List of political parties in the United States

Major parties

Party			Ideology	Year founded	Membership (2022) [1]	Presidential vote[2]		Senators [3]	Representatives[4]		Governors [5]	State legislators[5]	Legislatures [5]	Trifectas [5]
						Electoral	Popular		Voting	Nonvoting
		Democratic Party	Social liberalism (American)	1828	47,194,492	306 / 538	81,284,778 (51.27%)	51 / 100 [A]	212 / 435	3 / 6	28 / 55	3,271 / 7,383	19 / 49	17 / 49
		Republican Party	Conservatism (American)	1854	35,723,389	232 / 538	74,224,501 (46.82%)	49 / 100	222 / 435	3 / 6	26 / 55	4,031 / 7,383	28 / 49	22 / 49

Third parties

Represented in state legislatures

The following third parties have members in state legislatures affiliated with them.

Party			Ballot access (2022)	Ideology	Year founded	Membership	Presidential vote (2020)	State legislators
		Libertarian Party	See also the list of affiliates AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL, HI, ID, IN, KS, LA, MD, MI, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NC, NH, OH, OK, OR, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, WV, WY + D.C.[6][7]	Libertarianism (American)[8]	1971[9]	727,776 (2022)[1]	1,865,917 (1.18%)	1 / 7,383[10]
		Forward Party	CO, FL, SC, UT, VA[11]	Human-Centered Capitalism Populism Reformism Radical centrism	2022	64 (UT)[12]	No candidate	2 / 7,383[13]
		Vermont Progressive Party	Vermont	Progressivism (American)[14] Democratic socialism[14]	1993	Unknown	No candidate	6 / 7,383[15]
		Independent Party of Oregon	Oregon	Centrism[16]	2007	137,972 (2022)[1]	No candidate	1 / 7,383[17]

Represented in the legislature of the unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico

The following third parties are represented in the Puerto Rican Legislature.

Party			Ideology	Year founded	President	Gubernatorial vote[18]	Senators[19]	Representatives[19]	Mayors[20]
		New Progressive Party Partido Nuevo Progresista	Puerto Rico statehood	1967[21]	Pedro Pierluisi	427,016 (33.24%)	10 / 27	21 / 51	36 / 78
		Popular Democratic Party Partido Popular Democrático	Pro-Commonwealth Centrism	1938[22]	Jesus Manuel Ortiz	407,817 (31.75%)	12 / 27	26 / 51	41 / 78
		Citizens' Victory Movement Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana	Anti-imperialism Anti-neoliberalism Progressivism	2019	Ana Irma Rivera Lassén	179,265 (13.95%)	2 / 27	2 / 51	0 / 78
		Puerto Rican Independence Party Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño	Puerto Rico independence Social democracy	1946[21]	Rubén Berríos	175,402 (13.58%)	1 / 27	1 / 51	0 / 78
		Project Dignity Proyecto Dignidad	Christian democracy Anti-corruption	2019	César Váquez Muñiz	87,379 (6.80%)	1 / 27	1 / 51	1 / 78

Parties with ballot access for Congress, state legislatures, or territorial legislatures

The following third parties have ballot access in at least one state and are not represented in a national office, state legislature, or territorial legislature.^[23]

Multi-state or territory

Party			Ballot access[23][24][25]	Ideology	Year founded	Membership	Presidential vote (2020)[2]
		Green Party	See also list of affiliates CA, CO, DE, FL, HI, LA, ME, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, OR, PA, SC, TX, WV + DC	Environmentalism Eco-socialism[26][27] Libertarian socialism	2001[28]	239,474 (2023)[29]	404,090 (0.255%)
		Constitution Party	CO, FL, HI, ID, MI, MO, NV, OR, SC, UT, WI, WY	Paleoconservatism[30]	1992[31]	129,070 (2022)[1]	60,066 (0.038%)
		No Labels	AK, AZ, CO, FL, KS, NC, OR	Centrism	2010
		Working Families Party	CT, NM, NY, OR, SC	Social democracy[32]	1998[33]	55,702 (2022)[1]	386,010 (0.243%)[B]
		Alliance Party	CT, MN, SC	Centrism[34]	2019[35]	Unknown	88,238 (0.056%)
		Reform Party	FL, MS	Radical centrism[36]	1995	4,500 (2022)[1]	5,966 (0.004%)[B]
		Working Class Party	MD, MI	Socialism[37] Progressivism[37]	2016	Unknown
		Party for Socialism and Liberation	Hawaii, Florida[a]	Marxism–Leninism[38]	2004[31]	606 (FL)	85,488 (0.054%)
		American Independent Party	California	Paleoconservatism[39]	1967	600,220 (CA)	60,160 (0.038%)[B]
		Peace and Freedom Party	California	Socialism[40]	1967	94,016	51,037 (0.032%)[B]
		American Solidarity Party	AR, HI	Christian democracy[41]	2011[41]	Unknown	40,365 (0.03%)
		Legal Marijuana Now Party	MN, NE	Marijuana legalization[42]	1998	Unknown	10,033 (0.006%)[B]
		Unity Party	Colorado[b], Florida[c]	Centrism[43]	2004	1,657 (CO)	6,647 (0.004%)
		Natural Law Party	Michigan	Transcendental Meditation[44]	1992	6,657 (NJ)	2,986 (0.002%)[B]
		Approval Voting Party	Colorado	Electoral reform[45]	2016	1,149 (CO)	409 (0.0003%)
		Justice Party	Mississippi	Progressivism[46]	2011	Unknown
		People's Party (2017)	Florida[d]	Progressivism[47]	2017	Unknown

Single state or territory

Party			Ballot access[23]	Ideology	Year founded	Membership (2021)[48]	Presidential vote (2020)[2]
		Colorado Center Party	Colorado[49]	Centrism	2022[49]	N/A	N/A
		Conservative Party of New York State	New York	Conservatism[50]	1962	147,606	295,657 (0.186%)[B]
		United Kansas	Kansas	Centrism	2024
		Libertarian Association of Massachusetts[51][7]	Massachusetts	Libertarianism[8]	1972	19,097	47,013 (0.030%)
		Libertarian Party of New Mexico[7]	New Mexico[7]	Libertarianism[8]	1972[52]	12,798	12,585 (0.008%)
		Oregon Progressive Party	Oregon	Progressivism[53]	2007	2,292	5,404 (0.003%)
		Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party	Vermont	Democratic socialism[54]	1970	Unknown	166 (0.0001%)[B]
		Alaskan Independence Party	Alaska	Alaskan nationalism[55]	1978[56]	17,213
		Independent Party of Delaware	Delaware		2000	9,844[57]
		United Utah Party	Utah	Centrism[58]	2017	1,690
		Ecology Party of Florida	Florida		2008[59]	125[59]
		Independent Party of Florida	Florida		1993	Unknown
		Aloha ʻĀina Party	Hawaii	Hawaiian sovereignty[60]	2015	Unknown
		Grassroots—Legalize Cannabis Party	Minnesota	Marijuana legalization[61]	2014	Unknown
		Labor Party	South Carolina	Social democracy	1996	Unknown
		United Citizens Party	South Carolina		1969	Unknown
		Independent Citizens Movement	U.S. Virgin Islands		1968	Unknown
		Sovereign Union Movement Movimiento Unión Soberanista	Puerto Rico		2010	Unknown

Active parties without ballot access

The following parties have been active in the past 4 years, but as of December 2021, did not have official ballot access in any state.^[23]

Multi-state or territory

Party			Ideology	Year founded	Membership[48]	Presidential vote (2020)[2]	Year lost access	Seeking access
		Socialist Workers Party	Communism Castroism	1938	298 (DE/KY)	6,791 (0.004%)
		Prohibition Party	Temperance Christian democracy Social conservatism	1869	36[62]	4,856 (0.003%)
		Socialist Equality Party	Trotskyism Communism Revolutionary socialism	1966	Unknown	351 (0.0002%)
		Socialist Party USA	Socialism Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism Socialist feminism	1973[31]	8,215 (ME/MA/NJ)	[C]
		Communist Party USA	Communism Marxism–Leninism Bill of Rights socialism	1919
		Progressive Labor Party	Anti-revisionism Stalinism	1962	Unknown
		Socialist Alternative	Marxism Revolutionary socialism Trotskyism	1986	Unknown	[C]
		United States Pirate Party	Pirate politics Civil libertarianism Direct democracy	2006	3,000
		Workers World Party	Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-Imperialism	1959	Unknown
		Freedom Socialist Party	Trotskyism Revolutionary socialism Socialist feminism	1966	Unknown
		American Freedom Party	American nationalism Paleoconservatism Right-wing populism White nationalism Anti-immigration	2009[63]	Unknown
		Socialist Action	Trotskyism[64]	1983	Unknown
		Transhumanist Party	Libertarian transhumanism Extropianism Technogaianism	2014	Unknown

Single state or territory

Party			State	Ideology	Year founded	Membership (2022)[1]	Presidential vote (2020)[2]	Year lost access	Seeking access
		Common Sense Party of California	California	Centrism	2019	24,454		Never had
		Green Party of Alaska	Alaska	Green politics[65]	1990	1,509	3,284 (0.002%)		As of May 2022[66]
		California National Party	California	Californian nationalism[67]Social-Democracy	2015	413[68]
		California Freedom Coalition	California	Californian secessionism	2017		Unknown
		Independence Party of New York	New York	Centrism[69]	1991	363,437	22,656 (0.0143%)[70][71]
		Liberal Party of New York	New York	Liberalism[72]	1944	Unknown		2002
		Moderate Party of Rhode Island	Rhode Island	Centrism[73]	2007	Unknown		2018
		Green Party of Rhode Island	Rhode Island	Green politics[74]	1992	Unknown
		Independent Greens of Virginia	Virginia	Green conservatism[75]	2005	Unknown
		Washington Progressive Party	Washington	Progressivism[76]	2002	Unknown
		Progressive Dane	Wisconsin	Progressivism[77]	1992	Unknown
		Keystone Party of Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania	Syncretic politics[78]	2022	Unknown		Never had	Based on voter registration
		Moderate Party	New Jersey	Centrism[79]	2022	Unknown		Never had	As of June 2022

Held national office or elected to Congress

Multi-State political parties

Single state political parties

Political parties in the unincorporated territories

Active

These organizations generally do not nominate candidates for election, but some of them have in the past; they otherwise function similarly to political parties.

Historical

These historical organizations did not officially nominate candidates for election but may have endorsed or supported campaigns; they otherwise functioned similarly to political parties.

Notes

Footnotes

• Nash, Howard P. Jr.; Schnapper, M. B. (1959). Third Parties in American Politics.
• Ness, Immanuel; Ciment, James (2000). The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference. ISBN 0-7656-8020-3.

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