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Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions, whereas climate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, "weather" is generally understood to mean the weather of Earth.

Weather is driven by air pressure, temperature, and moisture differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the Sun's angle at any particular spot, which varies with latitude. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the largest scale atmospheric circulations: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, the polar cell, and the jet stream. Weather systems in the middle latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet streamflow. Because Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane (called the ecliptic), sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (−40 °F to 104 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit can affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by Earth, thus influencing long-term climate and global climate change.

Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes, as most atmospheric heating is due to contact with the Earth's surface while radiative losses to space are mostly constant. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Earth's weather system is a chaotic system; as a result, small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout history, and there is evidence that human activities such as agriculture and industry have modified weather patterns.

Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, the weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind. (Full article...)

Portal:Weather/Selected picture/06/2024

Portal:Weather/Selected article/06/2024

• Wikinews weather portal
  • March 26, 2021: Tropical moisture ceases to cause severe floods in South East Australia
  • February 19, 2021: Winter storms hammer Texas, fatalities reported
  • December 28, 2021: Typhoon Phanfone strikes Philippines
  • February 1, 2022: Deadly floods in Brazil after heavy rainfall
  • April 15, 2022: South African floods kill at least 300 people
• Weather of 2024
• 2024 Atlantic hurricane season
• 2020–21 North American winter
• 2024 Pacific typhoon season
• Tornadoes of 2024

Portal:Weather/On this day/06/01

Portal:Weather/Selected biography/06/2024

The scope of WikiProject Weather is to have a single location for all weather-related articles on Wikipedia.

WikiProject Meteorology is a collaborative effort by dozens of Wikipedians to improve the quality of meteorology- and weather-related articles. If you would like to help, visit the project talk page, and see what needs doing.

WikiProject Severe weather is a similar project specific to articles about severe weather. Their talk page is located here.

WikiProject Tropical cyclones is a daughter project of WikiProject meteorology. The dozens of semi-active members and several full-time members focus on improving Wikipedia's coverage of tropical cyclones.

WikiProject Non-tropical storms is a collaborative project to improve articles related to winter storms, wind storms, and extratropical cyclones.

Wikipedia is a fully collaborative effort by volunteers. So if you see something you think you can improve, be bold and get to editing! We appreciate any help you can provide!

Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Article requests : Original-content meteorology articles: longwave (meteorology), forcing (meteorology). Regional Snowfall Index see NWS plus RSI values for almost 600 snowstorms. See also WikiProject Meteorology's request page and WikiProject Weather's request page. More topics that are possibly encyclopaedic relating to meteorology may be found at Missing topics about Meteorology. See also: Needed-Class meteorology articles and Needed-Class Weather articles. Assess : See: Unassessed meteorology articles and Unassessed Weather articles Citing sources : Cloud, Temperature, Anticyclone, Atmospheric science Cleanup : Robert Watson (chemist), Cloud Expand : Cloud Appreciation Society, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmospheric science, Drought, Flood Featured article candidates : Cyclone Berguitta Featured article review : 2003 Pacific hurricane season, Great Lakes Storm of 1913 Featured list candidates : Timeline of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season Good article nominations : 1932 Atlantic hurricane season, Cyclone Fakir, Mojave Desert, Sumatra squall, 1931 Atlantic hurricane season, 2020 Atlantic hurricane season Maintain : See: Meteorology articles needing expert attention Photo : See: Wikipedia requested meteorological diagrams and Wikipedia requested images of floods Portal : Maintain the Weather portal Stubs : See: Atmospheric science stubs, Weather event stubs, Stub-Class meteorology articles, and Stub-Class Weather articles Translate : See: Storm articles needing translation Update : Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2004, Tornado outbreak of November 9–11, 2002 Verify : See: Weather articles with incomplete B-Class checklists Wikify : Lightning, Convective overshoot, Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho

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The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject: