My Country, 'Tis of Thee

Samuel Francis Smith wrote the lyrics to "America" in 1831^[4] while a student at the Andover Theological Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts. The use of the same melody as the British royal anthem is a contrafactum which reworks this symbol of British monarchy to make a statement about American democracy.^[5]

Composer Lowell Mason had requested that Smith translate or provide new lyrics for a collection of German songs, among them one written to this melody. Smith gave Mason the lyrics he had written, and the song was first performed in public on July 4, 1831,^[4] at a children's Independence Day celebration at Park Street Church in Boston. The first publication of "America" was in 1832.^[4]

An abolitionist version was written, by A. G. Duncan, 1843, with lyrics mentioning white and black races.^[6] For Washington's Centennial celebration, another verse was added to the original version.^[7]

Marian Anderson performed the song at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939. Anderson, an African American singer, had been forbidden to perform at the DAR Constitution Hall due to its racist whites-only policy. After a national outcry, and with support from Eleanor Roosevelt, the concert was held on the steps of the memorial, and attracted a crowd of more than 75,000 in addition to a national radio audience of millions.^[8]

Martin Luther King Jr. recited the first verse of the song toward the end of his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963.^[9]

Crosby, Stills & Nash performed the song on the first episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno that aired after the September 11 attacks in 2001.^[10]

On January 20, 2009, Aretha Franklin sang the song at the first inauguration of Barack Obama.^[11] Kelly Clarkson sang it at his second inauguration.^[12]

Other texts set to the same music:

• "E Ola Ke Aliʻi Ke Akua"
• "Heil dir im Siegerkranz"
• "Kongesangen"
• "Oben am jungen Rhein"
• "The Prayer of Russians"
• "Rufst du, mein Vaterland"

Organ variations by Charles Ives:

• Variations on "America"

• Collins, Ace (2003). Songs Sung, Red, White, and Blue: The Stories Behind America's Best-Loved Patriotic Songs. HarperResource. ISBN 0060513047.
• Music, David M.; Richardson, Paul A. (2008). I Will Sing the Wondrous Story: A History of Baptist Hymnody in North America. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0865549487.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

My Country 'Tis of Thee

• Page about the song at the Library of Congress, with scans, etc.
• Public Domain version of the sheet music in multiple formats for viewing, printing, editing, etc. – (from the Choral Public Domain Library)
• Review of a book about the song from the Journal of American History
• CyberHymnal – contains history, lyrics, and infinitely-looping MIDI music.
• "America. The American national hymn" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.