User:Meanteenbirder/sandbox

In primary elections

Democrats

Three Democrats (including one non-voting delegate) lost renomination.

1. Guam at-large: Delegate Madeleine Bordallo lost renomination to Michael San Nicolas, who then won the general election.^[1][2]
2. Massachusetts 7: Mike Capuano lost renomination to Ayanna Pressley, who then won the general election.^[3]
3. New York 14: Joe Crowley lost renomination to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who then won the general election.^[3]

Republicans

Two Republicans lost renomination.^[3]

1. North Carolina 9: Robert Pittenger lost renomination to Mark Harris. A new special election was ordered due to electoral fraud conducted by associates of Republican Harris's campaign.^[a]
2. South Carolina 1: Mark Sanford lost renomination to Katie Arrington, who then lost the general election to Joe Cunningham (D).

In the general election

Democrats

No Democrats lost re-election to Republicans.^[4]

Republicans

Thirty Republicans lost re-election to Democrats.^[4]

1. California 10: Jeff Denham (first elected in 2010) lost to Josh Harder.
2. California 21: David Valadao (first elected in 2012) lost to TJ Cox.
3. California 25: Steve Knight (first elected in 2014) lost to Katie Hill.
4. California 45: Mimi Walters (first elected in 2014) lost to Katie Porter.
5. California 48: Dana Rohrabacher (first elected in 1988) lost to Harley Rouda.
6. Colorado 6: Mike Coffman (first elected in 2008) lost to Jason Crow.
7. Florida 26: Carlos Curbelo (first elected in 2014) lost to Debbie Mucarsel-Powell.
8. Georgia 6: Karen Handel (first elected in 2017) lost to Lucy McBath.
9. Illinois 6: Peter Roskam (first elected in 2006) lost to Sean Casten.
10. Illinois 14: Randy Hultgren (first elected in 2010) lost to Lauren Underwood.
11. Iowa 1: Rod Blum (first elected in 2014) lost to Abby Finkenauer.
12. Iowa 3: David Young (first elected in 2014) lost to Cindy Axne.
13. Kansas 3: Kevin Yoder (first elected in 2010) lost to Sharice Davids.
14. Maine 2: Bruce Poliquin (first elected in 2014) lost to Jared Golden.
15. Michigan 8: Mike Bishop (first elected in 2014) lost to Elissa Slotkin.
16. Minnesota 2: Jason Lewis (first elected in 2016) lost to Angie Craig.
17. Minnesota 3: Erik Paulsen (first elected in 2008) lost to Dean Phillips.
18. New Jersey 3: Tom MacArthur (first elected in 2014) lost to Andy Kim.
19. New Jersey 7: Leonard Lance (first elected in 2008) lost to Tom Malinowski.
20. New York 11: Dan Donovan (first elected in 2015) lost to Max Rose.
21. New York 19: John Faso (first elected in 2016) lost to Antonio Delgado.
22. New York 22: Claudia Tenney (first elected in 2016) lost to Anthony Brindisi.^[5]
23. Oklahoma 5: Steve Russell (first elected in 2014) lost to Kendra Horn.
24. Pennsylvania 17: Keith Rothfus (first elected in 2012) lost a redistricting race to Conor Lamb.
25. Texas 7: John Culberson (first elected in 2000) lost to Lizzie Fletcher.
26. Texas 32: Pete Sessions (first elected in 1996) lost to Colin Allred.
27. Utah 4: Mia Love (first elected in 2014) lost to Ben McAdams.
28. Virginia 2: Scott Taylor (first elected in 2016) lost to Elaine Luria.
29. Virginia 7: Dave Brat (first elected in 2014) lost to Abigail Spanberger.
30. Virginia 10: Barbara Comstock (first elected in 2014) lost to Jennifer Wexton.

Democratic seats won by Republicans

Three Democratic seats were won by Republicans.

1. Minnesota 1: Won by Jim Hagedorn.^[6]
2. Minnesota 8: Won by Pete Stauber.^[7]
3. Pennsylvania 14: Conor Lamb instead ran in the 17th district. Won by Guy Reschenthaler.^[7]

Republican seats won by Democrats

Thirteen Republican seats were won by Democrats.

1. Arizona 2: Won by Ann Kirkpatrick.
2. California 39: Won by Gil Cisneros.
3. California 49: Won by Mike Levin.
4. Florida 27: Won by Donna Shalala.
5. Michigan 11: Won by Haley Stevens.
6. New Jersey 2: Won by Jeff Van Drew, who became a Republican on December 19, 2019.^[8]
7. New Jersey 11: Won by Mikie Sherrill.
8. New Mexico 2: Won by Xochitl Torres Small.
9. Pennsylvania 5: Won by Mary Gay Scanlon.
10. Pennsylvania 6: Won by Chrissy Houlahan.
11. Pennsylvania 7: Won by Susan Wild.
12. South Carolina 1: Won by Joe Cunningham.
13. Washington 8: Won by Kim Schrier.

Democratic seats held by Democrats

Democrats held nineteen of their open seats.

1. Arizona 9: Won by Greg Stanton.
2. Colorado 2: Won by Joe Neguse.
3. Connecticut 5: Won by Jahana Hayes.
4. Hawaii 1: Won by Ed Case.
5. Illinois 4: Won by Chuy García.
6. Maryland 6: Won by David Trone.
7. Massachusetts 3: Won by Lori Trahan.
8. Michigan 9: Won by Andy Levin.
9. Michigan 13: Won by Rashida Tlaib.
10. Minnesota 5: Won by Ilhan Omar.
11. Nevada 3: Won by Susie Lee.
12. Nevada 4: Won by Steven Horsford.
13. New Hampshire 1: Won by Chris Pappas.
14. New Mexico 1: Won by Deb Haaland.
15. New York 25: Won by Joe Morelle.
16. Pennsylvania 2: Bob Brady retired. Won By Brendan Boyle.
17. Pennsylvania 4: Brendan Boyle ran in Pennsylvania 2. Won by Madeleine Dean.
18. Texas 16: Won by Veronica Escobar.
19. Texas 29: Won by Sylvia Garcia.

Republican seats held by Republicans

Republicans held twenty-eight of their open seats.

1. Florida 6: Won by Michael Waltz.
2. Florida 15: Won by Ross Spano.
3. Florida 17: Won by Greg Steube.
4. Idaho 1: Won by Russ Fulcher.
5. Indiana 4: Won by Jim Baird.
6. Indiana 6: Won by Greg Pence.
7. Kansas 2: Won by Steve Watkins.
8. Mississippi 3: Won by Michael Guest.
9. North Dakota at-large: Won by Kelly Armstrong.
10. Ohio 16: Won by Anthony Gonzalez.
11. Oklahoma 1: Won by Kevin Hern.
12. Pennsylvania 9: Won by Dan Meuser.
13. Pennsylvania 13: Won by John Joyce.
14. South Carolina 4: Won by William Timmons.
15. South Dakota at-large: Won by Dusty Johnson.
16. Tennessee 2: Won by Tim Burchett.
17. Tennessee 6: Won by John Rose.
18. Tennessee 7: Won by Mark Green.
19. Texas 2: Won by Dan Crenshaw.
20. Texas 3: Won by Van Taylor.
21. Texas 5: Won by Lance Gooden.
22. Texas 6: Won by Ron Wright.
23. Texas 21: Won by Chip Roy.
24. Virginia 5: Won by Denver Riggleman.
25. Virginia 6: Won by Ben Cline.
26. West Virginia 3: Won by Carol Miller.
27. Wisconsin 1: Won by Bryan Steil.

Three other members announced their retirements but then resigned early before their terms ended.

1. Texas 27: Blake Farenthold (R) announced his retirement December 14, 2017. He resigned on April 6, 2018. His seat was filled by a special election for the remainder of the term.
2. Utah 3: Jason Chaffetz (R) announced his retirement April 19, 2017. He resigned on June 30, 2017. His seat was filled by a special election for the remainder of the term.
3. West Virginia 3: Evan Jenkins (R) announced his retirement May 8, 2017 to run for U.S. Senator.^[9] He lost the nomination and then resigned September 30, 2018, when appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. His seat was not filled until the regular election for the next congress.

2022 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

← 2022 November 8, 2022 2024 →

Nominee Tom Sullivan Suresh Garimella Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 160,937 127,670 Percentage 53.7% 42.6%

County results Welch:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

Representative At-large before election Peter Welch Democratic Elected Representative At-large Tom Sullivan Democratic

Elections in Vermont
Federal government Presidential elections 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Presidential primaries Democratic 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Republican 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 U.S. Senate elections 1791 1794 1796 1796 sp 1797 sp 1800 1801 sp 1802 1806 1807 sp 1808 1809 1812 1814 1817 sp 1818 1818 sp 1821 1825 1827 1831 1833 1833 sp 1837 1839 1842 sp 1843 1845 1848 1850 1854 sp 1855 1856 1861 1862 1866 1866 sp 1868 1872 1874 1878 1880 1884 1886 1890 1892 1892 sp 1896 1898 1900 sp 1902 1904 1908 1908 sp 1909 sp 1910 1914 1916 1920 1922 1923 sp 1926 1928 1931 sp 1932 1934 1934 sp 1938 1940 1940 sp 1944 1946 1946 sp 1950 1952 1956 1958 1962 1964 1968 1970 1972 sp 1974 1976 1980 1982 1986 1988 1992 1994 1998 2000 2004 2006 2010 2012 2016 2018 2022 2024 2028 U.S. House elections 1791 1793 1794/95 1796/97 1797 2nd sp 1798 1800 1802/03 1804/05 1806 1808 1st sp 1810 1812 1814 1816 1818 1820/21 1822 1824 AL sp 1826/27 1828/29 1830/32 1831 2nd sp 1832 1st sp 1833 1834 5th sp 1836 1838 1840 1843 1844 1846 1848 1849 3rd sp 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1863 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1923 2nd sp 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 AL sp 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 AL sp 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
State government General elections 2002 2004 2006 2008 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 Gubernatorial elections 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 Lieutenant gubernatorial elections 2022 Attorney General elections 2022 Senate elections 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 House of Representatives elections 2016 2018 2020 2022
Burlington Mayoral elections 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024
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2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election

← 2018 November 8, 2022 2026 →
Turnout	53.7% ( 7.5%)
Nominee Kyle Rittenhouse Tony Evers Party Republican Democratic Running mate Chris Kapenga Satya Rhodes-Conway Popular vote 1,134,333 1,131,979 Percentage 48.2% 48.1%
County results Evers:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Walker:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Governor before election Tony Evers Democratic Elected Governor Kyle Rittenhouse Republican

Elections in Wisconsin
Federal government Presidential elections 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Presidential primaries Democratic 2000 2004 2008 2016 2020 2024 Republican 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 U.S. Senate elections 1848 1849 1851 1854 1857 1861 1863 1866 1872 1875 1879 1881 1881 sp 1885 1887 1890 1891 1893 1897 1899 1903 1905 1907 sp 1909 1911 1914 1916 1918 sp 1920 1922 1925 sp 1926 1928 1932 1934 1938 1940 1944 1946 1950 1952 1956 1957 sp 1958 1962 1964 1968 1970 1974 1976 1980 1982 1986 1988 1992 1994 1998 2000 2004 2006 2010 2012 2016 2018 2022 2024 2028 U.S. House of Representatives elections 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1863 2nd sp 1864 1866 1868 1870 2nd sp 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 5th sp 1887 8th sp 1888 1890 1892 1893 4th sp 1894 7th sp 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 2nd sp 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 6th sp 11th sp 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 6th sp 1931 1st sp 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1941 1st sp 1942 1944 1946 1947 2nd sp 1948 1950 1952 1953 9th sp 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1969 7th sp 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1979 6th sp 1980 1982 1984 4th sp 1986 1988 1990 1992 1993 1st sp 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 7th sp 2022 2024
State government General elections 1995 2000 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Gubernatorial elections 1848 1849 1851 1853 1855 1857 1859 1861 1863 1865 1867 1869 1871 1873 1875 1877 1879 1881 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012 (recall) 2014 2018 2022 2026 Secretary of State elections 2014 2018 2022 Attorney General elections 2014 2018 2022 Treasurer elections 2014 2022 Superintendent of Public Instruction elections 2013 2017 2021 2025 State Senate elections 1934 1996 2008 2010 2011 (recall) 2012 (recall) 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 State Assembly elections 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 Supreme Court elections 2011 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2023 2025
Ballot measures 2006 Referendum 1
Green Bay Mayoral elections 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Madison Mayoral elections 1997 sp 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Milwaukee Mayoral elections 1910 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2022 sp 2024
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The following list of birds of New York includes the 494 species and a species pair of wild birds documented in New York as of July 2020. Unless noted otherwise, the source is the Checklist of New York State Birds published by the New York State Avian Records Committee (NYSARC) of the New York State Ornithological Association.^[10] These species represent 23 orders and 67 families of birds. An additional, "hypothetical", species is also noted by NYSARC.

This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 61st Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).^[11] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in New York as permanent residents, summer/winter visitors, or migrants. These tags are used to annotate some species:

• (B) Breeding - a species that currently breeds or has bred in New York (248 species)
• (†) Extinct - a species that used to live in what is now New York but is now extinct (2 or 3 species)
• (E) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in New York, but populations exist elsewhere (2 species)
• (I) Introduced - a population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous (8 species)
• (IE) - an introduced population existed but is now extirpated (2 species)
• (H) Hypothetical - a species with sight records but no description, specimen, or photograph (1 species)

Other markings denote birds that NYSARC requests documentation of in certain conditions:

• (N) - documentation of this species should be submitted if seen anywhere in New York (153 species)
• (U) - documentation of this species should be submitted if seen in upstate New York (30 species)
• (D) - documentation of this species should be submitted if seen in downstate New York (4 species)
• (A) - documentation of this species should be submitted if seen outside the Adirondacks (3 species)
• (P) - documentation of this species should be submitted if seen outside of the pelagic zone (between 3 and 200 miles from shore) but within New York State. (4 species)
• (S) - documentation of this species should be submitted if seen in New York in spring (3 species)

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. Thirty-nine species have been recorded in New York.

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus (E)

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo (N)
• Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I,E)

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large diving birds that breed on fresh water. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
• Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
• Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena (N)

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. Five species have been recorded in New York.

• Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)(B)
• Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto (N)
• Passenger pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius (†)
• White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica (N)
• Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (B)

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
• Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
• Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis (N)
• Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus (N)

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (B)

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris (B)
• Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope (N)
• Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus (N)

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short rounded wings and to be weak fliers. Six species have been recorded in New York.

• Clapper rail, Rallus crepitans (N)
• Virginia rail, Rallus limicola
• Sora, Porzana carolina (N)
• Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata (N)
• American coot, Fulica americana
• Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (N)

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". One species has been recorded in New York.

• Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis (N)

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. One species has been recorded in New York.

• American avocet, Recurvirostra americana (N)

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious, noisy plover-like birds with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs. One species has been recorded in New York.

• American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus (N)

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. Four species have been recorded in New York.

• Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
• American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (N)
• Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus (B)
• Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large, diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds which includes the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. Most species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. Twenty-two species have been recorded in New York.

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas and jaegers are long-distant migrants, breeding on the high arctic tundra but flying as far as Antarctica. During the breeding season, they hunt small mammals and birds, but at other times of the year they will scavenge and steal food from other birds. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (N)
• Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (N)

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins in their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits. However they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, deliberately coming ashore only to nest. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Dovekie, Alle alle (N)
• Razorbill, Alca torda (N)

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes jaegers, skuas, gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Twenty-two species have been recorded in New York.

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head. One species has been recorded in New York.

• White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (N)

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of large ducks, which they superficially resemble. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are not well adapted to locomotion on land. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
• Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica (N)
• Common loon, Gavia immer

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, the family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (N)

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (N)
• Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro (N)

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis (N)

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (N)
• Northern gannet, Morus bassanus (N)

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga (N)

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium to large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
• Double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus (B)

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes. One species has been recorded in New York

• Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis (N)

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium-sized to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. Ten species have been recorded in New York.

• American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
• Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis (N)
• Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
• Great egret, Ardea alba (B)
• Snowy egret, Egretta thula (B)
• Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea (N)
• Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (N)
• Green heron, Butorides virescens (B)
• Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
• Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea (B)

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (N)

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers, but unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, some New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they find carcasses. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
• Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

• Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, and harriers. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. Twelve species have been recorded in New York.

• Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos (N)
• Northern harrier, Circus hudsonius (N)
• Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
• Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii
• Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (N)
• Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
• Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis (N)
• Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
• Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
• Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni (N)
• Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis (B)
• Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus (N)

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Barn owl, Tyto alba (N)

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. Eight species have been recorded in New York.

• Eastern screech-owl, Megascops asio (B)
• Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus (N)
• Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus (N)
• Barred owl, Strix varia (N)
• Long-eared owl, Asio otus (N)
• Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus (N)
• Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus (N)
• Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus (N)

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. Eight species have been recorded in New York.

• Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
• Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus (B)
• Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
• Black-backed woodpecker, Picoides arcticus (N)
• Downy woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens (B)
• Hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus (B)
• Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus (B)
• Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus (N)

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• American kestrel, Falco sparverius (B)
• Merlin, Falco columbarius
• Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus (B)

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back. Most of the more than 150 species in the family are found in the New World. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus (I)(B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerines which are found throughout the Americas. They bear a superficially resemblance to the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They lack the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most are insectivorous. Fifteen species have been recorded in New York.

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus (N)
• Northern shrike, Lanius borealis (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds mostly restricted to the New World, though other members of the family are found in Africa. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. Seven species have been recorded in New York.

• White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus
• Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii (N)
• Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons
• Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
• Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
• Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus (B)
• Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Four species have been recorded in New York.

• Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata (B)
• American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos (B)
• Fish crow, Corvus ossifragus (B)
• Common raven, Corvus corax (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. Seven species have been recorded in New York.

• Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
• Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (B)
• Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis (B)
• Purple martin, Progne subis (N)
• Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica (B)
• Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (B)
• Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus (B)
• Boreal chickadee, Poecile hudsonica (N)
• Tufted titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
• White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Brown creeper, Certhia americana

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. Six species have been recorded in New York.

• House wren, Troglodytes aedon (B)
• Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis
• Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis (N)
• Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris
• Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus (B)
• Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa
• Ruby-crowned kinglet, Regulus calendula

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

The Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. Nine species have been recorded in New York.

• Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
• Veery, Catharus fuscescens
• Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
• Bicknell's thrush, Catharus bicknelli (N)
• Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
• Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
• Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina (B)
• American robin, Turdus migratorius (B)
• Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The Mimics are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. Three species have been recorded in New York.

• Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (B)
• Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (B)
• Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen. One species has been recorded in New York.

• European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)(B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. One species has been recorded in New York.

• Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. One species has been recorded in New York.

• House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)(B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. One species has been recorded in New York.

• American pipit, Anthus rubescens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. Ten species have been recorded in New York.

• Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus (N)
• Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator (N)
• House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus (I)(B)(native to the southwestern U.S.; introduced in the east)
• Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus
• Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea (N)
• Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra (N)
• White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera (N)
• European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis (IE)(B)
• Pine siskin, Spinus pinus
• American goldfinch, Spinus tristis (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that have been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects. They are usually found in open grassy areas. Two species have been recorded in New York.

• Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus (N)
• Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. Twenty-three species have been recorded in New York.

• Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum (N)
• Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus (N)
• Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina (B)
• Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida
• Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla
• Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
• American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea
• Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
• White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
• Harris's sparrow, Zonotrichia querula (N)
• White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
• Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus
• LeConte's sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii (N)
• Seaside sparrow, Ammospiza maritima (N)
• Nelson's sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni
• Saltmarsh sparrow, Ammospiza caudacuta (N)
• Baird's sparrow, Centronyx bairdii (N)
• Henslow's sparrow, Centronyx henslowii (N)
• Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
• Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia (B)
• Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
• Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
• Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (B)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

• Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. Eleven species have been recorded in New York.

• Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (B)
• Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna (N)
• Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius (B)
• Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula (B)
• Scott's oriole, Icterus parisorum (N)
• Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus (B)
• Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater (B)
• Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
• Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus (N)
• Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula (B)
• Boat-tailed grackle, Quiscalus major (N)

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of the family are insectivores. Thirty-nine species have been recorded in New York.

• Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla
• Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorum
• Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla
• Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
• Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera
• Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera
• Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
• Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea
• Swainson's warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii (N)
• Tennessee warbler, Leiothlypis peregrina
• Orange-crowned warbler, Leiothlypis celata
• Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla
• Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis
• Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia
• Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa
• Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas (B)
• Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina
• American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
• Kirtland's warbler, Setophaga kirtlandii (N)
• Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
• Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea
• Northern parula, Setophaga americana
• Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
• Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea
• Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
• Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia (B)
• Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
• Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
• Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
• Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum
• Pine warbler, Setophaga pinus
• Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
• Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica
• Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor
• Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens (N)
• Hermit warbler, Setophaga occidentalis (N)
• Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens
• Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis
• Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. Ten species have been recorded in New York.

• Summer tanager, Piranga rubra
• Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea
• Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana (N)
• Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (B)
• Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus (B)
• Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus (N)
• Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea
• Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea
• Painted bunting, Passerina ciris (N)
• Dickcissel, Spiza americana

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