The vice president of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the Indonesian government, after the president, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. Since 2004, the president and vice president are directly elected to a five-year term.
- Top left: Mohammad Hatta was the first and longest-serving vice president of Indonesia.
- Top right: Megawati Sukarnoputri is the first female vice president as well as the first and remains the only to be born after 1945.
- Bottom left: Jusuf Kalla is the first and remains the only to serve two terms as vice president.
- Bottom right: Ma'ruf Amin is the incumbent vice president of Indonesia since 2019.
The vice presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 Constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a research body for the preparation of Indonesian independence. On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selected Sukarno as the country's first president and Mohammad Hatta as vice president.[1]
Vice presidents
Independent (1 president, 5 vice presidents) Golkar (2 presidents, 6 vice presidents) National Awakening Party (1 president) Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (2 presidents, 1 vice president) United Development Party (1 vice president) Democratic Party (1 president) Gerindra Party (1 president) |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | President(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 |  | Mohammad Hatta (1902–1980) | 18 August 1945[2] | 1 December 1956[A] | 11 years, 105 days | Independent | Sukarno | |
| Vacant[B] (1 December 1956 – 23 March 1973) | ||||||||
| 2 | .jpg) | Hamengkubuwono IX (1912–1988) | 23 March 1973[3] | 23 March 1978[C] | 5 years | Independent | Suharto | |
| 3 | .jpg) | Adam Malik (1917–1984) | 23 March 1978 | 11 March 1983[4] | 4 years, 353 days | Golkar | ||
| 4 |  | Umar Wirahadikusumah (1924–2003) | 11 March 1983 | 11 March 1988[4] | 5 years | Golkar | ||
| 5 |  | Sudharmono (1927–2006) | 11 March 1988 | 11 March 1993[5] | 5 years | Golkar | ||
| 6 |  | Try Sutrisno (born 1935) | 11 March 1993 | 11 March 1998 | 5 years | Golkar | ||
| 7 |  | B. J. Habibie (1936–2019) | 11 March 1998 | 21 May 1998[D] | 71 days | Golkar | ||
| Vacant (21 May 1998 – 21 October 1999) | ||||||||
| 8 |  | Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 1947) | 21 October 1999 | 23 July 2001[E] | 1 year, 275 days | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | Abdurrahman Wahid | |
| Vacant[E] (23–26 July 2001) | ||||||||
| 9 |  | Hamzah Haz (born 1940) | 26 July 2001 | 20 October 2004 | 3 years, 86 days | United Development Party | Megawati Sukarnoputri | |
| 10 |  | Jusuf Kalla (born 1942) | 20 October 2004 | 20 October 2009 | 5 years | Golkar | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | |
| 11 |  | Boediono (born 1943) | 20 October 2009 | 20 October 2014 | 5 years | Independent | ||
| 12 (10) |  | Jusuf Kalla (born 1942) | 20 October 2014 | 20 October 2019 | 5 years | Golkar | Joko Widodo | |
| 13 |  | Ma'ruf Amin (born 1943) | 20 October 2019 | Incumbent (term expires 20 October 2024) | 4 years, 192 days | Independent | ||
| 14 |  | Gibran Rakabuming (born 1987) | Taking office 20 October 2024 | −174 days | Independent | Prabowo Subianto | ||
By age
| # | Vice president | Born | Age at start of vice presidency | Age at end of vice presidency | Post-VP timespan | Lifespan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died | Age | ||||||
| 1 | Mohammad Hatta | 12 August 1902 | 43 years, 6 days 18 August 1945 | 54 years, 111 days 1 December 1956[a] | 23 years, 165 days | 14 May 1980 | 77 years, 276 days |
| 2 | Hamengkubuwono IX | 12 April 1912 | 60 years, 345 days 23 March 1973 | 65 years, 345 days 23 March 1978 | 10 years, 193 days | 2 October 1988 | 76 years, 173 days |
| 3 | Adam Malik | 22 July 1917 | 60 years, 244 days 23 March 1978 | 65 years, 232 days 11 March 1983 | 1 year, 178 days | 5 September 1984 | 67 years, 45 days |
| 4 | Umar Wirahadikusumah | 10 October 1924 | 58 years, 152 days 11 March 1983 | 63 years, 153 days 11 March 1988 | 15 years, 10 days | 21 March 2003 | 78 years, 162 days |
| 5 | Sudharmono | 12 March 1927 | 60 years, 365 days 11 March 1988 | 65 years, 364 days 11 March 1993 | 12 years, 320 days | 25 January 2006 | 78 years, 319 days |
| 6 | Try Sutrisno | 15 November 1935 | 57 years, 116 days 11 March 1993 | 62 years, 116 days 11 March 1998 | 26 years, 49 days | (living) | 88 years, 166 days |
| 7 | B. J. Habibie | 25 June 1936 | 61 years, 259 days 11 March 1998 | 61 years, 330 days 21 May 1998[b] | 21 years, 113 days | 11 September 2019 | 83 years, 78 days |
| 8 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 23 January 1947 | 52 years, 271 days 21 October 1999 | 54 years, 181 days 23 July 2001[b] | 22 years, 281 days | (living) | 77 years, 97 days |
| 9 | Hamzah Haz | 15 February 1940 | 61 years, 161 days 26 July 2001[c] | 64 years, 248 days 20 October 2004 | 19 years, 192 days | (living) | 84 years, 74 days |
| 10 | Jusuf Kalla | 15 May 1942 | 62 years, 158 days 20 October 2004 | 67 years, 158 days 20 October 2009 | 5 years, 0 days[d] | (living) | 81 years, 350 days |
| 11 | Boediono | 25 February 1943 | 66 years, 237 days 20 October 2009 | 71 years, 237 days 20 October 2014 | 9 years, 192 days | (living) | 81 years, 64 days |
| 12 | Jusuf Kalla | 15 May 1942 | 72 years, 158 days 20 October 2014 | 77 years, 158 days 20 October 2019 | 4 years, 192 days[e] | (living) | 81 years, 350 days |
| 13 | Ma'ruf Amin | 11 March 1943 | 76 years, 223 days 20 October 2019 | (incumbent) | (incumbent) | (living) | 81 years, 49 days |
| 14 | Gibran Rakabuming | 1 October 1987 | 37 years, 19 days 20 October 2024 | (living) | 36 years, 211 days | ||
| # | Vice president | Born | Age at start of vice presidency | Age at end of vice presidency | Post-VP timespan | Lifespan | |
| Died | Age | ||||||
Notes
By time in office
| Rank | Vice president | Length in days | Order of vice presidency | Number of terms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mohammad Hatta | 4,123[a] | 1st • 18 August 1945 – 1 December 1956[b] | N/A: Appointed by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, never faced reelection. |
| 2 | Jusuf Kalla | 3,652[c] | 10th • 20 October 2004 – 20 October 2009 | Two full terms (non-consecutive) |
| 12th • 20 October 2014 – 20 October 2019 | ||||
| 3 | Umar Wirahadikusumah | 1,827[d] | 4th • 11 March 1983 – 11 March 1988 | One full term |
| 4 tie | Hamengkubuwono IX | 1,826 | 2nd • 23 March 1973 – 23 March 1978 | One full term |
| Sudharmono | 1,826 | 5th • 11 March 1988 – 11 March 1993 | One full term | |
| Try Sutrisno | 1,826 | 6th • 11 March 1993 – 11 March 1998 | One full term | |
| Boediono | 1,826 | 11th • 20 October 2009 – 20 October 2014 | One full term | |
| 8 | Adam Malik | 1,814[e] | 3rd • 23 March 1978 – 11 March 1983 | One full term |
| 9 | Ma'ruf Amin | 1,653[f] | 13th • 20 October 2019 – Incumbent | Serving first term |
| 10 | Hamzah Haz | 1,182[g] | 9th • 26 July 2001 – 20 October 2004 | One partial term (3 years, 2 months, and 24 days) |
| 11 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 641 | 8th • 21 October 1999 – 23 July 2001[h] | One partial term (1 year, 9 months, and 2 days) |
| 12 | B. J. Habibie | 71 | 7th • 11 March 1998 – 21 May 1998[h] | One partial term (2 months and 10 days) |
Notes
Footnotes
- A Hatta announced his resignation from office on 26 July 1956, effective on 1 December 1956 and legitimized retroactively on 5 February 1957.[6]
- B President Sukarno did not name Hatta's successor as vice president. In December 1965, there were calls for a vice president to be named to assist Sukarno with the fallout of the 30 September Movement and General Suharto's attempts to take over the government.[7] It was not until the New Order regime of President Suharto that the vice president post became filled again.
- C Vice President Hamengkubuwono IX rejected his nomination for Vice President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) in March 1978, due to poor health.[8]
- D Following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, there were calls for Suharto's resignation as president. On 21 May 1998, Suharto resigned from office. Habibie became his successor as the President of Indonesia.[9]
- E After Abdurrahman Wahid was impeached by the MPR, Vice President Megawati replaced him as President of Indonesia.[10]
See also
References
- Specific
- General
- Abdulgani-Knapp, Retnowati (2007), Soeharto: The Life and Legacy of Indonesia's Second President, Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, ISBN 978-981-261-340-0, OCLC 155758606.
- Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004), Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-4935-6, OCLC 53793487.
- Hughes, John (2002), The End of Sukarno: A Coup That Misfired: A Purge That Ran Wild (3rd ed.), Singapore: Archipelago Press, ISBN 981-4068-65-9, OCLC 52567484.
- McIntyre, Angus (2005), The Indonesian Presidency: The Shift from Personal Toward Constitutional Rule (3rd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 0-7425-3827-3, OCLC 59137499.
- Suryadinata, Leo (2005), "Indonesia: The Year of a Democratic Election", Southeast Asian Affairs, 2005, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: 133–149, doi:10.1355/SEAA-05H, ISSN 0377-5437.
- Vickers, Adrian (2005), A History of Modern Indonesia: An Enduring Rivalry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-83493-7, OCLC 60794234.
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