spring, from vernus^[7]	Rhododendron praevernum*		D
pratensis	L	meadow^[7]	Trifolium pratense	H	DS	C^[132]
pravissimus	L	most crooked, from pravus^[7]	Acacia pravissima	H	D	C^[118]
precatorius	L	prayer, from precator, suppliant^[7]	Euterpe precatoria		D
preptus	G	distinguished	Rhododendron preptum*		D
princeps	L	foremost^[7]	Roystonea princeps	H	D
prismaticus	G	prism	Iris prismatica	H	DS
proboscideus	G	long-snouted	Bulbophyllum proboscideum	H	DS	C^[143]
procerus	L	tall^[7]	Abies procera	H	DS	C^[65]
procumbens	L	near the ground, from procumbo;^[7] procumbent	Juniperus procumbens	H	DS	C^[64]
procurrens	L	extending, from procurro^[7]	Arabis procurrens	H	DS	C^[144]
prodigiosus	L	prodigious^[7]	Phyllolobium prodigiosum*	H
productus	L	extended, from produco^[7]	Costus productus*	H	DS
prolifer	L	proliferous, from proles, offshoot^[7]	Isolepis prolifera	H	DS	C^[96]
prolificus	L	prolific; proliferous	Hypericum prolificum	H	DS	C^[128]
pronus	L	tilted forward^[7]	Dracophyllum pronum		DS
propinquus	L	kindred^[7]	Eucalyptus propinqua	H	DS	C^[143]
prostratus	L	on the ground;^[7] prostrate	Ceanothus prostratus	H	DS	C^[17]
protistus	G	very first	Rhododendron protistum	H
protrusus	L	protruding, from protrudo^[7]	Melaleuca protrusa		DS
pruinatus	L	(apparently) frosted, from pruina;^[7] pruinose	Begonia pruinata*	H	DS
pruinosus	L	(apparently) frosted, from pruina;^[7] pruinose	Begonia pruinata*	H	DS
pruriens	L	itchy, from prurio^[7]	Mucuna pruriens		DS
psilostemon	G	smooth-stamened	Geranium psilostemon	H	DS	C^[132]
psittacinus	L	parrot, from psittacus^[7]	Impatiens psittacina, Heliconia psittacorum	H	DS
psittacorum	L	parrot, from psittacus^[7]	Impatiens psittacina, Heliconia psittacorum	H	D
pteroneurus	G	winged-vein	Cnidoscolus pteroneurus*	H	DS
pubescens	L	fuzzy, from pubesco;^[7] pubescent	Betula pubescens	H	DS	C^[48]
pubiger				H	D
pubens				H	DS
pudicus	L	shy^[7]	Mimosa pudica	H	D	C^[145]
puderosus	L	shy^[7]	Mimosa pudica		D
pugioniformis	L	dagger-shaped, from pugio^[7]	Dendrobium pugioniforme	H	DS
pulcher	L	beautiful.^[7] Feminine pulchra, neuter pulchrum.	Senecio pulcher	H	DS	C^[146]
pulchellus	L	beautiful.^[7] Feminine pulchra, neuter pulchrum.	Senecio pulcher	H	DS	C^[92]
pullus	L	blackish^[7]	Piaranthus pullus*	H	DS	C^[22]
pulverulentus	L	powdery, from pulvis;^[7] pulverulent	Eucalyptus pulverulenta	H	DS	C^[147]
pulvinatus	L	cushiony, from pulvinus;^[7] pulvinate	Grimmia pulvinata	H	DS	C^[148]
pumilus	L	dwarf. (Also pumilio.)^[4]	Ficus pumila	H	DS	C^[85]
punctatus	L	dotted, originally from punctum, point or puncture;^[7] punctate	Monarda punctata	H	DS	C^[94]
pungens	L	pricking, from pungo;^[7] pungent	Picea pungens	H	DS	C^[149]
purgans	L	purgative, from purgo^[7]	Saurauia purgans*		D
purpureus	L	purplish^[7]	Ceratodon purpureus	H	DS	C^[142]
purpuratus	L	royal;^[7] purplish	Eucalyptus purpurata	H	DS	C^[92]
purpurascens	L	light purple, from purpurasco.^[7] (Also purpurellus.)^[142]	Calamagrostis purpurascens	H	DS	C^[150]
pusillus	L	tiny^[7]	Potamogeton pusillus	H	DS
pustulatus	L	(apparently) blistered, from pustula, pustule;^[7] pustulate	Eremophila pustulata	H	DS
pycnanthus	G	densely flowering	Acacia pycnantha	H	S
pyramidalis	L	pyramidal, from pyramis^[7]	Anacamptis pyramidalis	H	DS	C^[116]
pyramidatus	L	pyramidal, from pyramis^[7]	Anacamptis pyramidalis		D
pyxidatus	G	lidded box	Eugenia pyxidata*		DS
quadrifolius	L	four-leaved, from quattuor, four^[7]	Paris quadrifolia	H	DS	C^[151]
quinatus	L	five-part, from quinque, five^[7]	Akebia quinata	H	DS	C^[116]
racemosus	L	racemose, from racemus, cluster^[7]	Sambucus racemosa	H	DS	C^[124]
radiatus	L	radiating;^[7] radiate	Lycoris radiata	H	DS	C^[121]
radians					DS
radiosus				H	DS
radicans	L	rooting, originally from radix, root^[7]	Toxicodendron radicans	H	DS	C^[152]
radicatus				H	DS
radicosus				H	DS
radicum					D
radula	L	rasp, originally from rado, to scrape^[7]	Eurybia radula	H	DS
ramentaceus	L	very scaly	Drosera ramentacea*	H	S
ramosus	L	branching, from ramus, branch^[7]	Boronia ramosa	H	DS	C^[94]
ramulosus	L	branching, from ramus, branch^[7]	Boronia ramosa	H	DS
ramosissimus	L	with many branches	Jamesbrittenia ramosissima	H	DS	C^[153]
rarus	L	rare^[7]	Hymenophyllum rarum		DS
rariflorus	L	sparse-flowered	Rhynchospora rariflora	H	DS
ravus	L	grey, dull yellow or tawny^[7]	Miconia rava*		DS
reclinatus	L	reclined, from reclino^[7]	Phoenix reclinata	H	DS
rectus	L	erect^[7]	Eucalyptus recta	H	DS	C^[154]
recurvus	L	curved back;^[7] recurved	Eucalyptus recurva	H	DS
recurvatus	L	curved back;^[7] recurved	Eucalyptus recurva	H	DS	C^[155]
recutitus	L	(apparently) skinned, from cutis, skin^[7]	Pedicularis recutita*		DS
redivivus	L	reviving^[7]	Styrax redivivus	H	DS	C^[156]
reductus	L	reduced, from reduco^[7]	Brocchinia reducta	H	DS	C^[29]
reflexus	L	bent backwards, from reflecto;^[7] reflexed	Dracaena reflexa	H	DS	C^[157]
refractus	L	bent backwards, from reflecto;^[7] reflexed	Dracaena reflexa	H	DS
refulgens	L	reflecting, from refulgeo^[7]	Justicia refulgens*	H	D
regalis	L	royal^[7]	Roystonea regia, Drosera regia	H	D	C^[119]
regius	L	royal^[7]	Roystonea regia, Drosera regia	H	D	C^[158]
religiosus	L	sacred^[7]	Ficus religiosa	H	D
remotus	L	remote (in distribution)^[7]	Pinus remota	H	DS	C^[69]
reniformis	L	kidney-shaped, from renes,^[7] kidneys	Utricularia reniformis	H	DS
repandus	L	curling at the edges^[7]	Boronia repanda	H	DS	C^[55]
repens	L	creeping^[7]	Trifolium repens	H	DS	C^[30]
reptans	L	creeping^[7]	Trifolium repens	H	DS	C^[159]
replicatus	L	folded, from replico^[7]	Lafoensia replicata	H	DS
resinosus	L	resinous, from resina^[7]	Pinus resinosa	H	DS	C^[121]
resinifer	L	resinous, from resina^[7]	Pinus resinosa	H	DS
resupinatus	L	bent backward, from resupino^[7]	Trifolium resupinatum		DS
reticulatus	L	net-like, from reticulum;^[7] reticulate	Hippeastrum reticulatum	H	DS	C^[111]
retortus	L	twisted back, from retorqueo^[7]	Cerinthe retorta*	H	DS
retroflexus				H	DS
retrofractus				H	D
retusus	L	blunt;^[7] retuse	Rhynchostylis retusa	H	DS	C^[71]
reversus	L	reversed^[7]	Alocasia reversa	H	DS
revolutus	L	rolled inward, from revolvo;^[7] revolute	Orites revolutus	H	DS	C^[55]
rex	L	king.^[7] (Also reginae, queen.)^[4]	Cattleya rex	H	D
rhabdotus	G	striped	Allium rhabdotum		D
rhodanthus	G	with rose-red flowers	Eucalyptus rhodantha	H	DS
rhombicus	G	rhombic	Acalypha rhomboidea		DS
rhomboideus	G	rhombic	Acalypha rhomboidea	H	DS
rhytidophyllus	G	wrinkled-leaf	Viburnum rhytidophyllum	H	DS	C^[110]
rigens	L	rigid.^[7] (Also rigescens.)^[4]^[160]	Muhlenbergia rigens	H	DS	C^[161]
rigidus	L	rigid.^[7] (Also rigescens.)^[4]^[160]	Muhlenbergia rigens	H	DS	C^[146]
ringens	L	gaping, from ringor^[7]	Melaleuca ringens	H	DS	C^[143]
riparius	L	riverside, from ripa, riverbank^[7]	Vitis riparia	H	DS	C^[123]
rivalis	L	brook^[7]	Calyptronoma rivalis	H	DS	C^[162]
rivularis	L	brook^[7]	Calyptronoma rivalis	H	DS	C^[91]
robustus	L	strong; solid^[7]	Metrosideros robusta	H	DS	C^[163]
rostratus	L	beaked;^[7] rostrate	Eremophila rostrata	H	DS	C^[164]
rotatus	L	circular, from rota, wheel;^[7] rotate	Hymenocallis rotata	H	DS
rotundus	L	round^[7]	Cyperus rotundus	H	DS
rotundatus	L	round^[7]	Cyperus rotundus	H	DS
ruber	L	red.^[7] Feminine rubra, neuter rubrum.	Acer rubrum	H	DS	C^[50]
rubens	L	red.^[7] Feminine rubra, neuter rubrum.	Acer rubrum	H	DS
rubescens	L	pale red, from rubesco^[7]	Calamagrostis rubescens	H	DS
rubellus	L	pale red, from rubesco^[7]	Calamagrostis rubescens	H	DS
rubiginosus	L	rusty-red, from rubigo, rust^[7]	Ficus rubiginosa	H	DS	C^[165]
rudis	L	untilled; rough^[7]	Eucalyptus rudis	H	DS
rufus	L	reddish^[7]	Pterostylis rufa	H	DS
rufescens	L	reddish^[7]	Pterostylis rufa		D
rugosus	L	wrinkled;^[7] rugose	Rosa rugosa	H	DS	C^[87]
runcinatus	L	saw-toothed; runcinate	Crepis runcinata		DS
rupestris	L	rock or cliff, from rupes;^[7] rupicolous	Brachychiton rupestris	H	DS	C^[87]
rupicola	L	rock or cliff, from rupes;^[7] rupicolous	Brachychiton rupestris	H	D
rupifragus	L	rock-cleaving	Salix rupifraga	H	D	C^[166]
russatus	L	russet, from russus^[7]	Brachyotum russatum	H	D
rusticanus	L	countryside^[7]	Armoracia rusticana	H	DS	C^[53]
rusticus	L	countryside^[7]	Armoracia rusticana	H	D	C^[167]
rutilans	L	reddish, from rutilo^[7]	Nidularium rutilans	H	DS
saccatus	L	bag, from saccus;^[7] saccate	Persoonia saccata, Manicaria saccifera	H	DS
saccifer	L	bag, from saccus;^[7] saccate	Persoonia saccata, Manicaria saccifera	H	D
saccharatus	G	sugared (in flavour or appearance)	Caladenia saccharata	H	DS
saccharifer	G	sugary. (Also saccharum.)^[6]^[168]	Acer saccharinum, Vitis saccharifera*		DS	C^[168]
saccharinus	G	sugary. (Also saccharum.)^[6]^[168]	Acer saccharinum, Vitis saccharifera*	H	DS	C^[168]
sagittalis	L	arrow, from sagitta;^[7] sagittate. (Also sagittatus.)^[4]	Crotalaria sagittalis	H	DS
salinus	L	salt, from sal^[7]	Drosera salina	H	DS
salsuginosus	L	salt marsh, from salsus^[7]	Castilleja salsuginosa		DS
sanctus	L	holy^[7]	Anacamptis sancta	H	D
sanguineus	L	bloody^[7]	Broughtonia sanguinea	H	DS	C^[157]
sapidus	L	tasty, from sapio, to have a flavour^[7]	Lissanthe sapida	H	DS
saponaceus	L	soapy. (Also saponarius.)^[4]	Solanum saponaceum*		DS
sarcodes	G	fleshy	Oncidium sarcodes	H	D
sarmentosus	L	sarmentose, from sarmentum, twig^[7]	Piper sarmentosum	H	DS	C^[43]
sativus	L	cultivated, from sero^[7]	Cannabis sativa	H	DS	C^[96]
saturatus	L	colour-saturated^[7]	Taraxacum saturatum*		DS
savannarum	L	savanna. Neo-Latin, from a 16th-century Taíno word.^[10]	Iris savannarum		DS
saxatilis	L	rock-dwelling, from saxum;^[7] saxicolous. (Also saxorum, rock,^[4] and saxifraga, rock-breaker.)^[4]	Mimetes saxatilis, Acacia saxicola, Dudleya saxosa	H	DS	C^[47]
saxicola				H	DS
saxosus				H	DS
scaber	L	rough;^[7] scabrid. Feminine scabra, neuter scabrum. (Also scabiosus.)^[4]	Boronia scabra	H	DS	C^[146]
scalaris	L	ladder, from scalae^[7]	Vriesea scalaris	H	DS	C^[29]
scandens	L	climbing, from scando;^[7] scandent	Cobaea scandens	H	DS	C^[38]
scapiger	L	scaped; scapose	Caltha scaposa, Isotoma scapigera		DS
scaposus	L	scaped; scapose	Caltha scaposa, Isotoma scapigera	H	DS
scariosus	L	filmy; scarious	Cyperus scariosus	H	DS	C^[169]
scarlatinus	L	scarlet	Bromelia scarlatina		DS
sceleratus	L	toxic	Ranunculus sceleratus		DS
sceptrum	L	sceptre^[7]	Banksia sceptrum	H	D
schidigerus	G	Greek: splinter + Latin: bearing	Yucca schidigera	H
schistocalyx	G	with a split calyx	Rhododendron schistocalyx*		D
schizopetalus	G	split-petalled	Hibiscus schizopetalus	H	DS
scholaris	L	school, from schola,^[7] school or debate	Alstonia scholaris		DS
scintillans	L	shining, from scintillo^[7]	Schizachyrium scintillans, Triodia scintillans*		D
sclerocarpus	G	hard-fruited	Metrosideros sclerocarpa		D
scoparius	L	broom, from scopae^[7]	Leptospermum scoparium, Cytisus scoparius	H	DS	C^[170]
scopulorum	L	cliff, from scopulus^[7]	Eucalyptus scopulorum	H	DS	C^[144]
scorpioides	L	scorpion, from scorpio;^[7] scorpioid	Myosotis scorpioides	H	DS
scrobiculatus	L	dimpled, from scrobis, ditch;^[7] scrobiculate	Eremophila scrobiculata		DS
sculptus	L	carved^[7]	Epidendrum sculptum		DS
scutatus	L	shield, from scutum.^[7] (Also scutellaris,^[4] scutellatus.)^[4]	Rumex scutatus		DS	C^[171]
sebifer	L	fatty; oily. From sebum.^[7]	Triadica sebifera, Geranium sebosum*		DS
sebosus	L	fatty; oily. From sebum.^[7]	Triadica sebifera, Geranium sebosum*		DS
seclusus	L	secluded^[7]	Acacia seclusa		D
secundus	L	second;^[7] secund. (Also secundatus.)^[4]	Epidendrum secundum	H	DS	C^[172]
securiger	L	axe-bearing^[7]	Tritonia securigera*		D
segetum	L	grainfield, from seges^[7]	Glebionis segetum, Nigella segetalis*	H	DS	C^[76]
segetalis	L	grainfield, from seges^[7]	Glebionis segetum, Nigella segetalis*	H	DS
semperflorens	L	ever-blooming, from semper, always^[7]	Bulbophyllum semperflorens	H	DS
sempervirens	L	evergreen	Sequoia sempervirens	H	DS	C^[168]
senescens	L	greying, from senesco^[7]	Allium senescens	H	DS	C^[96]
senilis	L	aged;^[7] white-haired	Cephalocereus senilis	H	D	C^[50]
sensitivus	L	sensitive, from sentio;^[7] sensitive	Biophytum sensitivum, Onoclea sensibilis	H	DS
sensibilis	L	sensitive, from sentio;^[7] sensitive	Biophytum sensitivum, Onoclea sensibilis	H	DS
senticosus	L	thorny, from sentus^[7]	Eleutherococcus senticosus		DS
sepiarius	L	hedge, from sepes^[7]	Calystegia sepium, Drypetes sepiaria		DS
sepium	L	hedge, from sepes^[7]	Calystegia sepium, Drypetes sepiaria	H	DS
septemfidus	L	cut into seven parts, from septem, seven.^[7]	Gentiana septemfida	H	DS	C^[161]
septentrionalis	L	northern^[7]	Asplenium septentrionale	H	DS
sepulcralis	L	graveyard, from sepulcrum^[7]	Eucalyptus sepulcralis		DS	C^[173]
sepultus	L	buried^[7]	Euphorbia sepulta*		D
sericifer	L	silky, from sericus;^[7] sericeous	Adenanthos sericeus, Araujia sericifera		D	C^[144]
sericeus	L	silky, from sericus;^[7] sericeous	Adenanthos sericeus, Araujia sericifera	H	DS	C^[157]
serotinus	L	late-blooming, from sero, late^[7]	Gagea serotina	H	DS	C^[174]
serpens	L	creeping^[7]	Eremophila serpens	H	DS
serpentinus	L	serpentine	Rauvolfia serpentina, Melaleuca serpentina		DS
serratus	L	toothed, from serra, saw;^[7] serrate. (Also serrula.)^[21]	Banksia serrata	H	DS
serrulatus	L	fine-toothed; serrulate. (Also serrula.)^[21]	Prunus serrulata	H	DS	C^[175]
sesquipedalis	L	one-and-a-half-foot^[7]	Angraecum sesquipedale	H	DS	C^[115]
sessilis	L	sitting;^[7] stalkless	Banksia sessilis	H	DS
setiger	L	bristly;^[7] setose	Papaver setigerum, Eremophila setacea, Polystichum setiferum, Corymbia setosa, Prunus setulosa	H	D	C^[165]
setaceus				H	DS	C^[20]
setifer				H	DS	C^[176]
setosus				H	DS	C^[177]
setulosus				H	DS
sexangularis	L	hexagonal, from sex, six^[7]	Sedum sexangulare	H	DS	C^[178]
siculiformis	L	dagger-shaped, from sicula^[7]	Acacia siculiformis		D
siderophloius	G	iron-barked	Eucalyptus siderophloia		D
signatus	L	marked up, from signo^[7]	Acacia signata	H	D
siliceus	L	sand, from silex, stone^[7]	Carex silicea	H	DS
silvicola	L	woodland, from silva.^[7] See sylv-, below.	Weinmannia silvicola, Persoonia silvatica, Eucalyptus silvestris		DS
silvaticus				H	DS
silvestris				H	DS
similis	L	similar;^[7] generic	Melaleuca similis	H	DS	C^[134]
simplex	L	simple;^[7] unbranched. (Also simplicissimus, simplest.)^[7]^[179]	Ruellia simplex	H	DS	C^[124]
simulans	L	imitative^[7]	Eremophila simulans	H	DS
sinuatus	L	sinuous;^[7] sinuate	Pterostylis sinuata	H	DS	C^[42]
smaragdinus	L	emerald-green, from smaragdus, a green gem^[7]	Epidendrum smaragdinum		DS
sobolifer	L	shoot-bearing;^[7] basal-shoot-bearing	Stylidium soboliferum	H	DS
socialis	L	confederated;^[7] colony-forming	Ledebouria socialis	H	D
solaris	L	solar^[7]	Drosera solaris		D
solidus	L	dense^[7]	Corydalis solida	H	DS	C^[180]
solstitialis	L	summer-solstice^[7]	Centaurea solstitialis		DS
somnifer	L	sedating^[7]	Withania somnifera	H	D	C^[166]
sordidus	L	dirty^[7] (in appearance)	Salvia sordida	H	DS
sororius	L	sisterly^[7]	Viola sororia		D	C^[123]
spadiceus	L	dark brown^[7]	Prasophyllum spadiceum		DS
sparsus	L	sparse, from spargo, to scatter^[7]	Beaufortia sparsa		DS
spathulatus	L	spatulate. (Also spathaceus, spathed,^[4]^[181] from spatha, blade.)^[7]	Sarcochilus spathulatus	H	DS
speciosus	L	showy^[7]	Banksia speciosa	H	DS	C^[143]
spectabilis	L	remarkable^[7]	Tahina spectabilis	H	D	C^[182]
speculatus	L	mirrored, from speculum^[7]	Rubus speculatus*		D
sphacelatus	G	withered	Setaria sphacelata		DS
sphaericus	G	spherical. (Also sphaeroideus.)^[6]	Corymbia sphaerica	H	D
sphaeroides	G	spherical. (Also sphaeroideus.)^[6]	Corymbia sphaerica		D
sphegodes	G	wasp	Ophrys sphegodes		D
sphenantherus	G	wedge-anthered	Schisandra sphenanthera*		D
spicifer	L	spike, from spica;^[7] spicate. (Also spicatus.)^[4]^[168]	Swintonia spicifera, Melaleuca spicigera, Micraira spiciforma*		DS
spiciger				H	D	C^[112]
spiciformis				H	DS
spinescens	L	spiny, from spina;^[7] spinose. (Also spinulosus.)^[4]	Acacia spinescens, Cenchrus spinifex, Prunus spinosa	H	DS
spinifer					DS
spinifex				H	D
spinosus				H	DS	C^[84]
spinulifer					D
spinosissimus	L	spiniest	Mammillaria spinosissima	H	D	C^[183]
spiralis	L	coiled or twisted, from spira;^[7] spiral	Thelymitra spiralis	H	DS
spissus	L	crowded^[7]	Pterostylis spissa		DS
splendidus	L	splendid^[7]	Eremophila splendens, Boronia splendida	H	DS	C^[64]
splendens	L	splendid^[7]	Eremophila splendens, Boronia splendida	H	D	C^[130]
spurius	L	spurious	Eremophila spuria	H	DS	C^[178]
squalidus	L	squalid^[7]	Senecio squalidus	H	DS	C^[184]
squalens	L	squalid^[7]	Senecio squalidus		D
squamosus	L	scaly^[7]	Pterostylis squamata, Eucalyptus squamosa	H	DS	C^[185]
squamatus	L	scaly^[7]	Pterostylis squamata, Eucalyptus squamosa	H	DS	C^[185]
squarrosus	L	with extended tips; squarrose. Cognate to squamosus.^[10]	Bromus squarrosus	H	DS	C^[186]
stamineus	L	well-stamened, from stamen, thread^[7]	Trillium stamineum	H	DS
stans	L	standing, from sto^[7]	Tecoma stans	H	DS	C^[154]
stauracanthus	G	cross-spined	Cryosophila stauracantha*		D
stellaris	L	star, from stella;^[7] stellate. (Also stellulatus.)^[129]	Hibbertia stellaris, Allium stellatum	H	DS
stellatus				H	DS	C^[187]
stelliger					D
stenocarpus	G	narrow-fruited	Hakea stenocarpa	H	D
sterilis	L	infertile;^[7] sterile	Bromus sterilis	H	DS
stipulaceus	L	stipuled, from stipula, stalk^[7]^[10]	Dalbergia stipulacea, Palaquium stipulare, Rubus stipulatus	H	DS
stipularis				H	DS
stipulatus				H	D
stolonifer	L	stolon-bearing; stoloniferous	Drosera stolonifera	H	D	C^[112]
stramineus	L	straw;^[7] straw-coloured	Parsonsia straminea		DS
strangulatus	L	constricted, from strangulo^[7]	Trigonella strangulata*		DS
strepens	L	rattling, from strepo^[7]	Ruellia strepens		D
streptophyllus	G	twisted-leaf	Tillandsia streptophylla	H	D
striatus	L	striped; striate. (Also striatulus.)^[175]	Bletilla striata, Dendrobium striolatum	H	DS	C^[188]
striolatus	L	striped; striate. (Also striatulus.)^[175]	Bletilla striata, Dendrobium striolatum	H	DS
strictus	L	drawn tight;^[7] upright	Orthoceras strictum	H	DS	C^[87]
strigosus	L	meagre;^[7] strigose	Caladenia strigosa	H	DS
strigillosus	L	meagre;^[7] strigose	Caladenia strigosa		D
strobilifer	L	cone-bearing	Deuterocohnia strobilifera	H	D
strongylophyllus	G	rounded-leaf	Acacia strongylophylla		D
strumosus	L	swollen^[7]	Hakea strumosa	H	DS	C^[130]
strumarius	L	swollen^[7]	Hakea strumosa		D
stylosus	L	well-styled	Rhizophora stylosa	H	DS	C^[135]
styracifluus	L	gummy	Liquidambar styraciflua	H	D	C^[189]
suaveolens	L	sweet-scented	Brugmansia suaveolens	H	DS	C^[23]
suavis	L	sweet^[7]	Cymbidium suave	H	DS
subacaulis	L	partly stemmed	Calystegia subacaulis	H	D
subalpinus	L	subalpine, from alpinus;^[7] lower-mountain	Jacaranda subalpina	H	DS
subauriculatus	L	partly eared, from auricula, ear^[7]	Pseuderanthemum subauriculatum		DS
subcaeruleus	L	light blue, from caeruleus, sky blue^[7]	Acacia subcaerulea		DS
subcanus	L	partly grey, from canus^[7]	Pavetta subcana*		DS
subcarnosus	L	partly fleshy	Aizoon subcarnosum*		D
subcordatus	L	almost heart-shaped	Alisma subcordatum	H	DS	C^[190]
subdentatus	L	partly toothed, from dentatus^[7]	Epilobium subdentatum*		DS
subdivaricatus	L	partly spreading, from divarico^[7]	Erica subdivaricata*		D
subelongatus	L	partly elongated, from longus^[7]	Jasminum elongatum		DS
suberectus	L	angled, from erectus^[7]	Atriplex suberecta		DS
suberosus	L	partly erose	Boronia suberosa	H	DS
subfalcatus	L	almost sickle-shaped, from falcatus^[7]	Lysiana subfalcata		DS
subglaucus	L	partly glaucous, from glaucus^[7]	Juncus subglaucus*		DS
subhirtellus	L	slightly hairy, from hirtus^[7]	Drosera subhirtella	H	DS	C^[21]
submersus	L	submerged, from submergo^[7]	Ceratophyllum submersum	H	DS
subpetiolatus	L	partly petiolate	Navia subpetiolata		D
subscandens	L	likely to climb, from scando^[7]	Siparuna subscandens*		DS
subterraneus	L	underground^[7]	Trifolium subterraneum	H	DS
subulatus	L	awl-shaped; subulate	Phlox subulata	H	DS	C^[51]
subvillosus	L	partly shaggy, from villosus^[7]	Allium subvillosum	H	DS
succisus	L	severed below^[7]	Robiquetia succisa		DS
succulentus	L	fleshy; succulent	Lupinus succulentus	H	DS	C^[191]
suffrutescens	L	partly shrubby, from frutex, shrub^[7]	Portulaca suffrutescens, Dillenia suffruticosa	H	DS	C^[192]
suffruticosus	L	partly shrubby, from frutex, shrub^[7]	Portulaca suffrutescens, Dillenia suffruticosa	H	DS	C^[166]
sulcatus	L	furrowed, from sulcus;^[7] sulcate	Persoonia sulcata	H	DS	C^[155]
sulphureus	L	sulphur-yellow. Stearn also lists sulfureus; (Also sulphureas.)^[6]	Pimelea sulphurea, Siphocampylus sulfureus	H	DS	C^[105]
superbus	L	proud;^[7] superb. (Also superbiens.)^[4]	Calothamnus superbus	H	D	C^[51]
superciliaris	L	eyebrow, from supercilium^[7]	Begonia superciliaris*		D
supinus	L	supine^[7]	Asperula supina*	H	DS
supranubius	L	above the clouds, from nubes, cloud^[7]	Genista supranubia*		D
surculosus	L	shoot-bearing, from surculus, a shoot^[7]	Mammillaria surculosa	H	DS
suspensus	L	suspended^[7]	Forsythia suspensa	H	DS	C^[193]
sylvaticus	L	woodland, from sylva.^[7] See silv-, above.	Nyssa sylvatica, Angelica sylvestris, Caladenia sylvicola, Aruncus sylvester	H	DS	C^[194]
sylvester				H	D
sylvestris				H	DS	C^[91]
sylvicola				H	DS
tabuliformis	L	flat, from tabula, board^[7]	Aeonium tabuliforme	H	DS	C^[79]
taediger	L	torch-bearing, from taeda, torch.^[7] (Also taeda.)^[195]	Raphia taedigera		D
tanastylus	G	long-styled	Rhododendron tanastylum*		D
tapetiformis	L	woven (like tapestry or carpet), from tapes^[7]	Rhododendron tapetiforme*		D
tardus	L	tardy;^[7] late.	Tulipa tarda, Allium tardiflorum	H	DS
tardivus	L	tardy;^[7] late.	Tulipa tarda, Allium tardiflorum		D
tectorum	L	of roofs, from tectum^[7]	Sempervivum tectorum	H	DS	C^[196]
tectus	L	covered^[7]	Genoplesium tectum		DS
telmateius	G	of soggy ground	Equisetum telmateia		DS
temenius	G	of sacred places	Rhododendron temenium*		D
temulentus	L	drunk^[7]	Lolium temulentum	H	DS
temulus	L	drunk^[7]	Lolium temulentum		D
tenax	L	tenacious^[7]	Sideroxylon tenax	H	DS	C^[135]
tenebrosus	L	gloomy	Cattleya tenebrosa*	H	DS
tenellulus	L	tender;^[7] delicate	Felicia tenella		D
tenellus	L	tender;^[7] delicate	Felicia tenella	H	DS	C^[197]
tener	L	delicate^[7]	Sticherus tener	H
tentaculatus	L	tentacled	Caladenia tentaculata	H
tenuis	L	thin.^[7] (Also tenuissimus, thinnest.)^[4]^[107]	Cystopteris tenuis	H	DS	C^[198]
teres	L	rounded or circular;^[7] terete	Dampiera teres	H	DS
terminalis	L	at the end, from terminus;^[7] terminal	Persoonia terminalis	H	DS	C^[72]
ternatus	L	triple, from ternus;^[7] ternate	Sedum ternatum	H	DS	C^[199]
terrestris	L	ground-dwelling;^[7] terrestrial	Lysimachia terrestris	H	DS
tessellatus	L	tessellated, from tessella, a small cube^[7]	Thamnocalamus tessellatus	H	DS	C^[200]
testaceus	L	brick-coloured, from testa, brick^[7]	Caladenia testacea	H	DS	C^[201]
testicularis	L	testicular, from testiculus^[7]	Aglaia testicularis*	H	D
testiculatus	L	testicular, from testiculus^[7]	Aglaia testicularis*		DS
testudo	L	tortoise^[7]	Durio testudinarius		D
testudinarius	L	tortoise^[7]	Durio testudinarius	H	D
tetracanthus	G	four-spined	Barleria tetracantha		D
tetragonus	G	four-angled; tetragonal	Dendrobium tetragonum	H	DS	C^[85]
tetrandrus	G	four-anthered	Myoporum tetrandrum	H	DS
tetranthus	G	four-flowered	Lactuca tetrantha		D
tetraphyllus	G	with four leaves	Polycarpon tetraphyllum	H	D
tetrapterus	G	four-winged	Eucalyptus tetraptera	H	DS	C^[29]
textilis	L	woven^[7]	Juncus textilis	H	DS
thermalis	L	warm springs, from thermae^[7]	Azima tetracantha		DS
thurifer	L	incense-bearing^[7]	Anisoptera thurifera		D
thyrsiflorus	L	thyrse-flowered, from thyrsus, stalk or vined staff.^[7] (Also thyrsoideus and thyrsoides.)^[4]	Ceanothus thyrsiflorus	H	DS	C^[17]
tigrinus	L	striped; spotted. From tigris, tiger.^[7]	Cymbidium tigrinum	H	DS
tinctorum	L	of dyers, from tinctus, dyed^[7]	Indigofera tinctoria		DS
tinctorius	L	of dyers, from tinctus, dyed^[7]	Indigofera tinctoria	H	DS	C^[94]
tinctus	L	dyed^[7]	Fuchsia tincta*		DS
tingens	L	tingeing, from tingo^[7]	Marsdenia tingens*		DS
titanius	G	titanic. (Also titanus.)^[4]	Amorphophallus titanum		D
tomentosus	L	matted, from tomentum, cushion-filling;^[7] tomentose	Alectryon tomentosus	H	DS	C^[78]
tonsus	L	shaved^[7]	Dischidia tonsa*		DS
torminalis	L	(for) colic, from tormina^[7]	Sorbus torminalis		D	C^[29]
torosus	L	muscular;^[7] cylindrical with constrictions	Mandevilla torosa		DS
torridus	L	parched^[7]	Coccothrinax torrida		DS
tortilis	L	twisted.^[7] (Also tortuosus.)^[83]	Prasophyllum tortilis, Corymbia torta	H	DS
tortus	L	twisted.^[7] (Also tortuosus.)^[83]	Prasophyllum tortilis, Corymbia torta	H	DS
toxicarius	L	toxic, from toxicum, poison^[7]	Antiaris toxicaria	H	DS
toxicus					D
toxifer					D
trachyspermus	G	rough-seeded	Kewa trachysperma*	H	S
transitorius	L	short-lived, originally from transeo, to pass through briefly^[7]	Caladenia transitoria	H	S
translucens	L	translucent, from transluceo^[7]	Acacia translucens		DS
transparens	L	transparent, from trans^[7] + pareo^[7]	Pteris transparens*		D
trapeziformis	L	irregularly four-sided; trapeziform	Chiloglottis trapeziformis	H	DS
tremulus	L	shaking.^[7] (Also tremuloides.)^[44]	Pteris tremula	H	DS	C^[44]
triacanthus	L	three-spined. (Also triacanthos.)^[4]	Opuntia triacantha		D
triandrus	G	three-anthered	Salix triandra	H	DS
triangularis	L	triangular, from triangulus^[7]	Prasophyllum triangulare	H	DS	C^[202]
triangulatus	L	triangular, from triangulus^[7]	Prasophyllum triangulare	H	D
tricaudatus	L	three-tailed	Aristolochia tricaudata		D
tricephalus	L	three-headed	Coussarea tricephala*		D
trichophorus	G	hairy	Triglochin trichophora		D
trichotomus	G	three-branched	Clerodendrum trichotomum	H	D	C^[203]
tricoccus	G	three-lobed	Allium tricoccum		DS
tricolor	L	three-coloured, from color^[7]	Viola tricolor	H	DS	C^[37]
tricornis	L	three-horned	Delphinium tricorne		DS
tricuspidatus	L	three-pointed, from tricuspis^[7]	Parthenocissus tricuspidata	H	DS	C^[151]
tridens	L	three-toothed^[7]	Larrea tridentata		D
tridentalus	L	three-toothed^[7]	Larrea tridentata		DS	C^[204]
trifidus	L	split into three;^[7] trifid	Galium trifidum	H	DS	C^[201]
triflorus	L	three-flowered	Geum triflorum	H	D	C^[205]
trifolius	L	with three leaflets; trifoliate	Coptis trifolia	H	D	C^[206]
trifoliatus	L	with three leaflets; trifoliate	Coptis trifolia	H	D	C^[116]
trifurcatus	L	three-forked, from furca^[7]	Hakea trifurcata	H	DS
trifurcus	L	three-forked, from furca^[7]	Hakea trifurcata		DS
trigonophyllus	G	with triangular leaves	Acacia trigonophylla	H	D
trilobatus	L	three-lobed	Malus trilobata	H	DS	C^[207]
trimestris	L	three-month, from mensis, month^[7]	Lavatera trimestris	H	DS
trinervis	L	with three nerves (veins), originally from nervus^[7]	Conothamnus trinervis	H	DS
trinotatus	L	triple-marked	Palmorchis trinotata*		D
tripetalus	G	three-petaled	Magnolia tripetala	H	DS	C^[187]
triphyllus	G	three-leaved	Gladiolus triphyllus	H	D	C^[78]
tripterus	G	three-winged. (Also tripteris.)^[4]	Acacia triptera	H	D	C^[163]
trispermus	G	three-seeded	Reutealis trisperma		DS
tristachyus	G	three-spiked	Diphasiastrum tristachyum		D
tristis	L	sad;^[7] dull	Pterostylis tristis	H	DS	C^[208]
triternatus	L	with three groups of leaflets in threes, from ternus, triple^[7]	Lomatium triternatum	H	DS	C^[154]
trivialis	L	common^[7]	Alisma triviale	H	DS	C^[190]
tropicus	G	tropical	Acacia tropica		DS
truncatus	L	truncated, from truncus, dismembered or deprived of branches;^[7] truncate	Lupinus truncatus, Telopea truncata	H	DS	C^[168]
tubatus	L	trumpet, from tuba^[7]	Oxypetalum tubatum*		DS
tubaeformis	L	trumpet, from tuba^[7]	Oxypetalum tubatum*		DS
tuberculatus	L	bumpy; tuberculate	Diospyros tuberculata, Eleocharis tuberculosa	H	DS
tuberculosus	L	bumpy; tuberculate	Diospyros tuberculata, Eleocharis tuberculosa	H	D
tuberosus	L	swollen, from tuber, a swelling;^[7] tuberous	Thysanotus tuberosus	H	DS	C^[96]
tubulosus	L	tubular	Leichhardtia tubulosa	H	DS	C^[154]
tubifer	L	tubular	Leichhardtia tubulosa	H	D
tuguriorum	L	of hut-dwellers, from tugurium, hut^[7]	Calystegia tuguriorum		D
tumidus	L	tumid^[7]	Verticordia tumida		DS
turbinatus	L	shaped like a top, from turbineus;^[7] turbinate	Stylidium turbinatum	H	DS
turgidus	L	swollen;^[7] turgid	Kali turgidum		DS
typicus	G	typical	Arthraxon typicus*		DS
tytthocarpus	G	small-fruited	Cotoneaster tytthocarpus*		DS
uliginosus	L	of marshes; from uligo, dampness^[7]	Salvia uliginosa	H	DS	C^[209]
umbellatus	L	umbelled, from umbella, umbrella^[7]	Ornithogalum umbellatum	H	DS	C^[210]
umbonatus	L	with a central knob, from umbo, knob;^[7] umbonate	Corymbia umbonata		DS
umbraculifer	L	sunshade-bearing, from umbraculum, sunshade^[7]	Corypha umbraculifera		DS
umbrella	L	umbrella, from umbra, shade^[7]	Soroseris umbrella*		DS
umbrosus	L	shady;^[7] shade-tolerant	Scrophularia umbrosa	H	DS	C^[112]
uncinatus	L	hooked;^[7] uncinate	Hemiphora uncinata, Chamelaucium uncinatum	H	DS	C^[211]
undulatus	L	wavy, from unda;^[7] undulate	Nerine undulata	H	DS	C^[79]
undatus	L	wavy, from unda;^[7] undulate	Nerine undulata	H	DS
unguiculatus	L	clawed, from unguis^[7]	Bulbophyllum unguiculatum	H	DS	C^[39]
unguicularis	L	clawed, from unguis^[7]	Bulbophyllum unguiculatum	H	DS
uniflorus	L	one-flowered	Monotropa uniflora, Ipheion uniflorum	H	D	C^[88]
urbanus	L	town.^[7] (Also urbius.)^[4]	Geum urbanum	H	DS	C^[162]
urbicus	L	town.^[7] (Also urbius.)^[4]	Geum urbanum	H	D
urceolatus	L	flask, from urceolus;^[7] urceolate	Gastrodia urceolata	H	DS	C^[98]
urens	L	burning, from uro^[7]	Caryota urens	H	DS
urniger	L	urn, from urna^[7]	Pogonatum urnigerum		DS
ursinus	L	bear, from ursus^[7]	Allium ursinum	H	D	C^[96]
usitatissimus	L	most useful, from usitatus^[7]	Linum usitatissimum		DS	C^[126]
ustulatus	L	(apparently) scorched, from uro	Neotinea ustulata		D
utilis	L	useful^[7]	Brosimum utile	H	DS	C^[143]
utriculatus	L	bladder-like; with utricles	Tillandsia utriculata	H	DS
utriculosus	L	bladder-like; with utricles	Tillandsia utriculata		DS
vacillans	L	variable, from vacillo^[7]	Vaccinium vacillans		DS
vagans	L	widely distributed; wandering. From vagor, to wander.^[7]	Erica vagans	H	DS	C^[212]
vaginatus	L	sheathed^[7]	Cyperus vaginatus	H	DS
vaginalis				H	DS
vaginifer					D
validus	L	strong;^[7] well-developed	Yucca valida		DS
vallicola	L	valley-dweller^[7]	Carex vallicola		D
variabilis	L	variable, from vario^[7]	Pseuderanthemum variabile	H	DS	C^[139]
varians				H	DS
variatus				H	D
varicosus	L	with enlarged veins or vessels	Oncidium varicosum	H	S
variegatus	L	variegated	Codiaeum variegatum	H	DS	C^[175]
varius	L	diverse^[7]	Hakea varia	H	DS
vegetus	L	vigorous^[7]	Astragalus vegetus*	H	DS
vellereus	L	fleecy, from vellus, fleece^[7]	Ballota vellerea*		DS
velox	L	quick;^[7] quick-growing	Rubus velox		D
velutinus	L	velvety, from French and Latin	Myoporum velutinum	H	DS	C^[17]
venator	L	hunter^[7]	Rhododendron venator*		D
venenatus	L	poisonous, from venenum^[7]	Alstonia venenata		DS
venenosus	L	very poisonous	Toxicoscordion venenosum	H	DS
venosus	L	heavily veined, from vena^[7]	Haworthiopsis venosa	H	DS
ventricosus	L	ventricose (swollen, often on one side), from venter, belly^[7]	Ensete ventricosum	H	DS
venustus	L	pretty^[7]	Calochortus venustus	H	DS	C^[124]
verecundus	L	shy^[7]	Boronia verecunda	H	D
vermiculatus	L	wormlike; having waving lines^[7]	Caroxylon vermiculatum		D
vermicularis	L	wormlike; having waving lines^[7]	Caroxylon vermiculatum		DS
vernicosus	L	varnished	Eucalyptus vernicosa	H	DS	C^[108]
vernix	L	varnish. (Also vernicifluus.)^[4]	Acacia verniciflua		D
vernus	L	of spring^[7]	Ficaria verna, Leucojum vernum	H	DS	C^[213]
vernalis	L	of spring^[7]	Ficaria verna, Leucojum vernum	H	DS
verrucosus	L	warty, from verruca;^[7] verrucose	Sesuvium verrucosum, Berberis verruculosa	H	DS
verruculosus	L	warty, from verruca;^[7] verrucose	Sesuvium verrucosum, Berberis verruculosa	H	DS	C^[214]
versicolor	L	variably coloured^[7]	Iris versicolor	H	DS	C^[23]
verticillatus	L	whorled, from vertex, a whorl;^[7] verticillate	Banksia verticillata	H	DS	C^[118]
verticillaris	L	whorled, from vertex, a whorl;^[7] verticillate	Banksia verticillata		D
verus	L	true^[7]	Aloe vera	H	DS	C^[175]
vescus	L	small;^[7]^[193] feeble;^[7]^[4] edible	Fragaria vesca	H	D
vesicarius	L	bladder, from vesica^[7]	Carex vesicaria	H	DS	C^[139]
vesiculosus	L	vesicle, from vesicula,^[7] seed vesicle	Aldrovanda vesiculosa	H	DS
vespertilionis	L	(wings) of a bat	Christia vespertilionis*		D
vespertinus	L	(flowering) in the evening^[7]	Asplenium vespertinum	H	DS
vestitus	L	covered^[7]	Leucospermum vestitum	H	DS
vexans	L	troublesome, from vexo^[7]	Buddleja vexans	H	D
vexillaris	L	with a flag, from vexillum^[7]	Pachycarpus vexillaris*		DS
viarum	L	by the side of the road or path, from via.^[7] (Also vialis.)^[4]	Solanum viarum		DS
victorialis	L	victorious, from victoria^[7]	Allium victorialis		D
vigilis	L	vigilant, from vigilo^[7]	Diascia vigilis	H
villosus	L	hairy;^[7] villous	Vicia villosa	H	DS	C^[93]
vinealis	L	vineyard, from vinea^[7]	Allium vineale		D
vinifer	L	yielding wine, from vinum^[7]	Vitis vinifera	H	D
vinosus	L	wine-red	Schefflera vinosa		DS
violaceus	L	violet-coloured, from viola, a violet^[7]	Banksia violacea	H	DS	C^[215]
violascens	L	light violet. (Also violescens.)^[4]	Pitcairnia violascens		D
virens	L	green^[7]	Rhus virens	H	DS
viridis	L	fresh-green^[7]^[10]	Veratrum viride	H	DS	C^[175]
viridescens	L	light green	Ferocactus viridescens, Nassella viridula	H	DS
viridulus	L	light green	Ferocactus viridescens, Nassella viridula	H	DS
viridissimus	L	greenest	Forsythia viridissima	H	D	C^[193]
virgatus	L	twiggy^[7]	Homoranthus virgatus, Panicum virgatum	H	DS	C^[157]
virginalis	L	virginal;^[7] white. (Also virgineus.)^[4]	Disa virginalis	H	D
virgultorum	L	hedge, from virgulta^[7]	Solanum virgultorum*		D
viscidus	L	sticky; viscid	Phacelia viscida	H	DS
viscosus	L	sticky	Dittrichia viscosa	H	DS	C^[216]
vitaceus	L	vine, from vitis.^[7] (Also viticella.)^[4]	Piper vitaceum*	H	DS
vitellinus	L	yolk-coloured, from vitellus^[7]	Xanthophyllum vitellinum	H	DS
vittatus	L	striped, from vitta, a (worn) band^[7]	Hakea vittata	H	DS
vittiger	L	striped, from vitta, a (worn) band^[7]	Hakea vittata		D
vivax	L	long-lived^[7]	Phyllostachys vivax	H
viviparus	L	viviparous	Bistorta vivipara	H	S
volubilis	L	circling around^[7]	Comesperma volubile	H	DS
volutus	L	with rolled leaves, from voluto^[7]	Epidendrum volutum*		DS
vomitorius	L	causing vomiting, from vomo^[7]	Ilex vomitoria	H	D	C^[125]
vulcanicus	L	of volcanos	Peperomia vulcanica		DS
vulgaris	L	common^[7]	Marrubium vulgare	H	DS	C^[217]
vulpinus	L	of foxes, from vulpes^[7]	Vitis vulpina		D
xanthinus	G	yellow	Acacia xanthina	H	D	C^[183]
xylonacanthus	G	woody-spined	Agave xylonacantha		D
zaleucus	G	very white	Rhododendron zaleucum*		D
zebrinus	L	zebra-striped, from Portuguese and Neo-Latin	Tradescantia zebrina	H	DS
zibethinus	L	(stinking) like a civet	Durio zibethinus	H	D
zonatus	L	banded, from zona, belt;^[7] zonate	Cryptanthus zonatus	H	DS
zonalis	L	banded, from zona, belt;^[7] zonate	Cryptanthus zonatus	H	D

Notes

Citations

References

Bayton, Ross (2020). The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20017-0.
Coombes, Allen (2012). The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 9781604691962.
Cullen, Katherine E. (2006). Biology: The People Behind the Science. New York, New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9780816072217.
Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453.
Harrison, Lorraine (2012). Latin for Gardeners: Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226009193.
Lewis, Charlton (1891). An Elementary Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199102051. Available online at the Perseus Digital Library.
The Linnean Society (August 1992). "Publications by William T. Stearn on bibliographical, botanical and horticultural subjects, 1977–1991; a chronological list". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 109 (4): 443–451. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb01443.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
POWO (2019). "Plants of the World Online". London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2021. See terms of use.
Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 9780881926279.
Stearn, William (2002). Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. London: Cassell. ISBN 9780304364695.

Search

List of descriptive plant species epithets (I–Z)

Contents

Key

Epithets

See also

Notes

Citations

References

Further reading