Rio Grande do Norte (English: Great River of the North)[1] is a state located in the Northeast Region of Brazil. According to the 2010 Census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Rio Grande do Norte has a population of 3,168,133 inhabitants over 52,797 square kilometres (20,385 sq mi), which makes it the 16th largest state by population and the 22nd largest by area, out of 26 states.[2][3][4][5] It is home to cities such as Natal, Mossoró, and São Gonçalo do Amarante.
The land that became Rio Grande do Norte was a donatário to João de Barros, the factor of the House of India and Mina, from John III of Portugal in 1535;[6] prior to that, the Portuguese Crown owned the land.[7] The French, who trafficked Brazil wood in the area, had a foothold on the land until the Portuguese expelled them in 1598.[6] The Dutch took the land in 1634 as a part of Dutch Brazil and reigned until 1654, when they were defeated by the Portuguese.[8] In 1701, Rio Grande do Norte joined the Captaincy of Pernambuco, and became a province in 1822 and a state of Brazil in 1889.[6]
Rio Grande do Norte is divided into 167 municipalities, which are grouped into four mesoregions and 23 microregions. Of the 167 municipalities, Natal has the highest population, with 803,811 inhabitants, while Viçosa, with 1,618 inhabitants, has the lowest. The largest municipality by area is Mossoró, with an area of 2,110 square kilometres (815 sq mi); the smallest is Senador Georgino Avelino, named after the former Senator and Rio Grande do Norte Governor José Georgino Avelino,[9] which covers an area of 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi).
Municipalities
Pico do Cabugi, an extinct volcano in Angicos
The Piranhas River in Macau
Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte
Parelhas celebrating the 150th anniversary of its founding
