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United States District Court for the Northern District of California

The United States District Court for the Northern District of California (in case citations, N.D. Cal.) is the federal United States district court whose jurisdiction comprises the following counties of California: Alameda, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, San Benito, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, and Sonoma. The court hears cases in its courtrooms in Eureka, Oakland, San Francisco, and San Jose. It is headquartered in San Francisco.

United States District Court for the Northern District of California
(N.D. Cal.)
LocationPhillip Burton Federal Building
(San Francisco)
More locations
Appeals toNinth Circuit
EstablishedAugust 5, 1886
Judges14
Chief JudgeRichard Seeborg
Officers of the court
U.S. AttorneyIsmail Ramsey
U.S. MarshalMark Kolc (acting)
www.cand.uscourts.gov

Cases from the Northern District of California are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Because it covers San Francisco and Silicon Valley, the Northern District of California has become known as the presumptive destination for major federal lawsuits (such as large class actions and multi-district litigation) involving defendants based in East Asia and the high tech sector.[1] These cases usually involve patent law and intellectual property law (such as copyright law and DMCA issues as well as trademark law and trade secret law) - especially in the semiconductor, telecommunications and software industries and other high technology areas, antitrust law, securities law, and technology law in general (e.g., cybersecurity, Internet law, computer law and cases involving software).

History

California was admitted as a state on September 9, 1850, and was initially divided into two districts, the Northern and the Southern, by Act of Congress approved September 28, 1850, 9 Stat. 521.[2] The boundary line was at the 37th parallel of North Latitude.[3] The creating act provided that:

In addition to the ordinary jurisdiction and powers of a District Court of the United States, with which the Southern District Court of New York has been invested, the said Courts be and hereby are invested respectively within the limits of its district with the exercise of concurrent jurisdiction and power in all civil cases now exercised by the Circuit Courts of the United States; and that in all cases where said Courts shall exercise such jurisdiction, appeals may be taken from the judgments, orders or decrees of said Courts to the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Act of August 31, 1852 made the Judge of the Northern District be Judge of the Southern District as well until otherwise provided, by 10 Stat. 76, 84,[2] effectively creating a single District in all but name until an Act of January 18, 1854 provided for the appointment of a Judge for the Southern District.[3] The Southern District of California was abolished and the State made to constitute a single district – the United States District Court for the District of California – by Act of Congress approved July 27, 1866, 14 Stat. 300.[2][3]

Twenty years later, on August 5, 1886, Congress re-created the Southern District of California by 24 Stat. 308.[3] Erskine M. Ross was appointed Judge of the new district and served until his promotion to the Circuit Judgeship, when he was succeeded by Olin Wellborn.[3] On March 18, 1966, the Eastern and Central Districts were created from portions of the Northern and Southern Districts by 80 Stat. 75.[2]

Current judges

As of March 20, 2024:

#TitleJudgeDuty stationBornTerm of serviceAppointed by
ActiveChiefSenior
59Chief JudgeRichard SeeborgSan Francisco19562010–present2021–present—Obama
61District JudgeEdward DavilaSan Jose19522011–present——Obama
63District JudgeYvonne Gonzalez RogersOakland19652011–present——Obama
64District JudgeJon S. TigarOakland19622013–present——Obama
66District JudgeJames DonatoSan Francisco19602014–present——Obama
67District JudgeBeth Labson FreemanSan Jose19532014–present——Obama
68District JudgeVince ChhabriaSan Francisco19692014–present——Obama
69District JudgeHaywood GilliamOakland19692014–present——Obama
70District JudgeJacqueline Scott CorleySan Francisco19662022–present——Biden
71District JudgeTrina ThompsonSan Francisco19612022–present——Biden
72District JudgeAraceli Martínez-OlguínSan Francisco19772023–present——Biden
73District JudgeP. Casey PittsSan Jose19802023–present——Biden
74District JudgeRita F. LinSan Francisco19782023–present——Biden
75District JudgeEumi K. LeeSan Jose1972beg. 2024——Biden
38Senior JudgeThelton Hendersoninactive19331980–19981990–19971998–presentCarter
47Senior JudgeSaundra Brown ArmstrongOakland19471991–2012—2012–presentG.H.W. Bush
50Senior JudgeClaudia Ann WilkenOakland19491993–20142012–20142014–presentClinton
51Senior JudgeMaxine M. ChesneySan Francisco19421995–2009—2009–presentClinton
52Senior JudgeSusan IllstonSan Francisco19481995–2013—2013–presentClinton
53Senior JudgeCharles BreyerSan Francisco19411997–2011—2011–presentClinton
56Senior JudgeWilliam AlsupSan Francisco19451999–2021—2021–presentClinton
57Senior JudgePhyllis J. HamiltonOakland19522000–20212014–20212021–presentClinton
58Senior JudgeJeffrey WhiteOakland19452002–2021—2021–presentG.W. Bush
62Senior JudgeEdward M. ChenSan Francisco19532011–2022—2022–presentObama
65Senior JudgeWilliam Orrick IIISan Francisco19532013–2023—2023–presentObama


Vacancies and pending nominations

SeatPrior judge's duty stationSeat last held byVacancy reasonDate of vacancyNomineeDate of nomination
15San JoseEdward DavilaSenior statusTBD[4]––

Former judges

#JudgeStateBorn–diedActive serviceChief JudgeSenior statusAppointed byReason for
termination
1Ogden Hoffman Jr.CA1822–18911851–1866[Note 1]
1886–1891[Note 2]		—— Fillmore
Operation of law		reassignment to D. Cal.
death
2William W. MorrowCA1843–19291891–1897[Note 3]——B. Harrisonelevation to 9th Cir.
3John J. De HavenCA1849–19131897–1913—— McKinleydeath
4William Cary Van FleetCA1852–19231907–1923[Note 4]——T. Rooseveltdeath
5Maurice Timothy DoolingCA1860–19241913–1924—— Wilsondeath
6John Slater PartridgeCA1870–19261923–1926—— Hardingdeath
7Frank Henry KerriganCA1868–19351924–1935—— Coolidgedeath
8Adolphus Frederic St. SureCA1869–19491925–1947—1947–1949 Coolidgedeath
9Harold LouderbackCA1881–19411928–1941—— Coolidgedeath
10Michael Joseph RocheCA1878–19641935–19581948–19581958–1964F. Rooseveltdeath
11Martin Ignatius WelshCA1882–19531939–1947—1947–1953F. Rooseveltdeath
12Louis Earl GoodmanCA1892–19611942–19611958–1961—F. Rooseveltdeath
13George Bernard HarrisCA1901–19831946–19701961–19701970–1983 Trumandeath
14Dal Millington LemmonCA1887–19581947–1954—— Trumanelevation to 9th Cir.
15Herbert Wilson ErskineCA1888–19511949–1951—— Trumandeath
16Oliver Jesse CarterCA1911–19761950–19761970–19761976 Trumandeath
17Edward Preston MurphyCA1904–19581950–1958—— Trumandeath
18Monroe Mark FriedmanCA1895–19781952–1953[Note 5]—— Trumannot confirmed
19Oliver Deveta Hamlin Jr.CA1892–19731953–1958—— Eisenhowerelevation to 9th Cir.
20Sherrill HalbertCA1901–19911954–1966—— Eisenhowerreassignment to E.D. Cal.
21Albert Charles WollenbergCA1900–19811958–1975—1975–1981 Eisenhowerdeath
22Lloyd Hudson BurkeCA1916–19881958–1988—— Eisenhowerdeath
23William Thomas SweigertCA1900–19831959–1973—1973–1983 Eisenhowerdeath
24Thomas Jamison MacBrideCA1914–20001961–1966—— Kennedyreassignment to E.D. Cal.
25Alfonso ZirpoliCA1905–19951961–1975—1975–1995 Kennedydeath
26Stanley Alexander WeigelCA1905–19991962–1982—1982–1997 Kennedyretirement
27Robert Francis PeckhamCA1920–19931966–19881976–19881988–1993L. Johnsondeath
28Gerald Sanford LevinCA1906–19711969–1971—— Nixondeath
29Robert Howard SchnackeCA1913–19941970–1983—1983–1994 Nixondeath
30Samuel ContiCA1922–20181970–1987—1987–2018 Nixondeath
31Spencer Mortimer WilliamsCA1922–20081971–1987—1987–2008 Nixondeath
32Charles Byron RenfrewCA1928–20171971–1980—— Nixonresignation
33William H. Orrick Jr.CA1915–20031974–1985—1985–2003 Nixondeath
34William Austin IngramCA1924–20021976–19901988–19901990–2002 Forddeath
35Cecil F. PooleCA1914–19971976–1980—— Fordelevation to 9th Cir.
36William SchwarzerCA1925–20171976–1991—1991–2017 Forddeath
37Robert Peter AguilarCA1931–20201980–1996—1996–1996 Carterretirement
39Marilyn Hall PatelCA1938–present1980–20091997–20042009–2012Carterretirement
40Eugene F. LynchCA1931–20191982–1997—1997–1997 Reaganretirement
41John P. Vukasin Jr.CA1928–19931983–1993—— Reagandeath
42Charles A. LeggeCA1930–20231984–2001—— Reaganretirement
43D. Lowell JensenCA1928–present1986–1997—1997–2014 Reaganretirement
44Fern M. SmithCA1933–present1988–2003—2003–2005 Reaganretirement
45Vaughn WalkerCA1944–present1989–20112004–2010—G.H.W. Bushretirement
46James WareCA1946–present1990–20122010–2012—G.H.W. Bushretirement
48Barbara A. CaulfieldCA1947–20101991–1994——G.H.W. Bushresignation
49Ronald WhyteCA1942–20231992–2009—2009–2023G.H.W. Bushdeath
54Martin JenkinsCA1953–present1997–2008—— Clintonresignation
55Jeremy FogelCA1949–present1998–2014—2014–2018 Clintonretirement
60Lucy KohCA1968–present2010–2021—— Obamaelevation to 9th Cir.

Chief judges

Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district court. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the district court judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge.

A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position.

When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.

Succession of seats

Seat 2
Seat established on March 2, 1907 by 34 Stat. 1253
Van Fleet1907–1923
Kerrigan1924–1935
Roche1935–1958
Wollenberg1958–1975
Schwarzer1976–1991
Caulfield1991–1994
Illston1995–2013
Chhabria2014–present
Seat 3
Seat established on September 14, 1922 by 42 Stat. 837 (temporary)
Partridge1923–1926
Seat made permanent on March 3, 1927 by 44 Stat. 1372
Louderback1928–1941
Goodman1942–1961
Weigel1962–1982
Vukasin Jr.1983–1993
Chesney1995–2009
Seeborg2010–present
Seat 4
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584, 585
Welsh1939–1947
Lemmon1947–1954
Halbert1954–1966
Seat reassigned to Eastern District on September 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75

Seat 6
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
Carter1950–1976
Poole1976–1980
Henderson1980–1998
Alsup1999–2021
Corley2022–present
Seat 7
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
Murphy1950–1958
Sweigert1959–1973
W.H. Orrick Jr.1974–1985
Jensen1986–1997
Breyer1997–2011
W.H. Orrick III2013–2023
Lee2024–present
Seat 8
Seat established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80
MacBride1961–1966
Seat reassigned to Eastern District on September 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75

Seat 10
Seat established on March 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75
Peckham1966–1988
Ware1990–2012
Donato2014–present
Seat 11
Seat established on March 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75
Levin1969–1971
Renfrew1971–1980
Lynch1982–1997
Jenkins1997–2008
Chen2011–2022
Lin2023–present
Seat 12
Seat established on June 2, 1970 by 84 Stat. 294
Conti1970–1987
Smith1988–2003
Seat abolished on May 15, 2003 (temporary judgeship expired)

Seat 14
Seat established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629
Aguilar1980–1996
Fogel1998–2014
Seat abolished on December 31, 2014 (temporary judgeship expired)
Seat 15
Seat established in 1979 pursuant to 71 Stat. 586 (temporary)
Seat became permanent upon the abolition of Seat 1 on March 15, 1988
Patel1980–2009
Davila2011–present
Seat 16
Seat established on December 1, 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089
Whyte1992–2009
Koh2010–2021
Pitts2023–present

Seat 18
Seat established on February 9, 2000 pursuant to 104 Stat. 5089 (temporary)
Seat became permanent upon the abolition of Seat 12 on May 15, 2003
Hamilton2000–2021
Thompson2022–present
Seat 19
Seat established on October 3, 2011 pursuant to 104 Stat. 5089 (temporary)
Seat became permanent upon the abolition of Seat 14 on December 31, 2014
Freeman2014–present

United States attorney

The United States Attorney for the Northern District of California represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of March 21, 2023 the United States attorney is Ismail Ramsey.

See also

References

External links

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