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List of heads of government who were later imprisoned

This is a list of heads of government who were later imprisoned. There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.

Africa

PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
Muhammad VIII al-Amin  TunisiaBey of Tunis (1943-1956) & King of Tunisia (1956-1957)1957Overthrown[1]
Patrice Lumumba  Democratic Republic of the CongoPrime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960)1961Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
Ahmed Ben Bella  AlgeriaPresident of Algeria (1963-1965)1965Overthrown[3]
Ntare V of Burundi  BurundiKing of Burundi (1966)1966Overthrown
Alphonse Massamba-Débat  Republic of the CongoPresident of the Republic of the Congo (1963-1968)1968Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
Modibo Keïta  MaliPresident of Mali (1960-1968)1968Overthrown[4][5]
Idris of Libya  LibyaKing of Libya (1951-1969)1969Overthrown
Hamani Diori  NigerPresident of Niger (1960-1974)1974Overthrown[6]
Haile Selassie  EthiopiaEmperor of Ethiopia (1930-1974)1974Overthrown[7]
Moktar Ould Daddah  MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (1960-1978)1978Overthrown[8]
Ali Soilih  ComorosHead of State of the Comoros (1976-1978)1978Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[9]
Ignatius Kutu Acheampong  GhanaHead of state of Ghana (1972-1978)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Akwasi Afrifa  GhanaHead of state of Ghana (1969-1970)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Fred Akuffo  GhanaHead of state of Ghana (1978-1979)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Francisco Macías Nguema  Equatorial GuineaPresident of Equatorial Guinea (1968-1979)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[11]
Luís Cabral  Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (1973-1980)1980Overthrown
Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla  MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (1980-1984)1984Colluding with a foreign power[12]
Jean-Bédel Bokassa  Central African RepublicPresident of the Central African Republic (1966-1976) & Emperor of Central Africa (1976-1979)1987Murder[13]
Mengistu Haile Mariam  EthiopiaPresident of Ethiopia (1987-1991)1991Overthrown
Moussa Traoré  MaliPresident of Mali (1968-1991)1993Overthrown[14]
Canaan Banana  ZimbabwePresident of Zimbabwe (1980-1987)1999Homosexuality[15]
João Bernardo Vieira  Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (1980-1984, 1984-1999, 2005–2009), Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau & Vice President of Guinea-Bissau (1977-1980)1999Overthrown
Kumba Ialá  Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (2000-2003)2003Overthrown
Pasteur Bizimungu  RwandaPresident of Rwanda (1994-2000)2004Corruption[16]
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya  MauritaniaPrime Minister of Mauritania (1981-1984, 1984-1992) & President of Mauritania (1984-2005)2005Overthrown
Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó  Equatorial GuineaPrime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004-2006)2007Corruption[17]
Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi  MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (2007-2008)2008Overthrown
Mohamed Bacar  AnjouanPresident of Anjouan (2001-2008)2008Illegally entering a country[18]
Marc Ravalomanana  MadagascarPresident of Madagascar (2005-2009)2010Murder[19]
Mamadou Tandja  NigerPresident of Niger (1999-2010)2010Overthrown[20]
Eugene Koffi Adoboli  TogoPrime Minister of Togo (1999-2000)2011Corruption[21]
Abuzed Omar Dorda  LibyaPrime Minister of Libya (1990-1994)2011Crimes against humanity[22]
Baghdadi Mahmudi  LibyaSecretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006-2011)2011Illegally entering a country[23]
Muammar Gaddafi  LibyaBrotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979-2011), Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969-1977), Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1977-1979) & Prime Minister of Libya (1970-1972)2011Overthrown
Hosni Mubarak  EgyptPresident of Egypt (1981-2011), Prime Minister of Egypt (1981-1982) & Vice-President of Egypt (1975-1981)2011Overthrown
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali  TunisiaPresident of Tunisia (1987-2011)2011Overthrown[24]
Charles Taylor  LiberiaPresident of Liberia (1997-2003)2012Crimes against humanity[25]
Raimundo Pereira  Guinea-BissauPresident of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012)2012Overthrown
François Bozizé  Central African RepublicPresident of the Central African Republic (2003-2013)2013Overthrown[26]
Ephraïm Inoni  CameroonPrime Minister of Cameroon (2004-2009)2013Corruption[27]
Mohamed Morsi  EgyptPresident of Egypt (2012-2013)2013Overthrown[28][29]
Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira  BurundiVice-President of Burundi (1998-2001)2015Bribery[30]
Jean-Pierre Bemba  Democratic Republic of the CongoVice-Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003-2006)2016Crimes against humanity[31]
Hissène Habré  ChadPresident of Chad (1982-1990)2016Crimes against humanity[32]
Robert Mugabe  ZimbabwePrime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980-1987) & President of Zimbabwe (1987-2017)2017Overthrown[33]
Hama Amadou  NigerPrime Minister of Niger (1995-1996 & 2000–2007)2017Child smuggling[34]
Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi  ComorosPresident of the Comoros (2006-2011)2018Corruption[35]
Youcef Yousfi  AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (2014)2019Corruption[36]
Abdelmalek Sellal  AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (2012-2017)2019Corruption[37]
Ahmed Ouyahia  AlgeriaPrime Minister of Algeria (1995-1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019)2019Corruption[37]
Mohamed Tahir Ayala  SudanPrime Minister of Sudan (2019)2019Overthrown[38]
Omar al-Bashir  SudanPresident of Sudan (1989-2019)2019Overthrown[39][40][41]
Guillaume Soro  Ivory CoastPrime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007-2012)2020Corruption[42]
Tom Thabane  LesothoPrime Minister of Lesotho (2012-2015 & 2017–2020)2020Murder[43]
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta  MaliPresident of Mali (2013-2020)2020Overthrown[44]
Bah Ndaw  MaliPresident of Mali (2020-2021)2021Overthrown[45]
Moctar Ouane  MaliPrime Minister of Mali (2020-2021)2021Overthrown[45]
Alpha Condé  GuineaPresident of Guinea (2010-2021)2021Overthrown[46]
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz  MauritaniaPresident of Mauritania (2009-2019)2021Corruption[47]
Yahya Ould Hademine  MauritaniaPrime Minister of Mauritania (2014-2018)2021Corruption[48]
Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir  MauritaniaPrime Minister of Mauritania (2018-2019)2021Corruption[48]
Jacob Zuma  South AfricaPresident of South Africa (2009-2018)2021Corruption[49]
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré  Burkina FasoPresident of Burkina Faso (2015-2022)2022Overthrown[50]
Moussa Dadis Camara  GuineaPresident of Guinea (2008-2010)2022Imprisoned before trial[51]
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba  Burkina FasoPresident of Burkina Faso (2022)2022Overthrown[52]
Mohamed Bazoum  NigerPresident of Niger (2021-2023)2023Overthrown[53]
Ali Bongo Ondimba  GabonPresident of Gabon (2009-2023)2023Overthrown[54]

Asia

PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater
imprisonment		Reason
Li Si  ChinaImperial Chancellor (208 BC)208 BCTreason (Executed by Waist chop)
Zhao Gao  ChinaImperial Chancellor (208-207 BC)207 BCOverthrown (Stabbed to death)
Ziying of Qin  ChinaRuler of Qin (207 BC)206 BCOverthrown (Executed by beheading)
Huai of Jin  ChinaEmperor of China (Western Jin) (307-311)313Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Min of Jin  ChinaEmperor of China (Western Jin) (313-316)318Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Tianzuo of Liao  ChinaEmperor of the Liao Dynasty (1101–1125)1156Overthrown (Executed by being shot to death with arrows)
Qinzong of Song  ChinaEmperor of the Song Dynasty (1126–1127)1127Captured by enemy forces during the Jingkang incident
Wen Tianxiang  ChinaGrand Chancellor of the Song Dynasty (1275–1278)1283Treason (Executed by beheading)
Mehmed VI  TurkeySultan of the Ottoman Empire (1918-1922)1922Overthrown
Puyi  ChinaEmperor of Manchukuo (1934-1945) and Emperor of China (1908-1912)1946Crimes against humanity
Chen Gongbo Collaborationist ChinaPresident of the Republic of China (1944-1945)1946Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Liang Hongzhi Collaborationist ChinaPresident of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938-1940)1946Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Kōki Hirota  JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1936-1937)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hiranuma Kiichirō  JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1939)1946Crimes against humanity
Kuniaki Koiso  JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1944-1945)1946Crimes against humanity
Masaharu Homma  JapanMilitary Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1942)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Shigenori Kuroda  JapanMilitary Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1943-1944)1946Crimes against humanity
Tomoyuki Yamashita  JapanMilitary Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1944-1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Jirō Minami  JapanGovernor-General of Korea (1936-1942)1946Crimes against humanity
Takashi Sakai  JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1941-1942)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Rensuke Isogai  JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1942-1944)1946Crimes against humanity
Hisakazu Tanaka  JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1945)1947Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Yoshijirō Umezu  JapanGovernor-General of Kwantung (1939-1944)1948Crimes against humanity
Heitarō Kimura  JapanGovernor of Hong Kong (1944-1945)1948Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hideki Tojo  JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1941-1944)1948Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Faisal II of Iraq  IraqKing of Iraq (1939-1958)1958Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Nuri al-Said  IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1930-1958)1958Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Adnan Menderes  TurkeyPrime Minister of Turkey (1950-1960)1960Overthrown (Executed by hanging)[55]
Abd al-Karim Qasim  IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1958-1963)1963Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Sukarno  IndonesiaPresident of Indonesia (1945-1967)1967Overthrown[56]
Liu Shaoqi  ChinaChairman of the People's Republic of China (1958-1968)1968Treason[57]
Said Bin Taimur  OmanSultan of Oman (1932-1970)1970Overthrown
Tajuddin Ahmad  BangladeshPrime Minister of Bangladesh (1971-1972)1975Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[58]
Muhammad Mansur Ali  BangladeshPrime Minister of Bangladesh (1975)1975Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[58]
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad  BangladeshPresident of Bangladesh (1975)1975Overthrown[58]
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda  IranPrime Minister of Iran (1965-1977)1979Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[59]
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  IranShah of Iran (1941-1979)1979Overthrown
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto  PakistanPresident of Pakistan (1971-1973)
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973-1977)		1979Murder (Hanging)[60][61][62]
Kakuei Tanaka  JapanPrime Minister of Japan (1972-1974)1983Bribery[63]
Zhao Ziyang  ChinaGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987-1989)
Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980-1987)		1989Politically purged
Hussain Muhammad Ershad  BangladeshPresident of Bangladesh (1983-1990)1990Corruption[64]
Mohammad Najibullah  AfghanistanPresident of Afghanistan (1987-1992)1992Overthrown (Tortured to death)[65]
Chun Doo-hwan  South KoreaPresident of South Korea (1980-1988)1996Treason[66]
Roh Tae-woo  South KoreaPresident of South Korea (1988-1993)1996Treason[67]
Akezhan Kazhegeldin  KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994-1997)1998Tax evasion[68]
Necmettin Erbakan  TurkeyPrime Minister of Turkey (1996-1997)1998Corruption[69]
Benazir Bhutto  PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990 & 1993–1996)1999Corruption[70]
P. V. Narasimha Rao  IndiaPrime Minister of India (1991-1996)2000Corruption[71]
Suharto  IndonesiaPresident of Indonesia (1968-1998)2000Corruption[72]
Ne Win  BurmaPrime Minister of Burma (1958-1960 & 1962-1974)
President of Burma (1974-1981)		2002Treason[73]
Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi  IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1991-1993)2003Overthrown[74]
Sa'dun Hammadi  IraqPrime Minister of Iraq (1991)2003Overthrown[75]
Saddam Hussein  IraqPresident of Iraq (1979-2003)2003Overthrown (Executed by hanging)[76]
Khin Nyunt  BurmaPrime Minister of Myanmar (2003-2004)2005Corruption[77]
Joseph Estrada  PhilippinesPresident of the Philippines (1998-2001)2007Corruption[78]
Norodom Ranariddh  CambodiaPrime Minister of Cambodia (1993-1997)2007Corruption[79]
Chen Shui-bian  TaiwanPresident of the Republic of China (2000-2008)2009Bribery[80]
Abdul Kabir  AfghanistanActing Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001)2010Terrorism[81]
Yousaf Raza Gillani  PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (2008-2012)2012Contempt of court[82]
Nambaryn Enkhbayar  MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2000-2004)
President of Mongolia (2005-2009)		2012Corruption[83]
Abdumalik Abdullajanov  TajikistanPrime Minister of Tajikistan (1992-1993)2013Attempted assassination[84]
Ehud Olmert  IsraelPrime Minister of Israel (2006-2009)2014Bribery[85]
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf  PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (2012-2013)2014Corruption[86]
Khieu Samphan  Democratic KampucheaChairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1976-1979)2014Crimes against humanity[87]
Nuon Chea  Democratic KampucheaPrime Minister of Kampuchea (1976)2014Crimes against humanity[88]
Kenan Evren  TurkeyPresident of Turkey (1980-1989)2014Treason[89]
Serik Akhmetov  KazakhstanPrime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012-2014)2015Corruption[90]
Han Myeong-sook  South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (2006-2007)2015Bribery[91]
Lee Wan-koo  South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (2015)2016Bribery[92]
Yingluck Shinawatra  ThailandPrime Minister of Thailand (2011-2014)2017Corruption[93]
Choi Kyoung-hwan  South KoreaPrime Minister of South Korea (2015)2018Bribery[94]
Chimediin Saikhanbileg  MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2014-2016)2018Corruption[95]
Sanjaagiin Bayar  MongoliaPrime Minister of Mongolia (2007-2009)2018Corruption[95]
Ma Ying-jeou  TaiwanPresident of the Republic of China (2008-2016)2018Leaking classified information[96]
Almazbek Atambayev  KyrgyzstanPresident of Kyrgyzstan (2011-2017)2018Murder[97]
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom  MaldivesPresident of the Maldives (1978-2008)2018Treason[98]
Lee Myung-bak  South KoreaPresident of South Korea (2008-2013)2018Bribery[99]
Park Geun-hye  South KoreaPresident of South Korea (2013-2017)2018Bribery[100]
Khaleda Zia  BangladeshPrime Minister of Bangladesh (1991-1996 & 2001–2006)2018Corruption[101]
Nawaz Sharif  PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (1990-1993, 1997-1999 & 2013–2017)2018Corruption[102][103][104]
Abdulla Yameen  MaldivesPresident of the Maldives (2013-2018)2019Corruption[105]
Thaksin Shinawatra  ThailandPrime Minister of Thailand (2001-2006)2019Corruption[106]
Surapong Tovichakchaikul  ThailandDeputy Prime Minister of Thailand (2012-2014)2019Corruption[107]
Nur Bekri  ChinaChairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
People's Government (2008-2014)		2019Bribery[108]
Pervez Musharraf  PakistanPresident of Pakistan (2001-2008)2019Treason[109]
Asif Ali Zardari  PakistanPresident of Pakistan (2008-2013)2019Corruption[110]
Najib Razak  MalaysiaPrime Minister of Malaysia (2009-2018)2019Corruption[111]
Zhantoro Satybaldiyev  KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012-2014)2019Corruption[112]
Sapar Isakov  KyrgyzstanPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2017-2018)2019Corruption[112]
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi  YemenPresident of Yemen (2012–2022)2020Treason[113]
Aung San Suu Kyi  MyanmarState Counsellor of Myanmar (2016-2021)2021Illegally importing walkie-talkies[114]
Imran Khan  PakistanPrime Minister of Pakistan (2018-2022)2023Corruption[115]

Europe

PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
ValerianRoman EmpireEmperor of Rome (253-260)260Overthrown
Mary, Queen of Scots  ScotlandQueen of Scotland (1542-1567)1587Treason (Executed by beheading)
Charles I of England  England,  Scotland &  IrelandKing of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649)1649Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Louis XVI of France  FranceKing of France (1774-1792)1793Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Lajos Batthyány  HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1848)1849Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Nicholas II of Russia  RussiaEmperor of Russia (1894-1917)1917Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Carol II of Romania  RomaniaKing of Romania (1930-1940)1940Overthrown
Géza Lakatos  HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944)1945Crimes against humanity
Bogdan Filov  BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1940-1943)1945Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Dobri Bozhilov  BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1943-1944)1945Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Benito Mussolini  ItalyPrime Minister of Italy (1922-1945)1945Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Philippe Pétain  FranceChief of the Government (1940) & Chief of the French State (1940-1944)1945Treason
Pierre Laval  FranceChief of the Government (1931-1932, 1935-1936, 1940 & 1942-1944)1945Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Vidkun Quisling  NorwayMinister President of Norway (1942-1945)1945Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Risto Ryti  FinlandPresident of Finland (1940-1944)1945Treason
Ibrahim Biçakçiu  AlbaniaPrime Minister of Albania (1944)1945Crimes against humanity
Georgios Tsolakoglou  GreecePrime Minister of Greece (1941-1942)1945Treason
Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov  BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1944)1945Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Petar Gabrovski  BulgariaPrime Minister of Bulgaria (1943)1945Crimes against humanity
Wilhelm Frick  Nazi GermanyProtector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943-1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Ferenc Szálasi  HungaryHead of State of Hungary (1944-1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Döme Sztójay  HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Karl Hermann Frank  Nazi GermanyReich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia (1942-1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hans Frank  Nazi GermanyGovernor-General of the General Government of Occupied Poland (1939-1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Kurt Daluege  Nazi GermanyProtector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942-1943)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Kostaq Kotta  AlbaniaPrime Minister of Albania (1928-1930 & 1936–1939)1946Crimes against humanity
Béla Imrédy  HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1938-1939)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Ion Antonescu  RomaniaPrime Minister of Romania (1940-1944)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Ioannis Rallis  GreecePrime Minister of Greece (1943-1944)1946Treason
Konstantinos Logothetopoulos  GreecePrime Minister of Greece (1943-1944)1946Treason
Arthur Seyss-Inquart  Nazi GermanyChancellor of Austria (1938) & Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands (1940-1945)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
László Bárdossy  HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941-1942)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Karl Dönitz  Nazi GermanyPresident of the German Reich (1945)1946Crimes against humanity
Johan Wilhelm Rangell  FinlandPrime Minister of Finland (1941-1943)1946Crimes against humanity
Konstantin von Neurath  Nazi GermanyProtector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1943)1946Crimes against humanity
Jan Syrový  CzechoslovakiaPrime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938)1945Treason
Rudolf Beran  CzechoslovakiaPrime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938-1939) & Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939)1941 & 1945Treason
Emil Hácha  CzechoslovakiaPresident of Czechoslovakia (1938-1939) & President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945)1945Treason
Alois Eliáš  Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaPrime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1941)1941Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Jaroslav Krejčí  Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaPrime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1941-1945)1945Treason
Richard Bienert  Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaPrime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1945)1945Treason
Vojtech Tuka  SlovakiaPrime Minister of the Slovak Republic (1939-1944)1946Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Jozef Tiso  SlovakiaPresident of the Slovak Republic (1939-1945)1947Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Erich Koch  Nazi GermanyGauleiter of Gau East Prussia (1928-1945), Oberpräsident of East Prussia (1933-1945), Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941-1944) & Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1944-1945)1950Crimes against humanity
Konstantin Päts  EstoniaPresident of Estonia (1938-1940)1952Anti-Soviet agitation
Imre Nagy  HungaryPrime Minister of Hungary (1953-1955 & 1956)1958Overthrown (Executed by hanging)
Zoltán Tildy  HungaryPrime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1945-1946) & President of Hungary1958Overthrown
Georgios Zoitakis  GreeceRegent of Greece (1967-1972)1974Treason and Insurrection
Georgios Papadopoulos  GreecePresident of Greece (1973) & Prime Minister of Greece (1967-1973)1974Treason and Insurrection
Nicolae Ceaușescu  RomaniaPresident of Romania (1974-1989)1989Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Todor Zhivkov  BulgariaGeneral Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954-1989)1990Overthrown[116]
Egon Krenz  East GermanyChairman of the State Council (1989)1990Manslaughter[117]
Erich Honecker  East GermanyGeneral Secretary of East Germany (1971-1989)1992Manslaughter[118]
Adil Çarçani  AlbaniaPrime Minister of Albania (1981-1991)1994Abuse of office[119][120]
Slobodan Milošević  SerbiaPresident of Yugoslavia (1997-2000) & President of Serbia (1989-1997)2001Crimes against humanity
Biljana Plavšić  Republika SrpskaPresident of Republika Srpska (1996-1998)2003Crimes against humanity[121]
Milan Babić  Republic of Serbian KrajinaPresident of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991-1992) & Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1995)2004Crimes against humanity[122]
Pavlo Lazarenko  UkrainePrime Minister of Ukraine (1996-1997)2004Fraud[123]
Momčilo Krajišnik  Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-1998)2006Crimes against humanity[124]
Ramiz Alia  AlbaniaPresident of Albania (1991-1992)2006Murder[125]
Milan Martić  Republic of Serbian KrajinaPresident of Republic of Serbian Krajina (1994-1995)2007Crimes against humanity[126]
Vlado Bučkovski  MacedoniaPrime Minister of Macedonia (2004-2006)2008Corruption[127]
Nikola Šainović  SerbiaPrime Minister of Serbia (1993-1994) & Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia (1994-2000)2009Crimes against humanity[128]
Yulia Tymoshenko  UkrainePrime Minister of Ukraine (2007-2010)2011Corruption[129]
Jacques Chirac  FrancePrime Minister of France (1974-1976 & 1986–1988) & President of France (1995-2007)2011Corruption[130]
José Sócrates  PortugalPrime Minister of Portugal (2005-2011)2014Corruption[131]
Vano Merabishvili  GeorgiaPrime Minister of Georgia (2012)2014Corruption[132]
Adrian Năstase  RomaniaPrime Minister of Romania (2000-2004)2014Bribery[133]
Svetozar Marović  Serbia and MontenegroPresident of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006)2016Corruption[134]
Vlad Filat  MoldovaPrime Minister of Moldova (2009-2013)2016Corruption[135]
Radovan Karadžić  Republika SrpskaPresident of Republika Srpska (1992-1996)2016Crimes against humanity[136]
Robert Kocharyan  ArmeniaPresident of Armenia (1998-2008)2018Corruption[137]
Ivo Sanader  CroatiaPrime Minister of Croatia (2003-2009)2018Corruption[138]
Mykola Azarov  UkrainePrime Minister of Ukraine (2010-2014)2019Treason[139]
Viktor Yanukovych  UkrainePresident of Ukraine (2010-2014)2019Treason[139]
Serzh Sargsyan  ArmeniaPresident of Armenia (2008-2018)2020Corruption[140]
François Fillon  FrancePrime Minister of France (2007-2012)2020Fraud[141]
Nicolas Sarkozy  FrancePresident of France (2007-2012)2021Bribery[142][143]
Mikheil Saakashvili  GeorgiaPresident of Georgia (2004-2007 & 2008–2013)2021[144]Abuse of power[145]
Nikola Gruevski  North MacedoniaPrime Minister of Macedonia (2006-2016)2022Money laundering[146]
Igor Dodon  MoldovaPresident of Moldova (2016-2020)2022Corruption
Treason

North America

PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
Jefferson Davis  USAPresident of the Confederate States of America (1862-1865)1865Treason[147]
Oreste Zamor  HaitiPresident of Haiti (1914)1915Illegal entry[148]
Élie Lescot  HaitiPresident of Haiti (1941-1946)1946Overthrown[149]
Franck Sylvain  HaitiPresident of Haiti (1957)1957Overthrown[150]
Maurice Bishop  GrenadaPrime Minister of Grenada (1979-1983)1983Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[151]
Norman Saunders  Turks and Caicos IslandsChief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980-1985)1985Drug smuggling[152]
Bernard Coard  GrenadaPrime Minister of Grenada (1983)1986Murder[153]
Prosper Avril  HaitiPresident of Haiti (1988-1990)2001Conspiracy, murder[154]
Basdeo Panday  Trinidad and TobagoPrime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995-2001)2006Fraud[155]
McKeeva Bush  Cayman IslandsPremier of the Cayman Islands (2009-2012)2012Corruption[156]
Jean-Claude Duvalier  HaitiPresident of Haiti (1971-1986)2013Corruption[157]
David Brandt  MontserratChief Minister of Montserrat (1997-2001)2015Child sex abuse[158]
Michael Misick  Turks and Caicos IslandsChief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003-2006) & Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2006-2009)2019Fraud[159]
Andrew Fahie  British Virgin IslandsPremier of the Virgin Islands (2019-2022)2022Drug Trafficking[160]

Oceania

PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
Steve Christian  Pitcairn IslandsMayor of Pitcairn Islands (1999-2004)2004Child sex abuse[161]
Laisenia Qarase  FijiPrime Minister of Fiji (2000-2006)2012Corruption[162]
Gaston Flosse  French PolynesiaPresident of French Polynesia (1984-1987, 1991–2005, 2008 & 2013–2014)2013Corruption[163]
Mahendra Chaudhry  FijiPrime Minister of Fiji (1999-2000)2014Fraud[164]
Moana Carcasses Kalosil  VanuatuPrime Minister of Vanuatu (2013-2014)2015Bribery[165]
Serge Vohor  VanuatuPrime Minister of Vanuatu (1995-1998, 2004, 2009 & 2011)2015Bribery[166]
Mike Warren  Pitcairn IslandsMayor of Pitcairn Islands (2008-2013)2016Child sex abuse[167]
Oscar Temaru  French PolynesiaPresident of French Polynesia (2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009 & 2011–2013)2019Fraud[168]
Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō  TongaPrime Minister of Tonga (2010-2014)2020Bribery[169]
Frank Bainimarama  FijiPrime Minister of Fiji (2007-2022) & President of Fiji (2000, 2006-2007)2023Abuse of Office[170]

South America

PortraitNameCountriesOfficial positionLater imprisonmentReason
José María Vargas  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1835–1836)1835Overthrown. Briefly put into house arrest during the Revolution of the Reforms[171]
José Antonio Páez  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1830–1835)1849Prisoner of war
José Gregorio Monagas  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1851–1855)1858March Revolution[172]
Julián Castro  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1858–1859)1859Overthrown[173]
Francisco I. Madero  MexicoPresident of Mexico (1911-1913)1913Overthrown (executed by firing squad)
Washington Luís  BrazilPresident of Brazil (1926-1930)1930Overthrown[174][175][176]
Isaías Medina Angarita  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1941–1945)1945Overthrown[177]
Rómulo Gallegos  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1948)1948Overthrown
Café Filho  BrazilPresident of Brazil (1954-1955)1955Attempted coup[178][179][180]
Marcos Pérez Jiménez  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1953–1958)1963Corruption[181]
João Goulart  BrazilPresident of Brazil (1961-1964)1964Overthrown
Isabel Perón  ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1974-1976)1976Overthrown
Henck Arron  SurinamePrime Minister of Suriname (1975-1980)1980Overthrown[182]
Roberto Eduardo Viola  ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1981)1983Murder[183]
Leopoldo Galtieri  ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1981-1982)1986Mishandling of the Falklands War[184]
Salvador Jorge Blanco  Dominican RepublicPresident of the Dominican Republic (1982-1986)1988Corruption[185]
Manuel Noriega  PanamaPresident of Panama (1983-1989)1989Drug trafficking
Luis García Meza  BoliviaPresident of Bolivia (1980-1981)1995Crimes against humanity[186]
Carlos Andrés Pérez  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1974–1979, 1989–1993)1996Corruption
Augusto Pinochet  ChilePresident of Chile (1974-1990)1998Crimes against humanity
Fabián Alarcón  EcuadorPresident of Ecuador (1997-1998)1999Fraud[187]
Hugo Chávez  VenezuelaPresident of Venezuela (1999–2002, 2002–2013)2002Attempted coup
Arnoldo Alemán  NicaraguaPresident of Nicaragua (1997-2002)2003Corruption[188]
Errol Alibux  SurinamePrime Minister of Suriname (1983-1984)2003Forgery[189][non-primary source needed]
Luis Ángel González Macchi  ParaguayPresident of Paraguay (1999-2003)2006Corruption[190]
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez  UruguayPresident of Uruguay (1981-1985)2007Crimes against humanity[191]
Alberto Fujimori  PeruPresident of Peru (1990-2000)2009Corruption and human rights violations[192]
Manuel Zelaya  HondurasPresident of Honduras (2006-2009)2009Overthrown
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier  Costa RicaPresident of Costa Rica (1990-1994)2009Corruption[193]
Reynaldo Bignone  ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1982-1983)2010Murder[194]
Jorge Rafael Videla  ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1976-1981)2010Murder[195]
Juan María Bordaberry  UruguayPresident of Uruguay (1972-1976)2010Crimes against humanity[196]
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez  Costa RicaPresident of Costa Rica (1998-2002)2011Corruption[197]
Efraín Ríos Montt  GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (1982-1983)2014Crimes against humanity[198]
Alfonso Portillo  GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (2000-2004)2014Bribery[199]
Jamil Mahuad  EcuadorPresident of Ecuador (1998-2000)2014Corruption[200]
Carlos Menem  ArgentinaPresident of Argentina (1989-1999)2015Corruption[201]
Otto Pérez Molina  GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (2010-2015)2015Corruption[202]
Gerrit Schotte  CuraçaoPrime Minister of Curacao (2010-2012)2016Bribery[203]
Ollanta Humala  PeruPresident of Peru (2011-2016)2017Corruption[204]
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  BrazilPresident of Brazil (2003-2010 & 2023–present)2017Corruption[205]
Álvaro Colom  GuatemalaPresident of Guatemala (2008-2012)2018Corruption[206]
Antonio Saca  El SalvadorPresident of El Salvador (2004-2009)2018Corruption[207]
Alejandro Toledo  PeruPresident of Peru (2001-2006)2019Corruption[208]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski  PeruPresident of Peru (2016-2018)2019Corruption[209]
Michel Temer  BrazilPresident of Brazil (2016-2018)2019Corruption and money laundering[210]
Evo Morales  BoliviaPresident of Bolivia (2006-2019)2019Overthrown
Álvaro Uribe  ColombiaPresident of Colombia (2002-2010)2020Bribery and witness tampering[211]
Ashwin Adhin  SurinameVice President of Suriname (2015-2020)2020Corruption[212]
Jeanine Áñez  BoliviaPresident of Bolivia (2019-2020)2021Overthrown[213]
Juan Orlando Hernández  HondurasPresident of Honduras (2014-2022)2022Drug trafficking[214]
Dési Bouterse  SurinamePresident of Suriname (2010-2020) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1980-1987)2022Murder[215]
Pedro Castillo  PeruPresident of Peru (2021–2022)2022Treason, rebellion, and corruption
Fernando Collor  BrazilPresident of Brazil (1990-1992)2023Corruption[216]

See also

References

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