Portal:Chemistry

Introduction

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances. Chemistry also addresses the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds.

In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology. It is sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both basic and applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level. For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant growth (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the properties of the soil on the Moon (cosmochemistry), how medications work (pharmacology), and how to collect DNA evidence at a crime scene (forensics).

Chemistry has existed under various names since ancient times. It has evolved, and now chemistry encompasses various areas of specialisation, or subdisciplines, that continue to increase in number and interrelate to create further interdisciplinary fields of study. The applications of various fields of chemistry are used frequently for economic purposes in the chemical industry. (Full article...)

Selected article

A ribbon diagram of Dihydrofolate reductase
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions that are catalysed by enzymes. The study of an enzyme's kinetics provides insights into the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, its role in metabolism, how its activity is controlled in the cell and how drugs and poisons can inhibit its activity.

Enzymes are molecules that manipulate other molecules — the enzymes' substrates. These target molecules bind to an enzyme's active site and are transformed into products through a series of steps known as the enzymatic mechanism. Some enzymes bind multiple substrates and/or release multiple products, such as a protease cleaving one protein substrate into two polypeptide products. Others join substrates together, such as DNA polymerase linking a nucleotide to DNA. Although these mechanisms are often a complex series of steps, there is typically one rate-determining step that determines the overall kinetics. This rate-determining step may be a chemical reaction or a conformational change of the enzyme or substrates, such as those involved in the release of product(s) from the enzyme.

Subcategories

History and Philosophy of Chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier

Many chemists have an interest in the history of chemistry. Those with philosophical interests will be interested that the philosophy of chemistry has quite recently developed along a path somewhat different from the general philosophy of science.

Other articles that might interest you are:

There is a Wikipedia Project on the History of Science.

Chemistry Resources

Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related works. This includes free online chemical databases, publications, patents, computer programs, and various tools.

unit-conversion.infoA good place to figure out what equals what.

General Chemistry OnlineClear text and comprehensive coverage of general chemistry topics by Fred Senese, Dept. of Chemistry Frostburg State University

General Chemistry Demonstration at PurdueVideo clips (and descriptions) of lecture demonstrations.

Chemistry Webercises DirectoryA large listing of chemistry resources maintained by Steven Murov, Emeritus Chemistry Professor Modesto Junior College.

MathMolMathMol (Mathematics and Molecules) is a good starting point for those interested in the field of molecular modeling.

ABC-ChemistryA directory of free full-text journals in chemistry, biochemistry and related subjects.

The Element SongA goofy little song about all of the elements.

Selected image

Selected biography

Justus von Liebig
Freiherr Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. The vapor condensation device he popularized for his research is still known as a Liebig condenser, although it was in common use long before Liebig's research began. He is known as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient, and his formulation of the Law of the Minimum which described the effect of individual nutrients on crops. He also invented a process for silvering that greatly improved the utility of mirrors.

Techniques used by chemists

Equipment used by chemists

Chemistry in society

Chemistry in industry

WikiProjects

Topics

Periodic Table

Group12 3456789101112131415161718
Hydrogen &
alkali metals
Alkaline earth metalsTrielsTetrelsPnicto­gensChal­co­gensHalo­gensNoble
gases
Period

1

Hydro­gen1H1.0080He­lium2He4.0026
2Lith­ium3Li6.94Beryl­lium4Be9.0122Boron5B10.81Carbon6C12.011Nitro­gen7N14.007Oxy­gen8O15.999Fluor­ine9F18.998Neon10Ne20.180
3So­dium11Na22.990Magne­sium12Mg24.305Alumin­ium13Al26.982Sili­con14Si28.085Phos­phorus15P30.974Sulfur16S32.06Chlor­ine17Cl35.45Argon18Ar39.95
4Potas­sium19K39.098Cal­cium20Ca40.078Scan­dium21Sc44.956Tita­nium22Ti47.867Vana­dium23V50.942Chrom­ium24Cr51.996Manga­nese25Mn54.938Iron26Fe55.845Cobalt27Co58.933Nickel28Ni58.693Copper29Cu63.546Zinc30Zn65.38Gallium31Ga69.723Germa­nium32Ge72.630Arsenic33As74.922Sele­nium34Se78.971Bromine35Br79.904Kryp­ton36Kr83.798
5Rubid­ium37Rb85.468Stront­ium38Sr87.62Yttrium39Y88.906Zirco­nium40Zr91.224Nio­bium41Nb92.906Molyb­denum42Mo95.95Tech­netium43Tc​[97]Ruthe­nium44Ru101.07Rho­dium45Rh102.91Pallad­ium46Pd106.42Silver47Ag107.87Cad­mium48Cd112.41Indium49In114.82Tin50Sn118.71Anti­mony51Sb121.76Tellur­ium52Te127.60Iodine53I126.90Xenon54Xe131.29
6Cae­sium55Cs132.91Ba­rium56Ba137.331 asteriskLute­tium71Lu174.97Haf­nium72Hf178.49Tanta­lum73Ta180.95Tung­sten74W183.84Rhe­nium75Re186.21Os­mium76Os190.23Iridium77Ir192.22Plat­inum78Pt195.08Gold79Au196.97Mer­cury80Hg200.59Thallium81Tl204.38Lead82Pb207.2Bis­muth83Bi208.98Polo­nium84Po​[209]Asta­tine85At​[210]Radon86Rn​[222]
7Fran­cium87Fr​[223]Ra­dium88Ra​[226]1 asteriskLawren­cium103Lr​[266]Ruther­fordium104Rf​[267]Dub­nium105Db​[268]Sea­borgium106Sg​[269]Bohr­ium107Bh​[270]Has­sium108Hs​[269]Meit­nerium109Mt​[278]Darm­stadtium110Ds​[281]Roent­genium111Rg​[282]Coper­nicium112Cn​[285]Nihon­ium113Nh​[286]Flerov­ium114Fl​[289]Moscov­ium115Mc​[290]Liver­morium116Lv​[293]Tenness­ine117Ts​[294]Oga­nesson118Og​[294]
1 asteriskLan­thanum57La138.91Cerium58Ce140.12Praseo­dymium59Pr140.91Neo­dymium60Nd144.24Prome­thium61Pm​[145]Sama­rium62Sm150.36Europ­ium63Eu151.96Gadolin­ium64Gd157.25Ter­bium65Tb158.93Dyspro­sium66Dy162.50Hol­mium67Ho164.93Erbium68Er167.26Thulium69Tm168.93Ytter­bium70Yb173.05 
1 asteriskActin­ium89Ac​[227]Thor­ium90Th232.04Protac­tinium91Pa231.04Ura­nium92U238.03Neptu­nium93Np​[237]Pluto­nium94Pu​[244]Ameri­cium95Am​[243]Curium96Cm​[247]Berkel­ium97Bk​[247]Califor­nium98Cf​[251]Einstei­nium99Es​[252]Fer­mium100Fm​[257]Mende­levium101Md​[258]Nobel­ium102No​[259]

Related portals

Associated Wikimedia

The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:

Sources

Discover Wikipedia using portals