Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) are designated by local authorities under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The local authority must have a legal control over the site, by owning or leasing it or having an agreement with the owner. LNRs are sites which have a special local interest either biologically or geologically, and local authorities have a duty to care for them. They can apply local byelaws to manage and protect LNRs.[1][2]
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East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by Kent to the north-east, West Sussex to the west, Surrey to the north and the English Channel to the south.[3] It has an area of 1,725 km2 (666.0 sq mi)[4] and a population as of 2018 of 552,000.[5]
As of July 2019, there are 26 LNRs in East Sussex.[6] Ten sites are Sites of Special Scientific Interest, three are Special Protection Areas, three are Special Areas of Conservation, one is a Ramsar site, two are Scheduled Monuments, two are Geological Conservation Review sites, one is a Nature Conservation Review site and six are managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust.
Key
Other classifications
Sites
| Site | Photograph | Area[a] | Location[b] | Borough | Other classifications | Map[c] | Details[d] | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arlington Reservoir |  | 100.6 hectares (249 acres) | Polegate 50°50′42″N 0°10′44″E / 50.845°N 0.179°E TQ 535 073 | Wealden | SSSI[8] | Map | Details | More than 10,000 birds winter on this site, including over 1% of the UK population of wigeon. In addition, more than 170 species of birds on passage have been recorded. The River Cuckmere runs through the reservoir and there are areas of tall fen and exposed shingle.[9] |
| Beacon Hill |  | 18.6 hectares (46 acres) | Brighton 50°48′32″N 0°03′54″W / 50.809°N 0.065°W TQ 364 028 | Brighton and Hove | Map | Details | This chalk grassland site has extensive views out to sea and inland. Flora include round-headed rampion and several species of orchid, while there are birds such as skylarks.[10] Rottingdean Windmill is a grade II listed building towards the south of the site.[11] | |
| Benfield Hill |  | 11.8 hectares (29 acres) | Hove 50°51′18″N 0°12′36″W / 50.855°N 0.210°W TQ 261 077 | Brighton and Hove | Map | Details | This area of grassland and scrub is on south and east facing slopes. There are many glow-worms.[12] | |
| Bevendean Down | ,_Bevendean_(May_2020)_(3).JPG) | 64.6 hectares (160 acres) | Brighton 50°50′35″N 0°06′07″W / 50.843°N 0.102°W TQ 337 066 | Brighton and Hove | Map | Details | This site is in five separate blocks. It is mainly chalk grassland and there are also areas of woodland and scrub. There is a dew pond, a variety of orchids and insects such as the Adonis blue butterfly and hornet robberfly.[13] | |
| Castle Hill, Newhaven |  | 16.4 hectares (41 acres) | Newhaven 50°46′55″N 0°02′53″E / 50.782°N 0.048°E TQ 445 001 | Lewes | GCR,[14] SSSI[15] | Map | Details | The hill has views to the sea to the south, the Downs to the north and Newhaven to the east. Habitats are geologically important cliffs, scrub and grassy glades. There are several badger setts and other fauna include sea birds, slow worms and common lizards.[16] |
| Chailey Common |  | 173.3 hectares (428 acres) | Lewes 50°58′23″N 0°01′44″W / 50.973°N 0.029°W TQ 385 211 | Lewes | SSSI[17] | Map | Details | This common on Ashdown Sands has areas of acidic grassland, marshy grassland, bracken, wet heath, dry heath, a stream, ditches and ponds. Butterfly species include the silver-studded blue, grayling, pearl-bordered fritillary, high brown fritillary, green hairstreak and small pearl-bordered fritillary.[18] |
| Church Wood and Robsack Wood | .jpg) | 29.7 hectares (73 acres) | St Leonards-on-Sea 50°52′19″N 0°32′02″E / 50.872°N 0.534°E TQ 784 111 | Hastings | Map | Details | This site in four separate areas has semi-natural woodland, semi-improved grassland and streams. Woodland flora include toothwort, goldilocks buttercup and early purple orchid.[19] | |
| Crowborough Country Park | .jpg) | 7.3 hectares (18 acres) | Crowborough 51°02′53″N 0°10′48″E / 51.048°N 0.180°E TQ 529 299 | Wealden | Map | Details | The park has diverse habitats including wet and dry woodland, grass and heath glades, marshes, streams and ponds. The main stream runs through a steep rocky gorge. Flora include the nationally rare moss Discelium nudum.[20] | |
| Filsham Reed Beds |  | 18.5 hectares (46 acres) | St Leonards-on-Sea 50°51′36″N 0°31′26″E / 50.860°N 0.524°E TQ 777 097 | Hastings | SSSI,[21] SWT[22] | Map | Details | This is one of the largest reedbeds in the county and it also has areas of grazing marsh, swamp and ancient woodland. There is a wide variety of plants and over 1000 species of invertebrates have been recorded. The bird life is important and diverse, with species such as Cetti's warbler, reed bunting, sedge warbler, purple heron, red-backed shrike and water rail.[23] |
| Hastings Country Park and Fairlight Place Farm |  | 331.6 hectares (819 acres) | Hastings 50°52′05″N 0°37′34″E / 50.868°N 0.626°E TQ 849 109 | Hastings | GCR,[24][25] SAC,[26] SPA,[27] SSSI[28] | Map | Details | The park has views of Hastings old town and of the cliffs towards Beachy Head. Dinosaur footprints can be seen in intertidal rocks and there are many fossils. Habitats include cliff top grassland, arable land, cliffs, heath and woodland, which has rare liverworts and mosses.[29] |
| Hempstead Meadow | .jpg) | 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres) | Uckfield 50°58′08″N 0°05′56″E / 50.969°N 0.099°E TQ 475 210 | Wealden | Map | Details | The site is mainly wet grassland with scattered trees and scrub. Flora include primroses, tussock sedge and various ferns. The meadow is used as a foraging area by bats.[30] | |
| Ladies Mile |  | 13.6 hectares (34 acres) | Brighton 50°52′05″N 0°07′48″W / 50.868°N 0.130°W TQ 317 093 | Brighton and Hove | Map | Details | This grassland site has extensive areas of horseshoe vetch and kidney vetch. There are also areas of scrub and a wood at the southern end.[31] | |
| Marline Wood |  | 40.3 hectares (100 acres) | St Leonards-on-Sea 50°52′44″N 0°31′34″E / 50.879°N 0.526°E TQ 778 119 | Hastings | SSSI,[32] SWT[33] | Map | Details | This site has ancient woodland and species-rich unimproved grassland. The wood has standards of pedunculate oak and coppice of hornbeam, hazel and sweet chestnut. A stream runs along a steep sided valley which has 61 species of mosses and liverworts, including uncommon species such as Fissidens rivularis, Tetrodontium brownianum and Metzgeria furcata.[34] |
| Old Lodge |  | 103.1 hectares (255 acres) | Uckfield 51°03′18″N 0°05′06″E / 51.055°N 0.085°E TQ 462 305 | Wealden | NCR,[35] SAC,[36] SPA,[37] SSSI,[38] SWT[39] | Map | Details | This highland site is mainly grassland and heather, with areas of gorse and scattered birch and oak trees. There are also small Scots pine plantations. Birds include common redstart and common crossbills and there are large nests of red wood ants.[39] |
| Old Roar Gill and Coronation Wood |  | 7.6 hectares (19 acres) | Hastings 50°52′30″N 0°33′47″E / 50.875°N 0.563°E TQ 804 115 | Hastings | Map | Details | This site has areas of open water, broadleaved woodland, fern and tall herbs. Old Roar Gill is a narrow steep-sided valley at the northern end of Alexandra Park. It has uncommon liverworts, mosses and lichens, together with rare and scarce invertebrates such as Rolph's door snail and the crane fly Lipsothrix nervosa.[40][41] | |
| Railway Land, Lewes |  | 10.9 hectares (27 acres) | Lewes 50°52′16″N 0°01′05″E / 50.871°N 0.018°E TQ 421 099 | Lewes | Map | Details | This former railway goods yard has diverse habitats including grassland, wet willow woodland, floodplain grazing meadows, reedbeds, a network of drainage ditches and a tidal winterbourne stream. Birds include woodpeckers, kestrels and kingfishers.[42] | |
| Rye Harbour |  | 325.4 hectares (804 acres) | Rye 50°55′55″N 0°44′35″E / 50.932°N 0.743°E TQ 928 183 | Rother | Ramsar,[43] SAC,[44] SPA,[27] SSSI,[45] SWT[46] | Map | Details | This large reserve has diverse coastal habitats, including saltmarsh, shingle, reedbeds, saline lagoons, grazing marsh and flooded gravel pits.[46] More than 280 species of birds have been recorded, of which 90 breed on the site. There are more than 450 flowering plant species, including twenty-seven which are scarce and two which are endangered, least lettuce and stinking hawksbeard.[47] |
| Seaford Head |  | 150.2 hectares (371 acres) | Seaford 50°45′47″N 0°08′17″E / 50.763°N 0.138°E TV 509 981 | Lewes | SSSI,[48] SWT[49] | Map | Details | The site has diverse habitats with chalk grassland, chalk cliffs, scrub, vegetated shingle, wet grassland, saltmarsh and rockpools. Grassland flora include kidney vetch, squinancywort, moon carrot and clustered bellflower. There are butterflies such as silver-spotted skipper, chalkhill blue and adonis blue.[50] |
| St Helen's Wood |  | 34.6 hectares (85 acres) | Hastings 50°52′41″N 0°34′37″E / 50.878°N 0.577°E TQ 814 119 | Hastings | Map | Details | The wood has many broad-leaved helleborines. There are also areas of grassland which are managed by horse grazing. Meadow flowers include red bartsia and green-winged orchids.[51] | |
| Stanmer Park/Coldean |  | 187.9 hectares (464 acres) | Brighton 50°52′05″N 0°06′14″W / 50.868°N 0.104°W TQ 335 093 | Brighton and Hove | Map | Details | This is an eighteenth century landscaped park. It has mature woodland with ancient beech trees and bluebells, coppiced woodland, chalk grassland and an arboretum.[52] | |
| Summerfields Wood | 2.jpg) | 6.3 hectares (16 acres) | Hastings 50°51′32″N 0°34′08″E / 50.859°N 0.569°E TQ 809 097 | Hastings | Map | Details | There are many paths through this semi-natural wood, which has a number of ponds. Birds include firecrest, whinchat, ring ouzel, wood warbler, spotted flycatcher and pied flycatcher.[53] | |
| Weir Wood Reservoir |  | 32.6 hectares (81 acres) | East Grinstead 51°05′31″N 0°01′41″W / 51.092°N 0.028°W TQ 382 344 | Wealden | SSSI[54] | Map | Details | This is one of the largest bodies of open water in the county and it has rich and diverse communities of breeding, wintering and passage birds. Breeding birds include great crested grebe, teal, mute swan, tufted duck, little grebe, reed warbler, sedge warbler, coot and moorhen.[55] |
| West Park, Uckfield | .jpg) | 10.5 hectares (26 acres) | Uckfield 50°58′23″N 0°04′52″E / 50.973°N 0.081°E TQ 462 214 | Wealden | Map | Details | This site has grassland, woodland and a marshy area which provides a habitat for several orchid species, including the southern marsh orchid. There is also a population of dormice.[56] | |
| Whitehawk Hill | _-_geograph.org.uk_-_52046.jpg) | 50.3 hectares (124 acres) | Brighton 50°49′41″N 0°06′36″W / 50.828°N 0.110°W TQ 332 049 | Brighton and Hove | SM[57] | Map | Details | This is species-rich chalk grassland which has views over Brighton and the sea, together with the Isle of Wight on clear days. There are colonies of chalkhill blue butterflies.[58] |
| Wild Park/Hollingbury |  | 239.8 hectares (593 acres) | Brighton 50°51′18″N 0°07′19″W / 50.855°N 0.122°W TQ 323 079 | Brighton and Hove | SM[59] | Map | Details | The park has views over Brighton. Species-rich chalk grassland is managed by sheep grazing. There is also extensive woodland with a network of footpaths, large areas of scrub, an Iron Age hillfort, a golf course and a dew pond.[60] |
| Withdean and Westdene Woods | .jpg) | 7.9 hectares (20 acres) | Brighton 50°51′14″N 0°09′36″W / 50.854°N 0.160°W TQ 296 077 | Brighton and Hove | SWT[61] | Map | Details | Many of the mature trees on this site were destroyed by the Great Storm of 1987, but it still has a range of mammals including foxes, badgers and common pipistrelle bats, while there are birds such as great spotted woodpecker and firecrests.[61] |
See also
Notes
References
Sources
- Ratcliffe, Derek, ed. (1977). A Nature Conservation Review. Vol. 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21403-2.
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