Misconceptions
"The 'true' IPA is that which describes speech as closely as possible."
"There are only two kinds of phonetic transcription: broad (phonemic) and narrow (allophonic)."
"The International Phonetic Alphabet is, at its core, a phonetic alphabet."
"There is 'the IPA for [a language]'."
"There is one correct way to syllabify English words."
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Editing assistance
- ExpandContractions – Expands contractions.
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Itch scratchers
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Pronunciation sources
Dictionaries
- Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (authoritative)
- Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (authoritative)
- The Oxford/Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (generally reliable but these may help)
- Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation
- OneLook (powerful meta search—but not for new words)
- A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English (1944; authoritative but outdated)
- Merriam-Webster (most reliable, comprehensive and up-to-date for AmE; direct descendant of Kenyon & Knott; see Wells 12 Oct '06 for how they compile pronunciations)
- The Free Dictionary (a good deal of specialized [especially medical] dictionaries)
- OED/Australian/Canadian/New Zealand Oxford Dictionary (pronunciations are free)
Generally reliable
- Say How?
- The ABC Book
- Voice of America Pronunciation Guide
- ABC Pronounce (some respellings appear inconsistent)
- TeachingBooks Author & Illustrator Pronunciation Guide
- BBC Pronunciation Unit blog
Not citable but potentially useful
- Forvo
- Behind the Name
- Forebears (for guessing name origins)
- The Name Engine
- NameShouts
Weirdly prescriptive and often inaccurate
User-generated junk
- Howjsay, Inogolo, Pronounce Names
"my name is ..."
,"i'm ..."
,"..." "pronounced"
,"..." "rhymes with"
, etc.
Search within Wikipedia
insource:"IPA xx" intitle:...
Specialties
Places
- A Guide to the Pronunciation of Canadian Place Names (1959 [1938])
- Georgia Place-Names (1999 [1975])
- Idaho Pronunciation Guide
- Illinois Pronunciation Guide
- Pronunciation Guide for Illinois Place Names (1957)
- Michigan.gov Pronunciation Guide
- A Pronunciation Guide to places in Ohio
- Texas Almanac Pronunciation Guide
- Washington Names: A Pronunciation Guide of Washington State Place Names (1964)
- AP: Minnesota, Montana, Nebraksa, South Dakota, Washington
Non-English
Lots of others
The Chaos
"The Chaos" by Gerard Nolst Trenité:[1][2]
Dearest creature in Creation,
/ˈdɪərɪst ˈkriːtʃər ɪn kriˈeɪʃən/Studying English pronunciation,
/ˈstʌdiɪŋ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/I will teach you in my verse
/aɪ wɪl tiːtʃ juː ɪn maɪ vɜːrs/Sounds like corpse, corps, horse and worse.
/saʊndz laɪk kɔːrps kɔːr hɔːrs ən wɜːrs/It will keep you, Susy, busy,
/ɪt wɪl kiːp juː ˈsuːzi ˈbɪzi/Tear in eye your dress you'll tear.
/tɪər ɪn aɪ jʊər drɛs juːl tɛər/So shall I! Oh, hear my prayer,
/soʊ ʃəl aɪ oʊ hɪər maɪ prɛər/Pray, console your loving poet,
/preɪ kənˈsoʊl jʊər ˈlʌvɪŋ ˈpoʊɪt/Make my coat look new, dear, sew it?
/meɪk maɪ koʊt lʊk njuː dɪər soʊ ɪt/Just compare heart, beard and heard,
/dʒʌst kəmˈpɛər hɑːrt bɪərd ən hɜːrd/Dies and diet, lord and word,
/daɪz ən ˈdaɪət lɔːrd ən wɜːrd/Sword and sward, retain and Britain,
/sɔːrd ən swɔːrd rɪˈteɪn ən ˈbrɪtən/(Mind the latter, how it's written!)
/maɪnd ðə ˈlætər haʊ ɪts ˈrɪtən/Made has not the sound of bade,
/meɪd həz nɒt ðə saʊnd əv bæd/Say—said, pay—paid, laid, but plaid.
/seɪ sɛd peɪ peɪd leɪd bət plæd/Now I surely will not plague you
/naʊ aɪ ˈʃʊərli wɪl nɒt pleɪɡ juː/But be careful how you speak,
/bət biː ˈkɛərfəl haʊ juː spiːk/Say break, steak, but bleak and streak,
/seɪ breɪk steɪk bət bliːk ən striːk/Pipe, snipe, recipe and choir,
/paɪp snaɪp ˈrɛsɪpi ən kwaɪər/Cloven, oven; how and low;
/ˈkloʊvən ˈʌvən haʊ ən loʊ/Script, receipt; shoe, poem, toe,
/skrɪpt rɪˈsiːt ʃuː ˈpoʊɪm toʊ/Hear me say, devoid of trickery:
/hɪər miː seɪ dɪˈvɔɪd əv ˈtrɪkəri/Typhoid; measles, topsails, aisles;
/ˈtaɪfɔɪd ˈmiːzəlz ˈtɒpsəlz aɪlz/Wholly, holly; signal, signing;
/ˈhoʊli ˈhɒli ˈsɪɡnəl ˈsaɪnɪŋ/Thames; examining, combining;
/tɛmz ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/Scholar, vicar and cigar,
/ˈskɒlər ˈvɪkər ən sɪˈɡɑːr/Solar, mica, war and far.
/ˈsoʊlər ˈmaɪkə wɔːr ən fɑːr/From "desire": desirable—admirable from "admire";
/frəm dɪˈzaɪər dɪˈzaɪərəbəl ˈædmərəbəl frəm ədˈmaɪər/Lumber, plumber; bier but brier;
/ˈlʌmbər ˈplʌmər bɪər bət braɪər/One, anemone; Balmoral;
/wʌn əˈnɛməni bælˈmɒrəl/Kitchen, lichen; laundry, laurel;
/ˈkɪtʃɪn ˈlaɪkən ˈlɔːndri ˈlɒrəl/Gertrude, German; wind and mind;
/ˈɡɜːrtruːd ˈdʒɜːrmən wɪnd ən maɪnd/Scene, Melpomene, mankind;
/siːn mɛlˈpɒmɪni mænˈkaɪnd/Reading, Reading, heathen, heather.
/ˈriːdɪŋ ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈhiːðən ˈhɛðər/Blood and flood are not like food,
/blʌd ən flʌd ɑːr nɒt laɪk fuːd/Viscous, viscount; load and broad;
/ˈvɪskəs ˈvaɪkaʊnt loʊd ən brɔːd/Toward, to forward, to reward,
/tɔːrd tə ˈfɔːrwərd tuː rɪˈwɔːrd/Rounded, wounded; grieve and sieve;
/ˈraʊndɪd ˈwuːndɪd ɡriːv ən sɪv/Friend and fiend; alive and live;
/frɛnd ən fiːnd əˈlaɪv ən lɪv/Liberty, library; heave and heaven;
/ˈlɪbərti ˈlaɪbrəri hiːv ən ˈhɛvən/We say hallowed, but allowed;
/wiː seɪ ˈhæloʊd bət əˈlaʊd/People, leopard; towed, but vowed
/ˈpiːpəl ˈlɛpərd toʊd bət vaʊd/Mark the difference, moreover,
/mɑːrk ðə ˈdɪfərəns mɔːrˈoʊvər/Between mover, plover, Dover,
/bɪˈtwiːn ˈmuːvər ˈplʌvər ˈdoʊvər/Chalice but police and lice.
/ˈtʃælɪs bət pəˈliːs ən laɪs/Principle, disciple; label;
/ˈprɪnsɪpəl dɪˈsaɪpəl ˈleɪbəl/Petal, penal and canal;
/ˈpɛtəl ˈpiːnəl ənd kəˈnæl/But it is not hard to tell,
/bət ɪt ɪz nɒt hɑːrd tə tɛl/Why it's pall, mall, but Pall Mall.
/hwaɪ ɪts pɔːl mɔːl bət pɛl mɛl/Muscle, muscular; gaol; iron;
/ˈmʌsəl ˈmʌskjʊlər dʒeɪl aɪərn/Timber, climber; bullion, lion,
/ˈtɪmbər ˈklaɪmər ˈbʊliən ˈlaɪən/Worm and storm; chaise, chaos, chair;
/wɜːrm ən stɔːrm ʃeɪz ˈkeɪɒs tʃɛər/Ivy, privy; famous, clamour
/ˈaɪvi ˈprɪvi ˈfeɪməs ˈklæmər/Pussy, hussy and possess.
/ˈpʊsi ˈhʌsi ən pəˈzɛs/Hoist, in lieu of flags, left pennants.
/hɔɪst ɪn ljuː əv flæɡz lɛft ˈpɛnənts/River, rival; tomb, bomb, comb;
/ˈrɪvər ˈraɪvəl tuːm bɒm koʊm/And then: singer, ginger, linger.
/ən ðɛn ˈsɪŋər ˈdʒɪndʒər ˈlɪŋɡər/Nor does fury sound like bury.
/nɔːr dəz ˈfjʊəri saʊnd laɪk ˈbɛri/Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath.
/dʒɒb dʒoʊb ˈblɒsəm ˈbʊzəm oʊθ/Though the difference seems little,
/ðoʊ ðə ˈdɪfərəns siːmz ˈlɪtəl/We say actual, but victual,
/wiː seɪ ˈæktʃuəl bət ˈvɪtəl/Put, nut; granite, but unite.
/pʊt nʌt ˈɡrænɪt bət juːˈnaɪt/Hint, pint; senate, but sedate;
/hɪnt paɪnt ˈsɛnət bət sɪˈdeɪt/Scenic, Arabic, pacific;
/ˈsiːnɪk ˈærəbɪk pəˈsɪfɪk/Science, conscience, scientific;
/ˈsaɪəns ˈkɒnʃəns ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/Tour, but our, and succour, four;
/tʊər bət aʊər ən ˈsʌkər fɔːr/Sea, idea, guinea, area,
/siː aɪˈdiːə ˈɡɪni ˈɛəriə/Psalm; Maria, but malaria;
/sɑːm məˈriːə bət məˈlɛəriə/Youth, south, southern; cleanse and clean;
/juːθ saʊθ ˈsʌðərn klɛnz ən kliːn/Doctrine, turpentine, marine.
/ˈdɒktrɪn ˈtɜːrpəntaɪn məˈriːn/Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!
/aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ hweɪ kiː kiː/Say aver, but ever, fever,
/seɪ əˈvɜːr bət ˈɛvər ˈfiːvər/Never guess—it is not safe;
/ˈnɛvər ɡɛs ɪt ɪz nɒt seɪf/Face but preface, but efface,
/feɪs bət ˈprɛfəs bət ɪˈfeɪs/Large, but target, gin, give, verging;
/lɑːrdʒ bət ˈtɑːrɡɪt dʒɪn ɡɪv ˈvɜːrdʒɪŋ/Ought, out, joust and scour, but scourging;
/ɔːt aʊt dʒaʊst ən skaʊər bət ˈskɜːrdʒɪŋ/Ear, but earn; and wear and tear
/ɪər bət ɜːrn ən wɛər ən tɛər/Seven is right, but so is even;
/ˈsɛvən ɪz raɪt bət soʊ ɪz ˈiːvən/Pronunciation—think of psyche!—
/prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən θɪŋk əv ˈsaɪki/Is a paling, stout and spikey;
/ɪz ə ˈpeɪlɪŋ staʊt ən ˈspaɪki/Won't it make you lose your wits,
/woʊnt ɪt meɪk juː luːz jʊər wɪts/It's a dark abyss or tunnel,
/ɪts ə dɑːrk əˈbɪs ɔːr ˈtʌnəl/Islington and Isle of Wight,
/ˈɪzlɪŋtən ən aɪl əv waɪt/Housewife, verdict and indict!
/ˈhʌzɪf ˈvɜːrdɪkt ən ɪnˈdaɪt/Hiccough has the sound of "cup"......
/ˈhɪkʌp həz ðə saʊnd əv kʌp/My advice is—give it up!
/maɪ ədˈvaɪs ɪz ɡɪv ɪt ʌp/*) No, you are wrong.[58] This is the plural of "doe".
/noʊ juː ɑːr rɒŋ ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈplʊərəl əv doʊ/
Things that shouldn't matter in an ideal world but do in this one
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That this is absurd does not prevent its happening.
— J. C. Wells, Accents of English (1982), p. 106
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