Private Secretary to the Sovereign

Colonel Herbert Taylor, who was appointed in 1805, is acknowledged as the first Private Secretary to the Sovereign. However, the office was not formally established until 1867. Constitutionally there was some opposition on the part of ministers to the creation of an office which might grow to have considerable influence upon the sovereign. However, it was soon realised that the sovereign was in need of secretarial support, since his or her ministers had ceased to provide daily advice and support with the growth of ministerial government. Queen Victoria did not have a Private Secretary until she appointed General Charles Grey to the office in 1861; her husband Prince Albert had effectively been her secretary until his death.

The principal functions of the office are:

• to act as a channel of communication between the sovereign and his or her governments, and to advise the sovereign on constitutional, political or governmental questions;
• to organise the official programme of the sovereign, and to ensure its acceptability to both the sovereign and the government; these duties including drafting speeches, maintaining connection with other households, the Royal Train, The King's Helicopter, No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron RAF, and the armed forces — the latter through the Defence Services Secretary; and
• to deal with the sovereign's official correspondence (including congratulatory messages), from members of the public, the Press Office, and the Court Circular; and also to deal with the sovereign's private papers, the Royal Archives, and the monarchy's official website.

The position of Private Secretary is regarded as equivalent to that of the permanent secretary of a government department. The incumbent is always made a Privy Counsellor on appointment, and has customarily received a peerage upon retirement (a life peerage since 1972, although a small number have been given hereditary titles). Until 1965, peerages granted to Private Secretaries were hereditary baronies, with the exception of Lord Knollys, who was created a viscount in 1911. All Private Secretaries since the time of Lord Stamfordham have been created peers, with the exceptions of Sir Alexander Hardinge (inherited his father's barony in 1944), Sir Alan Lascelles (declined as he felt titles to be a show of self-importance) and Sir William Heseltine (who is an Australian).

Private Secretaries to the Sovereign are always appointed Knights Bachelor, or knights of one of the orders of chivalry, typically the Order of The Bath or the Royal Victorian Order. The same is true for Principal Private Secretaries to other members of the Royal Household, such as the Prince of Wales.

The Private Secretary is head of only one of the several operational divisions of the Royal Household. However, he or she is involved in co-ordination between various parts of the Household, and has direct control over the Press Office, the Royal Archives, and the office of the Defence Services Secretary.

There are 57 people employed in the office of the monarch's private secretary.^[1]

Liaison with the government

The Private Secretary is responsible for liaising with the Cabinet Secretary, the Privy Council Office (PCO), and the Ministry of Justice's Crown Office in relation to:

• appointments that are formally made by the sovereign;
• the scheduling of the meetings of the Privy Council; and
• the transmission of official documents that need to be signed by the sovereign.

Security

Reporting to the Private Secretary is the role of Director for Security Liaison which was established following a recommendation of the Security Commission in 2004.^[2] The post was first held by Brigadier Jeffrey Cook, OBE MC, who was in office 2004-2008. The Private Secretary has general oversight of security policy, though the Master of the Household is also involved, and the Keeper of the Privy Purse has responsibility for the ceremonial bodyguards, such as the Gentlemen at Arms and the Yeomen of the Guard.

Private Secretary		Term of office		Peerage	Monarch (Reign)
	Colonel Herbert Taylor	1805	1811		George III (1760–1820)
	Colonel Sir John McMahon Bt	1811	1817
	Lieutenant-General Sir Benjamin Bloomfield GCB, GCH	1817	1820	Baron Bloomfield
		1820	1822		George IV (1820–1830)
	Sir William Knighton Bt, GCH	1822	1830
	Lieutenant-General Sir Herbert Taylor GCB, GCH	1830	1837		William IV (1830–1837)
	The Viscount Melbourne PC (informally, while Prime Minister)	1837	1840		Victoria (1837–1901)
	Prince Albert KG, KT, KP, GCB, KSI, GCMG (informally)	1840	1861
	Colonel Sir Charles Phipps KCB	1861	1866
	General Charles Grey	1861	1870
	Major-General Sir Henry Ponsonby GCB	1870	1895
	Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Arthur Bigge GCVO, KCB	1895	1901	Baron Stamfordham
	The Lord Knollys GCB, GCVO, KCMG, ISO, PC	1901	1910	Viscount Knollys	Edward VII (1901–1910)
		1910	1913		George V (1910–1936)
	Lieutenant-Colonel The Lord Stamfordham GCB, GCIE, GCVO, KCSI, KCMG, ISO, PC		1931
	Colonel The Lord Wigram GCB, GCVO, CSI, PC	1931	1936
	Major Sir Alec Hardinge GCB, GCVO, MC	1936	1936	Baron Hardinge of Penshurst	Edward VIII (1936)
		1936	1943		George VI (1936–1952)
	Captain Sir Alan Lascelles GCB, GCVO, CMG, MC	1943	6 February 1952
		6 February 1952	1953		Elizabeth II (1952–2022)
	Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Michael Adeane GCB, GCVO	1 January 1954	1 April 1972	Baron Adeane
	Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Martin Charteris GCB, GCVO, OBE	1 April 1972	12 November 1977	Baron Charteris of Amisfield
	Sir Philip Moore GCB, GCVO, CMG	12 November 1977	1 April 1986	Baron Moore of Wolvercote
	Sir William Heseltine GCB, GCVO, AC, QSO	1 April 1986	19 October 1990
	Sir Robert Fellowes GCB, GCVO, QSO	19 October 1990	4 February 1999	Baron Fellowes
	Lieutenant Sir Robin Janvrin GCB, GCVO	4 February 1999	8 September 2007	Baron Janvrin
	Sir Christopher Geidt GCB, GCVO, OBE	8 September 2007	17 October 2017	Baron Geidt
	Sir Edward Young GCB, GCVO	17 October 2017	8 September 2022	Baron Young of Old Windsor
		8 September 2022	15 May 2023		Charles III (2022–present)
	Sir Clive Alderton KCVO		Present

Deputy Private Secretaries to the Sovereign since 1972

Assistant Private Secretaries to the Sovereign since 1878

• Canadian Secretary to the King
• Private secretary