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List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees

These are lists of the world's most expensive cities for expatriate employees (not residents), according to the Mercer,[1] ECA International[2] and Xpatulator.com [3] cost-of-living surveys. Other surveys from online collaborative indices, such as Numbeo,[4] Expatistan,[5] or Eardex[6] are not covered by this article.

Various factors enter into a city's cost-of-living for expatriate employees, such as monetary value, consumer confidence, investment, interest rates, exchange rates of the country's currency, and housing costs. This list does not account for cost-of-living savings accrued to local citizens through government-subsidized housing, health care, education, differences in taxation, and many other factors irrelevant to expatriates. Cost of living may be much higher for expatriates than for local residents in a developing country, especially if expatriates expect a standard of living similar to a developed country.

Mercer

Hong Kong, China
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Tokyo, Japan
Singapore

Mercer's Cost of Living surveys are taken in March of each year. The survey covers 207 cities around the world and measures the comparative cost of over 200 items in each location, including housing, transport, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment. It is designed to help multinational companies and governments determine compensation allowances for their expatriate employees. New York is used as the base city and all other cities are compared against it. The cost of housing plays an important part in determining where cities are ranked.

Two main factors determine a city’s ranking in Mercer’s survey – the relative strength of the relevant currency against the US dollar over the prior 12 months and price movements over the prior 12 months compared to those in New York City as the base.

Top ten locations surveyed (2022)[7]
RankCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2Zürich  Switzerland
3Geneva
4Basel
5Bern
6Tel Aviv  Israel
7New York  United States
8Singapore  Singapore
9Tokyo  Japan
10Beijing  China
Top ten locations surveyed (2021)[8][9]
RankCityCountry
1Ashgabat  Turkmenistan
2Hong Kong  China
3Beirut  Lebanon
4Tokyo  Japan
5Zürich  Switzerland
6Shanghai  China
7Singapore  Singapore
8Geneva  Switzerland
9Beijing  China
10Bern  Switzerland
Top ten locations surveyed (2020)[10]
RankCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2Ashgabat  Turkmenistan
3Tokyo  Japan
4Zürich  Switzerland
5Singapore  Singapore
6New York  United States
7Shanghai  China
8Bern  Switzerland
9Geneva
10Beijing  China
Top ten locations surveyed (2019)[11]
RankCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2Tokyo  Japan
3Singapore  Singapore
4Seoul  South Korea
5Zürich  Switzerland
6Shanghai  China
7Ashgabat  Turkmenistan
8Beijing  China
9New York  United States
10Shenzhen  China
Top ten locations surveyed (2018)[12]
RankCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2Tokyo  Japan
3Zürich  Switzerland
4Singapore  Singapore
5Seoul  South Korea
6Luanda  Angola
7Shanghai  China
8N’Djamena  Chad
9Beijing  China
10Bern  Switzerland
Top ten locations surveyed (2017)[13]
RankCityCountry
1Luanda  Angola
2Hong Kong  China
3Tokyo  Japan
4Zürich  Switzerland
5Singapore  Singapore
6Seoul  South Korea
7Geneva  Switzerland
8Shanghai  China
9New York  United States
10Bern  Switzerland
Top ten locations surveyed (2016)[14][15]
RankCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2Luanda  Angola
3Zürich  Switzerland
4Singapore  Singapore
5Tokyo  Japan
6Kinshasa  Democratic Republic of the Congo
7Shanghai  China
8Geneva  Switzerland
9N’Djamena  Chad
10Beijing  China
Top ten locations surveyed (2015)[16][15]
RankCityCountry
1Luanda  Angola
2Hong Kong  China
3Zürich  Switzerland
4Singapore  Singapore
5Geneva  Switzerland
6Shanghai  China
7Beijing
8Seoul  South Korea
9Bern  Switzerland
10N’Djamena  Chad

ECA International

Zürich, Switzerland
Geneva, Switzerland
Basel, Switzerland
Bern, Switzerland

Every March and September, ECA International calculates the cost of living for expatriates in almost 400 cities around the world. The survey does not include certain living costs such as accommodation, utilities (electricity, gas, water costs), car purchase and school fees. These are usually compensated for separately in expatriate packages from cost of living allowances.

Top 20 cities surveyed (2022)[17]
RankingCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2New York  United States
3Geneva  Switzerland
4London  United Kingdom
5Tokyo  Japan
6Tel Aviv  Israel
7Zürich  Switzerland
8Shanghai  China
9Guangzhou
10Seoul  South Korea
Top 20 cities surveyed (2021)[18]
RankingCityCountry
1Hong Kong  China
2Tokyo  Japan
3Geneva  Switzerland
4New York  United States
5London  United Kingdom
6Zürich  Switzerland
7Tel Aviv  Israel
8Seoul  South Korea
9Shanghai  China
10Guangzhou
Top 20 cities surveyed (2020)[19]
RankingCityCountry
1Ashgabat  Turkmenistan
2Zürich  Switzerland
3Geneva
4Basel
5Bern
6Hong Kong  China
7Tokyo  Japan
8Tel Aviv  Israel
9Jerusalem
10Yokohama  Japan
Top 20 cities surveyed (2019)[20]
RankingCityCountry
1Ashgabat  Turkmenistan
2Zürich  Switzerland
3Geneva
4Hong Kong  China
5Basel  Switzerland
6Bern
7Tokyo  Japan
8Seoul  South Korea
9Tel Aviv  Israel
10Shanghai  China
Top 20 cities surveyed (2018)[21]
RankingCityCountry
1Ashgabat  Turkmenistan
2Geneva  Switzerland
3Zürich
4Basel
5Bern
6Hong Kong  China
7Seoul  South Korea
8Tokyo  Japan
9Oslo  Norway
10Stavanger
Top 20 cities surveyed (2017)[22]
RankingCityCountry
1Luanda  Angola
2Hong Kong  China
3Zürich  Switzerland
4Geneva
5Basel
6Bern
7Tokyo  Japan
8Seoul  South Korea
9Caracas  Venezuela
10Khartoum  Sudan
Top 20 cities surveyed (2016)[23]
RankingCityCountry
1Kinshasa  Democratic Republic of the Congo
2Zürich  Switzerland
3Geneva
4Basel
5Bern
6Freetown  Sierra Leone
7Tokyo  Japan
8Luanda  Angola
9Hong Kong  China
10Shanghai  China
Top 20 cities surveyed (2015)[2]
RankingCityCountry
1Juba  South Sudan
2Luanda  Angola
3Zürich  Switzerland
4Geneva
5Bern
6Basel
7Kinshasa  Democratic Republic of the Congo
8Shanghai  China
9Beijing
10Seoul  South Korea

See also

References

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