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List of dinosaur genera

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 million years ago; their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record demonstrates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch. Birds were therefore the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 million years ago. Dinosaurs can be divided into avian dinosaurs (birds) and non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. Birds are feathered theropod dinosaurs and constitute the only known living dinosaurs.

Mounted skeletons of Tyrannosaurus (left) and Apatosaurus (right) at the AMNH

This list of dinosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been considered to be non-avian dinosaurs, but also includes some dinosaurs of disputed status (avian? or non-avian?, where "avian" refers to the clade Avialae), as well as purely vernacular terms.

The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms and genera that are no longer considered dinosaurs. Many listed names have been reclassified as everything from true birds to crocodilians to petrified wood. The list contains 1764 names, of which approximately 1328 are considered either valid dinosaur genera or nomina dubia.

Scope and terminology

There is no official, canonical list of all non-avian dinosaur genera. The closest is the Dinosaur Genera List, compiled by biological nomenclature expert George Olshevsky, which was first published online in 1995 and was regularly updated until June 2021.[1][2] The most authoritative general source in the field is the second (2004) edition of The Dinosauria. The vast majority of names listed below are sourced to Olshevsky's list, and all subjective determinations (such as junior synonymy or non-dinosaurian status) are based on The Dinosauria, except where they conflict with primary literature. These exceptions are noted.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:[1]

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN (see Tyrannosaurus), but junior synonyms cannot be used again for a different genus, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Nomen manuscriptum (Latin for "manuscript name"): A name that appears in manuscript of a formal publication that has no scientific backing.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. Preoccupied names are not valid generic names.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation (see Hadrosaurus), no genera should be marked as such on this list.

A

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Replica of an Allosaurus skeleton.
Artist's reconstruction of Amargasaurus.
Artist's reconstruction of Anzu.
Artist's restoration of Archaeoceratops.
Artist's restoration of Austroraptor.

B

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Reconstructed skeletal mount of Baryonyx at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo.
Artist's restoration of Borealopelta.

C

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Centrosaurus skull.
Artist's restoration of Ceratosaurus.
Coelophysis mounted skeleton at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.

D

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Artist's restoration of Deinocheirus.
Artist's restoration of Diamantinasaurus.
A Dysalotosaurus skeleton.

E

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Replica of an Eoraptor skeleton.
Life restoration of Euoplocephalus.

F

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Life restoration of Fruitadens.

G

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Artist's restoration of Giganotosaurus.
Artist's reconstruction of Giraffatitan.

H

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Huaxiagnathus fossil displayed in Hong Kong Science Museum
Skeleton of Hypsilophodon.

I

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Artist's reconstruction of Iguanodon.

J

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Life restoration of Jinfengopteryx.

K

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Kentrosaurus skeleton.

L

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of Lambeosaurus.
Artist's restoration of Limusaurus.
Life reconstruction of two individuals of Linhenykus in their arid Campanian-aged living environment.

M

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's reconstruction of Massospondylus.
Artist's reconstruction of Microraptor with colouration based on fossilised melanosomes.
Cast of a Muttaburrasaurus skeleton.

N

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Life restoration of Neimongosaurus.
Restored head of Nemegtomaia.

O

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Artist's reconstruction of Omeisaurus.

P

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Life restoration of Pachycephalosaurus.
Artist's restoration of Plateosaurus.
Prosaurolophus skull.

Q

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's reconstruction of Qiupalong.

R

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Ruyangosaurus skeleton.

S

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of Scelidosaurus.
Sinosaurus skeleton, Museo delle Scienze of Trento, Italy.
Skorpiovenator skull.
Artist's restoration of Stegosaurus.

T

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of Thecodontosaurus.
Thescelosaurus fossil.
Skeleton of Triceratops at the Houston Museum of Natural Science.

U

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Restoration of Udanoceratops.

V

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Life restoration of Velociraptor.

W

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Artist's restoration of Wiehenvenator.

X

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's reconstruction of Xiongguanlong.

Y

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Artist's restoration of Yangchuanosaurus.

Z

Contents:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z – See also
Life restoration of Zby.

See also

Notes

  • Most uncited genus names are taken from Olshevsky's "Dinosaur Genera List".[1] Non-dinosaur dinosauromorphs and non-avebrevicaudan avialans are also listed by Olshevsky, but are omitted from this list as they are not considered "non-avian dinosaurs" in most published sources.

References

  • Lambert, D. (1993). "A to Z of Dinosaurs" In: The Ultimate Dinosaur Book. Dorling Kindersley, 192 pp. ISBN 0-7513-0047-0
  • Olshevsky, G. (1995–2021). Dinosaur Genera List Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  • Walters, M. & J. Paker (1995). Dictionary of Prehistoric Life. Claremont Books. ISBN 1-85471-648-4.
  • Weishampel, D.B., P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds.) (2004). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. University of California Press, 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

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